盘县马依东二井田构造特征及成因分析

利用井田勘探资料及野外地质资料,对井田构造基本形态、断层发育特征及其分布规律进行分析,总结出该井田的构造模式、构造成因、构造组合特征及其演化规律。研究认为井田的构造格局是多期构造运动综合作用、相互叠加的结果。井田构造形态为一略有起伏的平缓单斜,区内NE向的高角度正断层,多属张扭性,EW向构造早于NE向构造,构造复合部位较复杂,其余区段较简单;伸展构造是井田构造的主体样式,这一结论对下一步继续勘探及煤矿开采具有指导意义。     

赣北燕山期火山-次火山-斑岩金矿床成矿系列及地质特征

燕山期火山-次火山-浅成斑岩金矿成矿系列构成了赣北地区一个重要的金矿成矿系列.根据其金矿成矿物质来源、成矿作用及产出的围岩条件可划分为火山热液型、次火山-浅成斑岩热液型和隐爆角砾岩型金矿床.对上述3种主要金矿床地质特征、找矿标志进行了较为详细的描述,同时对赣北地区该金矿成矿系列进一步找矿方向进行了论述,旨在加强和推动赣北地区金矿地质勘查工作.     

Metallogeny of Shoshonite-Hosted Copper-Gold Deposits in Middle-South Parts of Tancheng-Lujiang Deep Fault Zone and Its Vicinity,Eastern China

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Above‐stream microclimate and stream surface energy exchanges in a wildfire‐disturbed riparian zone

Stream temperature and riparian microclimate were characterized for a 1·5 km wildfire‐disturbed reach of Fishtrap Creek, located north of Kamloops, British Columbia. A deterministic net radiation model was developed using hemispherical canopy images coupled with on‐site microclimate measurements. Modelled net radiation agreed reasonably with measured net radiation. Air temperature and humidity measured at two locations above the stream, separated by 900 m, were generally similar, whereas wind speed was poorly correlated between the two sites. Modelled net radiation varied considerably along the reach, and measurements at a single location did not provide a reliable estimate of the modelled reach average. During summer, net radiation dominated the surface heat exchanges, particularly because the sensible and latent heat fluxes were normally of opposite sign and thus tended to cancel each other. All surface heat fluxes shifted to negative values in autumn and were of similar magnitude through winter. In March, net radiation became positive, but heat gains were cancelled by sensible and latent heat fluxes, which remained negative. A modelling exercise using three canopy cover scenarios (current, simulated pre‐wildfire and simulated complete vegetation removal) showed that net radiation under the standing dead trees was double that modelled for the pre‐fire canopy cover. However, post‐disturbance standing dead trees reduce daytime net radiation reaching the stream surface by one‐third compared with complete vegetation removal. The results of this study have highlighted the need to account for reach‐scale spatial variability of energy exchange processes, especially net radiation, when modelling stream energy budgets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modelling the impacts of subsurface drainage on surface runoff and sediment yield in the Le Sueur Watershed,Minnesota, USA

Abstract

Tile drainage influences infiltration and surface runoff and is thus an important factor in the erosion process. Tile drainage reduces surface runoff, but questions abound on its influence on sediment transport through its dense network and into the stream network. The impact of subsurface tiling on upland erosion rates in the Le Sueur River watershed, USA, was assessed using the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model. Six different scenarios of tile drainage with varying drainage coefficient and management type (no till and autumn mulch-till) were evaluated. The mean annual surface runoff depth, soil loss rate and sediment delivery ratio (SDR) for croplands, based on a 30-year simulation for the watershed with untiled autumn mulch-till (Scenario 1), were estimated to be 83.5 mm, 0.27 kg/m² and 86.7%, respectively; on no-till management systems (Scenario 4), the respective results were 72.3 mm, 0.06 kg/m² and 88.2%. Tile drains reduced surface runoff, soil loss and SDR estimates for Scenario 1 by, on average, 14.5, 8.1 and 7.9%, respectively; and for Scenario 4 by an estimated 31.5, 22.1 and 20.2%, respectively. The impact of tile drains on surface runoff, soil loss and SDR was greater under the no-till management system than under the autumn mulch-till management system. Comparison of WEPP outputs with those of the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) showed differences between the two methods.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz

Citation Maalim, F.K. and Melesse. A.M., 2013. Modelling impacts of subsurface drainage on surface runoff and sediment yield in the Le Sueur Watershed in Minnesota, USA. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (3), 570–586.     

山西省不同地貌形态类型区土地覆被变化的GIS分析

基于全国1:100万数字地貌数据库,全国2000、2005、2010年土地覆被数据和山西省行政区边界数据,采用土地覆被动态度、转移概率矩阵和地貌面积频度方法,分析了2000-2010年山西省基本地貌形态类型下的土地覆被变化。结果表明：（1）山西省的土地覆被类型以耕地、林地和草地为主,面积总和占省域面积的95%以上。面积变化的总体趋势是耕地和草地缩减,林地和建设用地持续增加。通过分析转移概率矩阵,表明2000-2005年和2005-2010年2个时段内,土地利用的主要转化趋势相似,即林地与草地之间大面积的相互转化,耕地、草地分别与建设用地之间的相互转化。（2）耕地和建设用地的分布,随着起伏度的增大而逐渐减小。林地分布随着起伏度的增加而逐步增大。从面积变化来看,耕地、林地和草地变化主要位于中起伏山地;水域变化主要集中在大起伏山地;建设用地变化主要分布于平原和台地;未利用地变化主要在小起伏山地。从动态度来看,耕地、草地和水域动态度,在大起伏山地地区最大;林地动态度在平原区最大;建设用地的动态度最大位于丘陵;未利用地在小起伏山地地区最大。（3）土地覆被类型之间的主要转化在地貌上也存着差异。平原地区林地的增加主要来自草地转化。台地和丘陵地区3个主要转化类型相似,2000-2005年主要是林地向草地退化,2005-2010年主要是林地和草地的相互转化。在小起伏山地地区,主要是草地和林地之间的相互转化,但草地转化为林地的面积较林地向草地的转化多。中起伏和大起伏山地地区主要以草地和耕地向林地的转化为主,也有较高比例的建设用地转化为林地。封山育林和退耕还林主要是在起伏较大的山地地区,毁林主要发生在地形平缓地区。     

苍山县工业用地招拍挂出让探析

为促进土地市场的健康有序发展,提高工业用地利用率,充分发挥工业用地招拍挂出让在市场配置资源的基础性作用,在对苍山县工业用地招拍挂出让制度实施情况进行认真调查基础上,针对工业用地招拍挂出让中存在的问题及背后的制度根源,提出完善工业用地招拍挂出让的对策与建议。     

Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples

Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program （GGP）, which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian （in Chongqing Municipality） and Ansai （in Shaanxi Province） were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.     

浙西北江山─绍兴断裂带构造演化特征

江山—绍兴断裂带是中国南方最重要的构造带之一。它是江南陆块与华夏陆块神功运动形成的碰撞拼贴带。它表现出明显的多期变形、构造叠加的特征：神功运动形成近东西向平卧褶皱；印支运动沿断裂带有向北西强烈的推覆挤压。断裂带不同时期的活动反映了不同特征的构造环境，形成不同的构造变形特征，并对两侧的地质历史具有明显的控制作用。     

长江三峡库区(奉节-巴东段)移民工程遥感动态监测

在长江三峡库区移民工程中 ,我们采用 ETM+、SPOT、IKONOS等多源、多时相、多分辨率航天、航空遥感数据组合 ,监测移民工程的动态变化 ,通过对库区奉节 -巴东段移民搬迁建与安置、新开发用地分布、土地利用与土地结构变化、地质灾害及衍生地质灾害与防治、库区环境及生态平衡与改善经济结构以及移民工程遥感动态监测等 ,取得突破性进展 ,获取了一批重要成果。为三峡移民工程进一步全面、安全地实施、改进规划管理工作及库区经济可持续发展 ,提供了科学依据和决策性建议。