基于二十面体剖分格网的球面实体表达与Voronoi图生成

在分析当前球面空间数据结构的基础上,讨论了利用Snyder等积投影在二十面体上建立球面空间基础剖分方式的思路,然后在初始投影面上采用六边形格网进行层次细分,获得多分辨率的全球铺盖。提出了基于六边形格网的三叶节点管理与瓦片编码的基本思路,确立了球面不同实体的六边形格网表达模式。在此基础上,提出了基于球面六边形铺盖的Voronoi图生成算法,实验验证了算法的正确性与效率。     

叶片水分含量光谱响应变化研究

植被光谱反射或发射特性是化学和形态学特征决定的,这种特性与植被发育、健康状态、含水量、叶绿素含量密切相关,植物的水分胁迫状况能够在光谱反射率数据中有所体现。本文通过实验研究野外活体植物叶片和采集下的叶片随着水分流失波谱曲线变化的规律,并发现随不同的叶片水分损失率,红边、与红边相关的参数及波形呈现不同的变化。     

Stable carbon isotope composition of terrestrial leaves: inter‐ and intraspecies variability,cellulose and whole‐leaf tissue difference,and potential for climate reconstruction

Stable carbon isotope analysis of terrestrial plant leaves preserved in Quaternary lake sediments has the potential to provide high‐resolution reconstructions of past climatic conditions. Preferably, δ¹³C measurements should be made on a single leaf component, e.g. cellulose, but this approach is often precluded by limited leaf availability. Previous work suggests that reliable palaeoclimatic information also may be derived from δ¹³C measurements on whole‐leaf tissue, given a similar degree of leaf decomposition between samples. Leaf δ¹³C data for 12 Scandinavian species of dwarf‐shrubs, shrubs and trees, and a comparison of δ¹³C data on recent and late Holocene Salix herbacea leaves, revealed that the δ¹³C signal registered by holocellulose is largely reflected by measurements on whole‐leaf tissue. Holocellulose was found to be consistently enriched in ¹³C, although this δ¹³C offset was smaller for subfossil leaves. This supports the use of δ¹³C measurements on whole‐leaf tissue for climate reconstruction, at least for leaves preserved in soft, late Holocene sediments with minimal diagenetic effects. Leaf carbon and nitrogen data on fresh leaves of the same 12 Scandinavian species, and corresponding data on late Holocene Salix herbacea leaves, suggest that the leaf C:N ratio is a suitable indicator of the degree of leaf decomposition. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.), huisache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) and catclaw (Mimosa biuncifera Benth.) and their effect on dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in soils of the semi-arid highlands of Durango Mexico

In the northern semiarid and arid part of Mexico, mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (SW.) DC.), huisache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.) and catclaw (Mimosa biuncifera Benth.), N₂-fixing trees or shrubs, dominate the landscape. It is unknown, however, how much the leaves of those shrubs contribute to dynamics of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil. We investigated this by adding leaves of each species to soil sampled under the canopy of mesquite, huisache, and catclaw and outside their canopy while monitoring production of carbon dioxide (CO₂), and dynamics of inorganic N (ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃⁻)) in an aerobic incubation. The (hemi)cellulose and N content of the catclaw leaves was lower and the lignin and polyphenol content was larger than in the mesquite and huisache leaves. If we considered no priming effect, then 41% of the C added with catclaw leaves, 47% with huisache leaves and 49% with mesquite leaves mineralized within 42 days. The addition of the leaves had little or no effect on N mineralized, and only 6% of organic N of the mesquite leaves was mineralized. It was found that catclaw, huisache and mesquite have a positive effect on the arid and semi-arid ecosystems as they increased soil organic matter and soil N content.     

A generalized layered radiative transfer model in the vegetation canopy

In this paper, a generalized layered model for radiation transfer in canopy with high vertical resolution is developed. Differing from the two-stream approximate radiation transfer model commonly used in the land surface models, the generalized model takes into account the effect of complicated canopy morphology and inhomogeneous optical properties of leaves on radiation transfer within the canopy. In the model, the total leaf area index （LAI） of the canopy is divided into many layers. At a given layer, the influences of diffuse radiation angle distributions and leaf angle distributions on radiation transfer within the canopy are considered. The derivation of equations serving the model are described in detail, and these can deal with various diffuse radiation transfers in quite broad categories of canopy with quite inhomogeneons vertical structures and uneven leaves with substantially different optical properties of adaxial and abaxial faces of the leaves. The model is used to simulate the radiation transfer for canopies with horizontal leaves to validate the generalized model. Results from the model are compared with those from the two-stream scheme, and differences between these two models are discussed.     

Salviniales from the Late Cretaceous of the Golfo San Jorge Basin

The freshwater ferns (Salviniales) are well represented in the Maastrichtian deposits of Cerro de los Fragmentos in the headwaters of the Río Chico, Golfo San Jorge Basin. The fossil material of Salviniaceae includes complete megaspore apparatuses with attached microspore massulae and dispersed megaspores, float systems and microspore massulae of Azolla. The new species Azolla colhuehuapensis displays distinctive morphological characters including relative small megaspore apparatuses with easily detached floats and usually attached eglochidiate massulae. The Marsileaceae are represented by the megaspore Molaspora lobata, microspores of Crybelosporites and vegetative remains of Marsileaceaephyllum sp. The assemblage also includes zygospores of the green filamentous algae Zygnemataceae, spores of Marchantiophyta and Monilophyta (Schizaeales), megaspores of Isoetalean affinity and Palm-type angiosperm pollen grains. All these organic microfossils and the associated palynomorphs indicate the presence of a freshwater environment where abundant water ferns were developing and reproducing.     

Deterioration of eelgrass,Zostera marina L., meadows by water pollution in Seto Inland Sea,Japan

Survival of transplanted Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) and environmental conditions (water quality, bottom sediments, sedimentation on leaves and flow regime) were studied concurrently in the center, edge, and at the outside of a eelgrass meadow located in a eutrophic coastal zone in northern Hiroshima Bay, Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Eelgrass transplants at the outside of the meadow declined significantly, whereas those at the center were consistently well established. Silt content in the bottom sediments at the outside was higher than that at the center. The sediment was oxic from the surface to 2 cm deep at the center, whereas those at the edge and the outside were reductive almost from the surface. The sediment characteristics typical in eutrophic water seemed to be a factor responsible for the deterioration of eelgrass meadows. Although suspended solid concentrations in the water columns were almost the same, the amount of sediments deposited on leaves of eelgrass at the outside was higher than that at the center of the meadow. The amount of the deposition at the outside seems to be enough to inhibit photosynthesis; i.e. photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) available for eelgrass was only 36% of that without any deposition. The deposition in the center, however, was small enough to allow 84% of the original PPFD. Flow rates, determined at 30 cm above the bottom, a half height of average eelgrass, suggested that the rate at the outside was not enough to remove deposited sediments from the surface of eelgrass leaves. Thus, the large amount of sediment deposition caused by water pollution and/or eutrophication seemed to be another factor to inhibit the survival of eelgrass at the outside edge of the meadow.     

不同地质条件下植物叶片中钙形态对比研究——以贵州茂兰为例

贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区是全球亚热带地区少有的岩溶森林区,对其进行岩溶生态系统研究具有重要意义。本文选择保护区岩溶区(石灰岩、白云岩)板寨地下河流域、非岩溶区(砂岩、页岩区)尧排流域,对不同地质条件下植物叶片中钙形态进行对比研究;采集岩溶区、非岩溶区植物品种各13种,其中岩溶区、非岩溶区特有植物品种各6种,分析其叶片中钙质总量、形态及分布部位(亚细胞组分)。结果显示:1)岩溶区植物叶片钙质含量平均为1216.82 mg/kg,比非岩溶区高出58.45%;2)岩溶区嗜钙型植物叶片中钙以果胶酸钙形态为主,其含量占总钙质量的27.91%~32.82%;而非岩溶区嫌钙型植物叶片中的钙以草酸钙形态为主,占总钙质量的33.69%~34.34%;3)岩溶区嗜钙型植物叶片中的钙主要赋存在细胞壁中,占总钙质的59.05%~66.54%,而非岩溶区嫌钙型植物叶片中的钙主要赋存在胞质中,占总钙质的36.67%~43.77%。     

基于空间特征的蚀变信息提取研究

为了实现在植被覆盖区提取蚀变信息,本文依据地物波谱理论,结合研究区地质控矿构造特征,分析特征数据空间载荷因子特征和工作区内已知矿床、矿点及矿化点附近异常色调的不同空间特征的灰度值,以及异常色调的空间特征分布概率,建立适合北方落叶时相多光谱数据的多元统计蚀变信息提取模型。该模型成功地应用于吉林省东部小西南岔地表植被严重区蚀变信息提取研究,取得较好的效果。     

深圳福田几种红树植物繁殖体与不同发育阶段叶片热值研究

对深圳福田红树林区的秋茄 (Kandelia candel)、木榄 (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、桐花树 (Aegiceras corniculatum)、无瓣海桑 (Sonneratia apetala)、海漆 (Excoecaria agallocha)、银叶树 (Heritiera littoralis)不同发育阶段叶片以及秋茄、木榄、桐花树、无瓣海桑、海漆繁殖体的灰分含量和热值进行研究.结果表明( 1)不同发育阶段叶片的灰分含量变化趋势没有一定的规律性, 6种红树植物中老叶灰分含量均不是最低;植物繁殖体的灰分含量低于成熟叶;( 2)秋茄、无瓣海桑、木榄、桐花树繁殖体的干质量热值和去灰分热值基本上低于不同发育阶段叶片,而海漆繁殖体的干质量热值和去灰分热值高于不同发育阶段叶片;( 3) 6种红树植物不同发育阶段叶片的干质量热值与灰分含量具有极显著的线性负相关( P<0.01),不同发育阶段叶片和繁殖体的干质量热值与灰分含量具有显著线性负相关( P<0.05).