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151.
The impact of modifications of the surface characteristics on local climate is simulated with a numerical mesoscale model in the Yangtze delta region, east of China. The simulated reference case with the current surface properties shows that there is urban heat island in Shanghai city which is located in the center of this region. The mod-ifications of surface characteristics due to the urbanization around Shanghai will lead to the change of local air circu-lation and redistribution of surface temperature. Simulation for this case shows that the urbanization around Shanghai has little effect on Shanghai, but will extend the area of heat island. Another case is assumed that the area of grassland is kept as 50% while the urban areas are extended. Compared with the case of pure urbanization, the max-imum reduction of surface air temperature is 2.0oC in the daytime and 2.3oC at night. 相似文献
152.
O. lvarez B. Tejedor L. Tejedor B. A. Kagan 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,58(4):805-812
The response of Cádiz Bay to sea-breeze wind stress and tidal boundary forcing—individually and in combination—is studied using a 2D depth-averaged, non-linear, high-resolution hydrodynamic model. Linear superposition of the solution for the K1 and S1 constituents, like the solution obtained with an allowance for both the input functions together, is shown to give rise to a modulation of the K1 tidal dynamics. It is precisely this modulation which is responsible for the observed seasonal variations in the K1 tidal constants in Cádiz Bay. 相似文献
153.
In this study we evaluate recently proposed scaling relations for the sea-breeze strength using independent data for a relatively homogeneous area in The Netherlands. We show that several of the scaling relations in the literature incorporate hidden correlation. Furthermore, it appears that the estimate for the sea-breeze strength is better made on the basis of the time-integrated rather than of the instantaneous sensible heat flux. It also turns out that for similar forcing the sea breeze in The Netherlands is about twice as strong as the sea breeze in the Vancouver area of Canada. 相似文献
154.
155.
利用WRF模式探讨了两种近地层参数化方案(MM5方案和Eta方案)对2013年5月31日海南岛一次海风降水过程模拟的影响.结果表明,改变近地层方案可对当地的海风环流及相应的降水特征产生明显影响,两个试验最重要的差别主要体现在模拟的海风及降水的强度差异上,与MM5试验相比,Eta试验的低层海风及辐合程度更强,相应的降水也更强,表现为岛屿总格点降水量、大于10mm的降水区域、最大格点降水三个量化指标均比较大.通过分析两种方案在不同降水阶段的地表通量及近地层变量场,发现Eta试验模拟的降水前环境场更有利于对流的启动,随着午后热力湍流的不断增强,将MM5方案替换为Eta方案可使近地层感热通量、潜热通量分别增加约3.57%、5.65%,动量通量减小约10.79%,感热、潜热的增加使Eta试验中近地层大气的加热加湿作用更加明显,相应的低层大气不稳定度更高,再配合海风锋前较强的辐合上升运动,局地不稳定能量的释放变的更加容易,因此降水强度更大. 相似文献
156.
157.
Diurnal sea breeze effects on inner-shelf cross-shore exchange 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cross-shore exchange by strong (cross-shore wind stress, τsx>0.05 Pa) diurnal (7–25 h) sea breeze events are investigated using two years of continuous wind, wave, and ocean velocity profiles in 13 m water depth on the inner-shelf in Marina, Monterey bay, California. The diurnal surface wind stress, waves, and currents have spectral peaks at 1, 2, and 3 cpd and the diurnal variability represents about 50% of the total variability. During sea breeze relaxation (−0.05<τsx<0.05 Pa), a background wave-driven inner-shelf Eulerian undertow profile exists, which is equal and opposite to the Lagrangian Stokes drift profile, resulting in a net zero Lagrangian transport at depth. In the presence of a sea breeze (τsx>0.05 Pa), a uniform offshore profile develops that is different from the background undertow profile allowing cross-shore Lagrangian transport to develop, while including Lagrangian Stokes drift. The diurnal cross-shore current response is similar to subtidal (>25 h) cross-shore current response, as found by Fewings et al. (2008). The seasonality of waves and winds modify the diurnal sea breeze impact. It is suggested that material is not transported cross-shore except during sea breeze events owing to near zero transport during relaxation periods. During sea breeze events, cross-shore exchange of material appears to occur onshore near the surface and offshore near the sea bed. Since sea breeze events last for a few hours, the long-term cross-shore transport is incremental each day. 相似文献
158.
本文基于海陆风环流的形成机制,在研究分析海陆风环流形成的物理模型基础上,建立了海陆风环流的数学模型。根据此基础,以大连地区海陆风环流为计算实例,模拟了海陆风形成的压力场、速度场、温度场和湍流动能场的日变化及太阳辐射日变化的过程地面的能量变化及导致的湍流动能的变化,预测出海陆风环流的水平湍流扩散系数和动量、温度和湍流动能的垂直湍流扩散系数,为求解海陆风中的污染物扩散浓度以进行环境污染损失评价提供参考。应用此模型,对大连地区的海陆风环流进行了数值模拟,定性与定量地给出了海陆风场中的速度、压力、温度及湍流动能分布情况和主要参数值。结果表明,海陆风环流的大气压力场局地日变化较小,温度场变化较明显。在中午前后,动量、温度和湍流动能的垂直扩散系数达到了最大值。模拟结果与其他文献模拟结果的对比表明,本文建立的模型模拟与实验的结果相符,但预测精度仍需要进一步检验。 相似文献
159.
160.
利用WRF-Noah耦合中尺度模式对海南岛2012年7月5日的多云海风个例进行三维高分辨率数值模拟,重点分析多云天气条件下复杂地形区域的海风环流结构及其演变特征。通过观测资料与模拟结果的对比发现,WRF模式能够合理地模拟出岛屿四周的海风演变特征。与少云海风日相似,多云海风日中全岛海风于12时开始形成,15时海风发展最为强盛,影响范围最广,18时全岛海风的辐合程度最强,海风辐合区是主要的潜在降水区域。对比山区与平坦地区的海风环流发现,山区海风环流强盛期为13—18时,而平坦地区海风环流强盛期为15—18时。复杂的山地对海风环流结构有直接和间接的影响:一方面在山地地形动力阻挡和抬升作用下,海风环流变得更加清晰完整,间接延长了海风环流的维持时间;另一方面局地地形热力作用形成的谷风环流与海风几乎同时产生和消亡,两者汇合后,谷风的瞬间加强会引起海风锋锋消,瞬间减弱会引起海风锋锋生;两者同相叠加会使得海风环流结构更加完整。相比之下,平坦地区的海风受到的地形动力和热力作用小,海风水平分布比较规则,海风环流垂直结构的变化主要取决于不同方向海风之间的相互作用。 相似文献