华南沿海地区车载风廓线雷达资料的分析与应用

对系统风较小时车载风廓线雷达探测资料与气球探空资料进行了对比, 发现二者一致性较好, 并应用车载风廓线雷达探测资料分析了探测期间惠来海陆风的空间结构和时间演替规律。同时分析了车载风廓线雷达探 测到的“灿都”台风资料, 结果表明车载风廓线雷达对台风外围下沉气流区高空风的三维结构有较强的探测能 力, 能有效地探测到台风登陆过程中地面到高空的水平风切变和垂直气流切变过程, 有助于提高沿海地区防台风抗台风能力。     

Impact of the Rhône and Durance valleys on sea-breeze circulation in the Marseille area

Sea-breeze dynamics in the Marseille area, in the south of France, is investigated in the framework of the ESCOMPTE experiment conducted during summer 2001 in order to evaluate the role of thermal circulations on pollutant transport and ventilation. Under particular attention in this paper is the sea-breeze channelling by the broad Rhône valley and the narrow Durance valley, both oriented nearly-north–south, i.e., perpendicular to the coastline, and its possible impact on the sea-breeze penetration, intensity and depth, which are key information for air pollution issues. One situation of slight synoptic pressure gradient leading to a northerly flow in the Rhône valley (25 June 2001) and one situation of a weak onshore prevailing synoptic wind (26 June 2001) are compared. The impact of the Rhône and Durance valleys on the sea-breeze dynamics on these two typical days is generalized to the whole ESCOMPTE observing period.The present study shows by combining simple scaling analysis with wind data from meteorological surface stations and Doppler lidars that (i) the Durance valley always affects the sea breeze by accelerating the flow. A consequence is that the Durance valley contributes to weaken the temperature gradient along the valley and thus the sea-breeze circulation. In some cases, the acceleration of the channelled flow in the Durance valley suppresses the sea-breeze flow by temperature gradient inhibition; (ii) the Rhône valley does not generally affect the sea breeze significantly. However, if the sea breeze is combined with an onshore flow, it leads to further penetration inland and intensification of the low-level southerly flow. In this situation, lateral constriction may accelerate the sea breeze. Simple scaling analysis suggests that Saint Paul (44.35°N, about 100 km from the coastline) is the lower limit where sea breeze can be affected by the Rhône valley. These conclusions have implications in air quality topics as channelled sea breeze may advect far inland pollutants which may be incorporated into long-range transport, particularly in the Durance valley.     

台湾海峡海陆风数值模式与数值模拟试验

研制了一个包括水平及垂直扩散、牛顿冷却的二维46层非弹性运动方程组的台湾海峡海陆风数值模式,并用此模式来模拟及研究台湾海峡两岸海陆风的生成与变化特征.模式中考虑了太阳辐射、长波辐射及其日变化、地表向大气的感热与潜热输送以及向土壤层的热传导等.数值计算中采用了分解算法及隐式时间差分方案.用此模式得出的模拟结果与闽东南及台湾海陆风的观测事实比较吻合,表明了此模式能够较好地描述海峡两岸的海陆风变化规律.     

三峡坝区的地面风场与大气扩散气候特征

利用三峡坝区4个气象站和宜昌站的地面观测资料，统计了各站多年、逐年、分季平均风速和风向频率，揭示了地面风场若干气候特征，提出了坝区典型风场模型；并通过分析各站多年、分季联合频率，对坝区大气扩散的气候特点与能力做了初步评价。     

南海南部海区的强风和大风特征分析

强风和大风天气在南海南部海区出现较频繁，据1984年起综合考察及永暑礁站等周边站资料分析，天气过程的持续时间差异；冬、夏季风盛行期间常出现强风和大风天气过程；热带云团对流易产生强风和大风天气；邻近海区热带气旋环流等天气系统对海区内风力增强起重要作用。     

胶东半岛地区海陆风特征

该文分析了海上长岛站与其相邻的龙口，蓬莱，烟台，牟平等沿海站气温的日变化差异与胶东半岛地区海陆风的关系。结果表明，胶东半岛海陆风向昼夜发生反向转换与海陆间因下垫面性质不同，受热不均产生的温度日变化差异是一致的；半岛地区海陆风昼夜风向反向转换一年四季都存在，并且有明显的规律，海陆风转换时间早晚及持续时间和长短随季节而豪华。     

辽东半岛西岸海陆风及热内边界层的观测研究

应用１９９３年在辽东半岛西岸进行的现场观测试验资料，对该地出现海陆风及热内边界层进行了分析研究，得到了该地海陆风在各个月份出现的频率、海风起止时间、海风伸向内陆的距离等，同时还得到了热内边界层的高度随离海岸距离改变的规律。     

从预报角度探讨乌鞘岭山区大气温差成因*

利用2009年7月—2015年12月河西走廊东部乌鞘岭和天祝逐时气温、日照、地面2 min风场及每隔6 h云量资料,详细分析乌鞘岭山区大气温差、云量特征的时间变化及其预报关系,旨在提高天祝最低气温的预报准确率。结果表明:冬季08时气温乌鞘岭高于天祝的频率超过50%,温差强度达4~6℃;春夏季5—9月气温乌鞘岭高于天祝的频率低于40%,温差强度较弱在2℃以下。云量中夜间至清晨(02—8时)少,傍晚较多;5—9月较多,冬季较少。天空状况除冬季晴天多,出现频率高于50%外,其它季节阴天较多,晴天次之,多云较少,不足20%。乌鞘岭谷风多,而天祝山风多。气温乌鞘岭高于天祝的频率和强度与云量、山谷风、太阳照射时间、季节和天气系统密切相关。晴天和阴雨天气报准,天祝最低气温预报准确率最多可能提高30%,晴天报准时预报准确率最多可提高10%以上。     

Numerical studies on urban heat island associated with urbanization in yangtze delta region

The impact of modifications of the surface characteristics on local climate is simulated with a numerical mesoscale model in the Yangtze delta region, east of China. The simulated reference case with the current surface properties shows that there is urban heat island in Shanghai city which is located in the center of this region. The mod-ifications of surface characteristics due to the urbanization around Shanghai will lead to the change of local air circu-lation and redistribution of surface temperature. Simulation for this case shows that the urbanization around Shanghai has little effect on Shanghai, but will extend the area of heat island. Another case is assumed that the area of grassland is kept as 50% while the urban areas are extended. Compared with the case of pure urbanization, the max-imum reduction of surface air temperature is 2.0oC in the daytime and 2.3oC at night.     

Conditional Wavelet Technique Applied to Aircraft Data Measured in the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer During Sea-Breeze Events

We describe a wavelet-based technique to determine the spectral turbulentcontribution to the vertical flux of sensible heat in a position-wavelength representation. This technique combines awavelet transform (Morlet wavelet) with conditional sampling. We apply this methodto aircraft datacollected during a sea-breeze circulation (BEMA97 experiment) with heterogeneousturbulence conditions horizontally and vertically as well. The turbulent fluxes are analysed with the conditional wavelet techniqueas a function of the wavelength and the horizontal distance.The turbulent processes within the thermal internal boundary layer associatedwith the sea breeze are clearly identified. The results exhibit the wavelength bands through which the upward flux (originating fromthe surface) and the downward flux (originating from the top of theboundary layer) are important.