Soil and plant composition in the Noun river catchment basin,Western Cameroon: a contribution to the development of a biogeochemical baseline

Soils and selected edible plants of the Noun river catchment basin of western Cameroon were sampled to investigate the distribution of trace elements, based on the preliminary idea of unusual anomalies. Analytical techniques for trace elements included ICP-AES, GF-AAS, and ICP-MS. Further soil analyses comprised the mineralogy and contents of the biogenic elements carbon, nitrogen and sulphur (CNS). The trace element concentrations in the soils reflect those of the lithogeochemical background of the pluto-volcanic rocks of the region. This is consistent with the results from the mineralogical analyses and physicochemical parameters such as pH, taken in the field, which also do not suggest any geochemical anomaly. Most trace elements analyzed in the plants showed concentrations that reflect those of the soils (Al, Fe, Ti, and Rb). However, some trace elements were enriched in the plants as compared to the soils, such as Zn, Cu, Cd, Mo (excluding yam), Ni (peanut), Ba (peanut), Sr (peanut, bean), and B. Trace elements such as As, Cr, V, and Se were not bioavailable for all the analyzed plants. Besides, trace elements such as Cu, Zn, Mo, Fe, Al, Ni, B, Ti, Rb, Cs, and Ba were in the range of phytotoxicity and reached or exceeded human food tolerance level (Cu). The plants with seeds showed a higher absorption of trace elements compared to plants with tubercles.     

柳沟灌区水盐动态预测的研究

在研究和分析柳沟灌区地质结构和水盐运移特征的基础上，建立预测地在积盐规律的耦合模型。在模型中，以溶质运移的随机传输函数模型描述地位积盐过程，以确定性模型刻划含水层系统的内部特征，用该模型预测不同水位埋深条件下不同时期地表积盐量，为该区设计地下水最佳开采方案和改造盐碱地措施奠定了基础。     

辽东湾北部潜山走滑转换带特征及其对规模性储层的控制

潜山走滑转换带在渤海海域发育较为广泛,但其发育特征及控储作用研究薄弱。利用钻井、测井、三维地震等各类资料,对辽东湾北部地区构造转换带发育特征、成因机制及其对潜山规模型储层控制作用进行分析。研究认为,燕山末期左旋走滑背景下,辽东湾北部潜山发育多种类型转换带;根据走滑断层的相互作用以及转换带的形态,可以将辽东湾北部潜山转换带分为单支弯曲型和双支叠覆型两种类型;根据局部应力状态可以进一步细分为单支反“S”型、单支“S”型、双支左旋右阶以及双支左旋左阶转换带4个亚类,其中单支反“S”型和双支左旋右阶型转换带属增压型转换带,单支“S”型和双支左旋左阶型转换带属释压型走滑转换带。增压型走滑转换带提供的压扭性动力破碎作用使得潜山发育大规模裂缝型储集层,是潜山规模型储层发育的关键。     

应用信息熵方法对区域地下水观测网的优化研究

数据冗余是观测网优化需要解决的主要问题之一, 冗余数据既造成数据噪音又增加观测网运行成本.减少数据冗余的主要手段是减少观测孔的数量, 但前提是不影响原有观测网提供信息的能力.作者基于信息熵概念和随机技术的结合, 提出了一种优化观测孔数量的方法, 这种方法的基本原理是利用信息熵理论来评价每一个观测孔数据信息含量大小, 计算观测网中每一对观测孔之间的信息流交换, 并建立观测孔之间信息传递与距离的统计关系, 这种关系是判断冗余性观测孔的基础.这种方法被用来优化河北平原区域地下水观测网, 不仅解决了数量问题, 同时也可确定具体冗余性观测孔.最后结果对比证明, 将河北平原地下水观测孔的数量减少2 6%, 几乎没有影响现有观测网提供数据信息的能力.      

挤压域构造变换带内部构造类型研究——以准噶尔盆地南缘中段构造变换带为例

挤压域构造变换带的类型前人有许多分类方法,文章从分析构造变换带的基本特征入手,结合准噶尔盆地南缘中段地区地质构造特点,初步划分出红车—巴音沟传递带、乌鲁木齐—阿克苏传递带、然热克萨依调节带、玛纳斯调节带。     

火成岩中的麻粒岩相捕虏体研究新进展及其对认识地壳生长与演化的意义

火成岩中的麻粒岩相捕虏体主要分为基性熔体捕虏体，酸性变质火成岩捕虏体与变质沉积岩捕虏体。麻粒岩相捕虏体的锆石离子探针年龄与上地壳花岗岩的侵位年龄，造山运动时代基本一致。基性熔体的下垫作用是地壳生长的一种重要方式，并且代表了一种有效的幔向壳的物质与能量迁移。地下壳部分熔与麻粒岩相变质作用是壳内分异的重要途径。     

夯实水泥土桩复合地基共同作用的试验研究

为研究夯实水泥土桩复合地基中桩体、垫层、地基土的共同作用及其工作性状,进行了不同桩长、不同配比单桩载荷试验,不同桩长的单桩及四桩复合地基载荷试验,不同面积置换率的9桩复合地基载荷试验。通过专门的测试元件对复合地基中的地基土反力分布、桩侧摩阻力等进行测定。根据试验结果分析了复合地基破坏模式,探讨了桩体、垫层、地基土的相互作用特性。对地基土反力分布特征、桩土荷载分担比、桩土应力比、单桩及复合地基中桩侧摩阻力分布特征等进行了研究。     

‘Bedload’ dynamics: Grain impacts,momentum transfer and derivation of a grain froude number

A test is proposed for Bagnold's postulate that the normal weight stress due to moving ‘bedload’ is balanced by a solid transmitted stress due to the rate of change of momentum produced by grain impacts on unit area of the stationary bed. The test involves derivation of an expression for normal momentum transfer due to saltating grains at moderate transport stages when grain-to-grain collisions and partial suspension during saltation may be ignored. A dimensionless number, Φ, (a grain Froude Number) is derived, given by ū²/g where ū is the mean grain forward velocity, g is the gravitational acceleration and L? is the length of a single saltation ‘jump’. Equilibrium demands that Φ be unity during bedload transport involving saltating grains if Bagnold's postulate is correct. Experimental data shows Φ < 1, the discrepancy between theory and experiment being due to the existence of lift forces acting upon bedload grains. Bagnold's postulate is correct for concentrated dispersions of grains, as in grain flows, when fluid lift forces may be neglected due to high particle concentration.     

Synrift stratigraphic geometry in a transfer zone coarse-grained delta complex, Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea

The Gojusan fan delta is a coarse‐grained delta complex on the western margin of the Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea. The deposits consist of five facies associations (FA): alluvial‐fan conglomerates (FA I), shallow‐marine mouth‐bar sandstones (FA II), fluvial and mouth‐bar conglomerates (FA III), Gilbert‐type foreset conglomerates (FA IV) and hemipelagic mudstones (FA V). Different facies associations characterize the northern, central and southern parts of the delta complex. To the north, FA IV is laterally juxtaposed with FA I or the basement, with scarp‐derived breccias along the contact. Centrally, and to the south, FA I is laterally juxtaposed with FA II, with an abrupt facies change and local inliers of basement rocks along the contact. Early alluvial fan and mouth‐bar deposits are overlain by the topset (FA III) and truncated by the foreset (FA IV) of a Gilbert‐type delta in the central part of the fan delta complex, whereas FA II passes transitionally upward into FA III in the south, with the latter extending basinward into a gently inclined shoal water delta front. Gilbert‐type and shoal‐water geometries are therefore developed in the same delta complex. The composite delta geometry is interpreted as reflecting (1) its development near an extensional transfer zone where the hangingwall relief was variable over short distances along strike, and (2) the operation of intrabasinal faults. This interpretation contrasts with previous studies that viewed the delta complex as having formed along a pull‐apart basin margin.     

粉喷桩复合地基的数值计算分析

结合粉喷桩复合地基的特点，提出采用过渡层模拟桩接触面的思路，进行了轴对称Biot固结有限元计算分析。与实测资料对比表明，可较好地揭示粉喷桩复合地基的荷载传递规律和沉降变形特性。通过对加固区和下卧层的应力计算分析，揭示了粉喷桩复合地基的附加应力场的分布特性，说明所采用的计算方法是合理可行的。