基于综合城镇化视角的省际人口迁移格局空间分析

采用第五、第六次全国人口普查数据,基于流出、流入“双向”视角解析人口迁移格局及演变过程;采用空间计量模型,阐释综合城镇化及各城镇化分量值对省际人口迁移影响的空间效应。研究结果表明：① 2000~2010年省际人口迁移量成倍增长,人口迁出区域空间不断扩散,迁入区域空间虽无明显变化,但内部差异性变化明显;② 省际人口迁移存在明显的空间依赖性特征,省际人口净迁入率变化明显受周边地区的正向影响;③ 综合城镇化率变化对省际人口迁入有着重要作用。④ 人口、经济和土地城镇化率变化对人口净迁入率变化具有显著影响,且经济城镇化仍为影响省际人口迁移变化的主导因素;社会城镇化率的影响并不明显。     

秦岭国家自然保护区“生态贫民”劳动力转移模式研究

通过问卷调查法对秦岭国家自然保护区内"生态贫民"剩余劳动力现状及其原因进行了调查。现阶段制约秦岭保护区内"生态贫民"劳动力实现有效转移的因素主要包括:"生态贫民"整体受教育程度与职业技能水平相对较低,针对"生态贫民"的帮扶力度较差,推动秦岭保护区内"生态贫民"实现有效转移的政策不完善等。可持续发展模式为解决"生态贫民"剩余劳动力问题提供了一种新的视角,建议秦岭国家自然保护区内劳动力转移应综合分析中国市场的承受力、岗位的基本需求、政府的财政支持与政策支持能力等影响因素,以推动自然保护区内剩余劳动力转移模式的形成,实现剩余劳动力的充分转移与就业。     

Failing to Grow "Their" Own Justice? The Co-Production of Racial/Gendered Labor and Milwaukee's Urban Forest

Little attention is paid to the ways that labor market inequalities within urban institutions enforce governance regimes that (re)produce urban environmental unevenness. Milwaukee's Bureau of Forestry is one such institution that has historically been dependent on state-sanctioned labor market inequalities to perpetuate an explicitly White/male regime of environmental governance and production. Historically, the Bureau's management employed and promoted very few African Americans and women within its arboricultural workforce, based on its racist and gendered categories of laboring individuals. Furthermore, and for identical reasons, these workers—and by extension their communities—face distributional injustices as they are not allowed to channel their labors into the production of equitable and/or alternative forms of urban forests more suitable to their own social reproduction. This paper investigates the changing relations between Milwaukee's Bureau of Forestry and its African American and female employees as they attempt to legally (re)articulate their laboring identities and capabilities within a disempowering institution. We use in-depth interviews and archival materials to show that the Bureau of Forestry has consequently been forced to publicly confront its racist/patriarchal legacy in light of two recent high-profile lawsuits and an ambassadors program. We conclude by discussing how changes that allow some African Americans and women to work in Milwaukee's urban forest have affected the Bureau of Forestry and potentially the forest itself.     

The mechanism of farmland marginalization in Chinese mountainous areas: Evidence from cost and return changes

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Farmland marginalization has become the main trend of land-use change in the mountainous areas of China. Using annual survey data of major agricultural production...     

FDI对我国劳动力就业的影响

自上世纪90年代起,我国劳动就业问题日趋严重。劳动力总量供大于求,隐性失业和显性失业并存,结构性和区域性就业矛盾突出。积极有效地治理和解决就业问题已成为政府的当务之急。本文把FDI作为应对严峻的就业问题的有效措施之一,探讨了我国城乡严峻的劳动力就业压力,FDI的飞速发展及其对劳动力就业的重要贡献,加入WTO后FDI对我国劳动力就业可能产生的影响。     

2000—2010年中国农村人力资源格局的重构

在城镇化快速发展和农村青壮年劳动力向城镇大规模转移的背景下,如何保证人口流出地的人口质量成为农村可持续发展和乡村振兴的关键。论文运用IPF等方法对2000年和2010年全国2294个县域空间单元的农村人口的教育年限进行了估算,并基于区域人力资源的定量测算,对2000—2010年之间全国农村人力资源的空间格局的相对变化态势进行了分析。研究发现：① 2000—2010年中国农村人力资源总量减少了3.0%,人力资源总量的空间格局变化不大,地域差异主要体现为东西差异和省际差异,空间集聚态势显著但均衡性增加;② 人均人力资源发生了很大变化,10 a间提升了17.4%,县域单元农村人力资源的相对减少主要发生在中部地区和东北地区,而西部地区、长三角、珠三角,以及地级市市辖区的农村人力资源则有所增加,人均人力资源下降的地区超过50%;③ 根据人力资源总量和人均人力资源的变化,县域单元存在同步增加、同步减少、质增量减、质减量增4种类型,2000—2010年间,平原县和丘陵县、粮食主产区、贫困县的人力资源变化需格外重视。平原和丘陵地区同步减少型县域单元的比例均超过40%;粮食主产区农村人力资源总量优势明显,但人均人力资源下降的比例高达64.6%;贫困县同步增加型地区的比例达到43.9%,但人力资源水平仍然与非贫困县有一定差距。这些研究结果表明,遏制平原县、丘陵县和粮食主产区人力资源质量下降,提升贫困县人力资源总体水平是当前农村人口可持续发展的当务之急。     

Aggregating dispersed workers: Union organizing in the “care” industries

This paper analyzes recent union efforts to organize low-wage workers in the home- and community-based segments of homecare, childcare, and services to people with developmental disabilities in the US. In these sectors, consumer demand has combined with privatization to create an army of “flexible”, part-time, poverty-wage workers, most of them women, people of color, and immigrants. This workforce is profoundly fragmented due to the preponderance of small nonprofit employers, widespread self-employment, and spatially atomized labor performed within myriad private homes. However, service sector unions have adapted creatively to these opportunities and constraints by implementing two interlinked scale-jumping strategies to overcome care workers’ spatial and organizational atomization. One is state-by-state policy advocacy to raise labor (and service) standards industry-wide and to aggregate employment through various organizational and legal interventions. The other is coalition building with consumers and advocates at the local, state, and national level to generate essential political support for these measures. We find that the success of this strategy has been shaped in large part by the political landscape of region and the political economy of distinct care industry segments. Finally, the resulting care industry unionism constitutes a distinct strand of an emergent public services unionism—in which consumers and workers struggle to define care labor as a socially necessary public good, and workers pushed into the nebulous zone between state and market struggle to define themselves as public workers.     

重庆市农村剩余劳动力转移的经济行为分析——以万州龙宝区为例

市场经济下的农户是经济人，其行为目标是为了追求家庭收入的最大化，文章通过对重庆农村家庭收入目标和行为决策的分析，建立了农村劳动力外出就业决策的理论模型，运用主成分分析法得出了影响重庆市农村劳动力外出就业的主要因素。     

浅议山西票号的经营者激励机制

山西票号的激励机制是其经营管理制度中极具特色和创造力的管理机制。其有效运行造就了当时令世界惊叹的“汇通天下”。从对经营者的选拔入手，探讨了票号对经营者激励制度的形式和保障条件。通过对山西票号激励机制的分析。提出其对我国现代企业中激励问题的可借鉴之处。     

西部地区农村劳动力转移对农用地流转意愿的影响——以新疆玛纳斯为例

随着劳动分工的加剧,农村剩余劳动力纷纷外出务工从事非农经营,这无疑加速了城市化进程,对城市工商业的繁荣起到了促进作用,由此也推动了中小城镇的飞速发展。以西部地区农村劳动力转移为切入点,处理好劳动力转移与农业持续发展、分散农户经营与规模经营、小农经营与现代农业的衔接,对构建政府农地流转政策体系、提高西部地区土地生产率和农业综合效率乃至增加农民非农就业收入均具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。在2013年1月对西部地区新疆玛纳斯县369户农户实地入户调研的基础上,基于农村劳动力转移的视角,运用结构方程模型(SEM)这一方法对影响农户农地流转意愿的因素进行实证分析。研究表明:劳动力转移特征对农户农地流转意愿产生正向显著影响,劳动力转移特征赋值每提高一个单位,农户农地流转意愿就会相应增加0.621个单位。在实证分析的基础上,提出应加强对农民技能培训,实现劳动力的优化配置和合理转移;完善区域性的农村劳动力市场、加大对农村基础设施尤其是水库等灌溉配套设施的投入力度;着力培育形式多样的农地流转中介服务组织等举措可以有效推进农地合理有序流转的进程。