Oil,the European Dilemma,a Study in Economic and Political Geography

Abstract

Marion Clawson. Land for Americans. Resources for the Future Policy Background Series. Rand McNally and Co., P.O. Box 7600, Chicago 80, Ill., 1963. 141 pages with table of contents and black and white illustrations. $2.00.

Devereux Butcher. Exploring Our National Wildlife Refuges, 2nd edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., 2 Park St., Boston 7, Mass., 1963. 340 pages with bibliography, 342 photographs and a map. $6.50.

Jane Lyon. Clipper Ships and Clipper Captains. American Heritage Co., Inc., 551 Fifth Ave., New York 17, N.Y., 1963. 153 pages with color and black and white illustrations. $3.95.

UNESCO. A Review of the National Resources of the African Continent. International Documents Service, Columbia University Press, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, N.Y., 1963. $15.00.

Floyd Miller. Ahdoolo! The Biography of Matthew A. Henson. E. P. Dutton and Co., Inc., 201 Park Ave., S., New York 3, N.Y., 1963. 221 pages. $4.50.

Edna Mason Kaula. The Land and People of Tanganyika. J. B. Lippincott Co., E. Washington Sq., Philadelphia 5, Pa., 1963. 155 pages with table of contents, two maps, index and photographs. $2.93.

Henry M. Kendall, Robert M. Glendinning and Clifford H. MacFadden. Introduction to Geography, third edition. Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc., 750 Third Ave., New York 17, N.Y., 1962. 582 pages with table of contents, index and black and white photographs, maps and illustrations. $8.50.

C. William Harrison. The First Book of Wildlife Sanctuaries. Franklin Watts, Inc., 575 Lexington Ave., New York 22, N.Y., 1963. 61 pages with maps, black and white pictures and an appendix regarding some of the United States' national wildlife refuges. $2.50.

Denis Baly. Geographical Companion to the Bible. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., 330 West 42nd St., New York 36, N.Y., 1963. 196 pages with maps, photographs, place-names and subject index. $5.95.

David J. Bowen. The Land and People of Peru. J. B. Lippincott Co., E. Washington Sq., Philadelphia 5, Pa., 1963. 160 pages with table of contents, index, black and white photographs and one map. $2.93.

Victor E. Shelford. The Ecology of North America. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Ill., 1963. 610 pages. $10.00.

Richard F. Burton, edited by Fawn M. Brodie. The City of the Saints and Across the Rocky Mountains to California. Alfred A. Knopf, 501 Madison Ave., New York 22, N.Y., 1963. 654 pages with table of contents, editor's introduction, appendices and index. $8.50.

Devereux Butcher. Exploring Our National Parks and Monuments (prepared under the auspices of the National Park Association), fifth edition, third revised printing. Houghton Mifflin Co., 2 Park St., Boston 7, Mass., 1963. 288 pages with table of contents, more than 300 colored and black and white pictures and three maps. $6.50.

Jacques M. May, M.D. “The Ecology of Malnutrition in Five Countries of East-Central Europe,” Studies in Medical Geography, Vol. 4. Hafner Publishing Co., 31 East Tenth St., New York 3, N.Y., 1963. 292 pages with table of contents, index and black and white maps. $10.50.

William G. Tyrrell. We New Yorkers. Oxford Book Co., 71 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N.Y., 1963. vi and 294 pages with table of contents, maps, photographs, drawings and index. $2.75 (net school price).     

The Gendering of Philippine International Labor Migration*

This paper provides an institutional analysis of the use of gender as an organizing principle for labor migration flows. Through a case study of the marketing and recruitment strategies of Philippine government and private institutions, I examine how gendered representations contribute to divergent patterns of male and female labor migrants from the Philippines. Representations, or controlling images, are used by institutions to provide explanations or justification of a policy. Findings indicate that the global marketing of workers is organized around specific gendered assumptions of male versus female occupations. Recruitment strategies are also influenced by gendered representations of occupations, locations, and workers. The use of gender by government and private institutions as an organizing device provides a gendered context in which migrants and their households must subsequently operate.     

Spatial Mismatch and Employment in a Decade of Restructuring*

Spatial barriers to employment limit women's job opportunities, but their effects differ among racial/ethnic minority groups. This study evaluates the degree of spatial mismatch for minority women and men by comparing the commuting times of African American, Latino, and white workers in the New York metropolitan region. Using Public Use Microdata for 1980 and 1990, we perform a partial decomposition analysis to assess the role of spatial mismatch in lengthening commuting times for minority workers. The results show that African American men and women living in the center of the region have poorer spatial access to employment than their white counterparts. In the suburbs, African American women and Latinas suffer no spatial mismatch; rather, their longer commuting times reflect greater reliance on mass transit. Comparison with 1980 findings reveals little change in spatial mismatch over time despite significant economic and social restructuring in the 1980s. Spatial barriers still limit employment prospects for the majority of minority women living at the core of the region.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

FDI对我国劳动力就业的影响

自上世纪90年代起，我国劳动就业问题日趋严重。劳动力总量供大于求，隐性失业和显性失业并存，结构性和区域性就业矛盾突出。积极有效地治理和解决就业问题已成为政府的当务之急。本文把FDI作为应对严峻的就业问题的有效措施之一，探讨了我国城乡严峻的劳动力就业压力，FDI的飞速发展及其对劳动力就业的重要贡献，加入WTO后FDI对我国劳动力就业可能产生的影响。     

Strengthening the Ties Between Tourism and Economic Geography: A Theoretical Agenda*

This paper stresses the importance of bridging the conceptual gap between tourism research and economic geography. It explains why the tourism production system has been unable to avoid its peripheral position in economic geography. The paper then focuses on the structure and organization of the principal agents comprising the tourism production system and identifies the state's pivotal role as coordinator of these agents. Lastly, it highlights two under-researched issues relating to entreprcneurship and labor pools and makes recommendations for further research.     

LOCAL LABOR MARKETS: THEORIES AND POLICIES IN THE U.S. DURING THE 1970s*

Local labor market policies of the federal government are critically evaluated with respect to their target efficiency and underlying theoretical assumptions. Policies of the Economic Development Administration are considered to be target inefficient compared to those of the Comprehensive Employment Training Act. Experimental mobility policies of the Department of Labor appear to be have questionable impact locally as opposed to nationally. Some local hybrid programs offer improved place and people targeting.     

Resource Peripheries and Neoliberalism: the Pilbara and the remaking of industrial relations in Australia

How mining companies overcome the problems faced by the fixity of resources and how they might come to exercise influence in societies which appear to be mostly post-industrial are complex questions of political geography. This is not least the case for a region such as the Pilbara—an iron ore site isolated from metropolitan centres—in Australia—a country isolated from many global centres and markets. At the same time, local struggles in this resources site have been profoundly influential in the making of a national neoliberal industrial relations agenda. Building on other scholarship on the Pilbara, but here re-emphasising the local scale and the details of work and regulation, provides a way to assess the place's wider importance. The Pilbara is a site of thoroughly transformed industrial relations, from a union space when export mining began in the 1960s to an employer stronghold today. Policy makers delivered changes to facilitate the remaking of employer power in workplaces in and beyond mining. This resource periphery has therefore been central to the remaking of national policy regimes.     

旅游发展与乡村劳动力回流研究——以西递村为例

采取社会资本的研究视角,以安徽省南部世界文化遗产地西递村旅游发展与社会经济变迁的基本事实为案例,主要提出了一种对乡村外出劳动力向原社区回流并参与非农产业生产现象的社会经济解释。研究发现:①社区按年向有本社区户口的普通社区成员提供总收入相当比例的稳定收入,是吸引外出劳动力回流的重要原因;②社会资本和社会关系网络的效力在社区的空间范围之内才能得到发挥,是社区精英人物及与其有亲密关系的社区成员留守或回流的原因。     

2000—2010年中国农村人力资源格局的重构

在城镇化快速发展和农村青壮年劳动力向城镇大规模转移的背景下,如何保证人口流出地的人口质量成为农村可持续发展和乡村振兴的关键。论文运用IPF等方法对2000年和2010年全国2294个县域空间单元的农村人口的教育年限进行了估算,并基于区域人力资源的定量测算,对2000—2010年之间全国农村人力资源的空间格局的相对变化态势进行了分析。研究发现：① 2000—2010年中国农村人力资源总量减少了3.0%,人力资源总量的空间格局变化不大,地域差异主要体现为东西差异和省际差异,空间集聚态势显著但均衡性增加;② 人均人力资源发生了很大变化,10 a间提升了17.4%,县域单元农村人力资源的相对减少主要发生在中部地区和东北地区,而西部地区、长三角、珠三角,以及地级市市辖区的农村人力资源则有所增加,人均人力资源下降的地区超过50%;③ 根据人力资源总量和人均人力资源的变化,县域单元存在同步增加、同步减少、质增量减、质减量增4种类型,2000—2010年间,平原县和丘陵县、粮食主产区、贫困县的人力资源变化需格外重视。平原和丘陵地区同步减少型县域单元的比例均超过40%;粮食主产区农村人力资源总量优势明显,但人均人力资源下降的比例高达64.6%;贫困县同步增加型地区的比例达到43.9%,但人力资源水平仍然与非贫困县有一定差距。这些研究结果表明,遏制平原县、丘陵县和粮食主产区人力资源质量下降,提升贫困县人力资源总体水平是当前农村人口可持续发展的当务之急。