谈防震减灾宣传的新跨越--以山西晋城市防震减灾宣传为例

防震减灾宣传正经历一场深刻的变革,介绍了防震减灾宣传的意义,以山西晋城市防震减灾宣传的现状为例,提出了实现防震减灾宣传跨越的几种对策.     

20世纪地质科学学科体系的发展与演变——根据地质论文统计分析

地质科学100年的发展折射了20世纪经济发展和社会进步的曲折过程，地质学科的演化反映了工业化对矿产资源的依存度和社会进步对地质学科布局的深刻影响。通过对20世纪100年世界地质科学论文的统计、分析和综合，从计量的角度获得了反映地质科学及其各学科发展和演化的轨迹，包括：①见证了地质科学的发展动力从“供给驱动型”向“需求驱动型”的转变；②记录了工业化过程中对矿产资源的需求对地质科学发展和演变的影响；③反映了过去100年重大历史事件对地质科学发展的影响；④体现了技术进步是地质科学发展的革命性推动力；⑤揭示了我国与发达国家地质科学发展的差距。运用学术论文定量分析地质科学长周期发展规律，用数据反映地质学科的百年兴衰，是研究地质科学发展战略的新思路、新方法。     

轮牧传统衰退:滇西北藏区亚高山草地退化的人文因素

滇西北藏区亚高山草地退化是个有目共睹的现实,有自然的原因也有人文的原因。以实地调查为基础,从藏民生计出发的研究发现,滇西北藏族的畜牧生产特点是6～9月位于3800m以上的高山草甸地带,11月至翌年3月位于3200m左右的亚高山草甸地带,属于轮牧作业;轮牧传统适应了气候和植物生长的季节性变化,有效地维持草地生产和传统围栏农业。轮牧传统的衰退,使牲畜集中在亚高山草甸地带,导致了草地退化。充分挖掘和尊重民族传统知识有助于退化草地恢复。     

关于遥感影像处理分析的理论与方法之若干问题

遥感技术的发展还处于一个初级的阶段,有关遥感影像处理和分析的理论和方法十分匮乏,还没有建立起适合遥感影像特点的理论和方法体系。基于此,提出了建立以像斑分析为基础的遥感影像分析的理论和方法体系,并就多光谱/高光谱影像纹理分析的概念、方法、以像斑为基础的空间关系分析、分析过程中引入先验知识的方法及数据套合技术研究展开了讨论。     

Possibilities and Limitations of Interdisciplinary, User-oriented Research: Experiences from the German Research Network Natural Disasters

The German Research Network for Natural Disasters (DFNK) linked 15 partners with scientific expertise in the field of natural hazards. Main objectives were the development and provision of the scientific fundamentals for an advanced risk management of important natural disasters in Germany, i.e., floods, earthquakes, storms and wildland fires. This included risk analyses, the development of information systems for supporting disaster management, and recommendations for risk reduction measures. This paper gives an overview of DFNK and summarises its experiences concerning multidisciplinarity and user-orientation. It illustrates the concept of risk chains, causally linking the different processes from hazard to risk. The step from hazard to risk requires interdisciplinary research teams. The experiences show that integrative concepts allow results not achievable with mono-disciplinary approaches. Integrative approaches pave the way to harmonised safety considerations taking into account the different hazards in a region within a common framework. User-orientation, policy advice and development of operational tools are key issues of disaster research. The experiences of DFNK illustrate the limitations of a research network in bridging the gap between research and application within rather short-term projects. Successful cooperation with users could be established by those activities where, at the beginning of the project, a user was identified who had a strong interest in solving an urgent problem.     

'Science', representation and resistance: the Bt cotton debate in Andhra Pradesh, India

Transgenic cotton is promoted in India on the basis that it will improve rural livelihoods, but such claims are contested on the basis that they are 'unscientific'. In this study, discourse analysis is utilized to deconstruct the environmental and scientific narratives employed by two key actors (Monsanto-Mahyco and the Deccan Development Society) in the debate in India. Whilst strong differences in the ideology of the two actors are found to account for their approaches to managing the environment, significant similarities in their approach to science and their recourse to Foucauldian governmentality are also evident. The conclusion considers how the use of discourse analysis could empower the rural poor to take part in the debate in India.     

信息化办公平台的探索及应用

信息化办公软件的发展取得了明显进步,信息化办公平台中的工作流系统和知识管理模块成为信息化办公平台的关键技术,介绍了具体的系统设计和系统实现以及实际运用的情况。     

基于网络模型的等高线群拓扑关系表示

等高线群拓扑关系的提取和表示是基于等高线的空间推理和地形特征挖掘的关键。在顾及地形特征的基础上,本文提出了一种拓扑关系网络来组织地理目标之间的拓扑关系,并进而提出分区二叉树、增量等高线树、等高线拓扑关系网三种拓扑关系网络来组织含未封闭等高线的复杂等高线群的拓扑关系,从而从根本上解决了等高线群的侧向不连续性,使基于等高线的空间推理更加简便和准确。     

高分辨率遥感植被分类研究

以南京市区的植被覆盖为研究对象,基于IKONOS遥感影像,采用决策树分类算法,根据各种植被光谱特征建立知识库,提出基于光谱信息的植被分类方法,继而结合高分辨率影像特有的纹理特征引进局部一致性指数对该方法进行改进,提出结合纹理信息的高分辨率遥感植被分类方法,分类总体精度从仅利用光谱信息的83.16%显著提高到91.89%,Kappa系数达到0.8886。采用Quickbird遥感影像对该方法进行验证,分类总体精度为91.94%,Kappa系数为0.8783,表明该植被分类方法能有效地对植被进行分类与识别,精度较高,且对于不同数据源的植被分类具有一定的普适性,为实现植被的自动化提取提供了理论依据和有效的方法途径。     

知识经济与区域地理创新

知识经济、创新意识对于21世纪的区域发展至关重要。知识创新已经成为区域发展的崭新动力;知识经济正在变革着区域地理学的内涵和面貌;面向21世纪,区域地理学者必须确立“网络”理念,坚持知识创新,促进区域地理学的可持续发展。