对网络环境下测绘科技信息知识服务模式的探讨

知识服务这种新的服务理念已成为创新信息服务手段，提高信息服务保障能力和服务效率的新途径。本文阐述了网络环境下测绘科技信息服务的发展特点，指出新时期测绘科技信息服务工作呈现出知识性的特点。分析研究了知识服务的现实需求、保障模式和发展措施等。     

地图制图专家知识对地理信息符号化过程的控制

针对纸质地图数字化得到地理信息(空间数据)的过程中存在地图信息损失的问题,阐述了产生这种损失的原因。数字化后得到的地理信息是各种GIS应用系统的重要数据源,在GIS应用中需要把这些地理信息重新再现成地图。为了得到较好的地图显示效果,有必要将数字化后损失的地图信息在从地理数据到地图符号化的过程中进行补偿。论述了在符号化过程中如何充分利用地图制图专家的多年知识和经验,将用自然语言表达的不确定性的专家知识形式化,以此来控制整个符号化的过程,达到改善地图显示效果的目的。     

矿床统计预测单元划分的方法与程序

在矿床统计预测中,如何确定最佳的统计预测单元,目前尚无通用的准则和算法,它的划分往往取决于地质学家对研究区控矿条件的认识,矿化的实际分布殂态及统计预测所采用的评价模型等多种因素。系统功能齐全,基本上满足了资源评价的各种需求,实现了预测单元划分的自动化和智能化。     

INVESTIGATION OF STATUS AND DEMAND ON PUBLIC SERVICE OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION IN CHINA

In order to make a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the status and demands of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation, we launched an investigation with Social Opinion Polling Center of National Bureau of Statistics on the current situation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation and the demands for it in 2018. The investigation was conducted for 18~75-year-old residents for both urban and rural areas in 31 provinces of China mainland using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview(CATI)method and 20 078 valid samples were received in total. The questionnaire mainly includes two parts: the current situation assessment and the demand survey. The assessment of public service status consists of five indicators: earthquake emergency drill, knowledge publicity of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, acquisition of earthquake information, reliability of information released by earthquake agencies, and overall satisfaction. The results indicate that only 27.4% of public have participated the earthquake emergency drill, and 73.5% of public have learned some knowledge about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in different level. It shows that rural residents have a lower level of scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation although the rural residents have a higher level of satisfaction. Meanwhile, 82.9% of the public are very concerned about earthquake-related information, and the earthquake information acquisition convenience score is 81.51 points(the full score is 100 points). At present, TV is still the most popular way to obtain the earthquake-related information, besides that, network and the new media app such as Wechat and Weibo play a more and more important role. In terms of the reliability of official information published by the earthquake administration, the score is 83.69 points which indicates that the public tend to believe in official departments. Furthermore, the degree of satisfaction evaluation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation is marked 76.44 points which shows that there is still much room for improvement. The more educated the public, the less satisfied they are with the public service of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. The results also show that 51.81% of the public are willing to obtain earthquake warning information at their own expense. As for the demand, the most expectative services for the public are post-earthquake rescue and reconstruction, earthquake warning, and house earthquake resilience test. The results of the investigation may provide some reference for the government to provide better services of earthquake disaster mitigation and to make scientific knowledge popularization in a more scientific way.     

武汉市初中毕业生地震知识调查

为了解初中毕业生地震科普知识的掌握情况，自行设计了武汉市初中毕业生地震科普知识调查问卷，对100名武汉市初中毕业生进行现场调查。调查结果为良、中、差等级分别占4%、18%、78%。 说明武汉市初中毕业生地震科普知识掌握情况令人堪忧，应尽早加强中学生地震科普知识教育， 以提高全民防震减灾意识。     

新型知识观下高校旅游管理专业课程知识的构建思考

旅游管理专业是1998年新设置的高校本科专业,受学科专业特点和旅游职业需求的影响,其课程知识与传统的学科专业相比,具有很强的实践性.为此,其课程知识的构建,需要深入认识旅游管理专业课程知识的特点,建立起"科学-人本观"的构建价值取向,并充分唤醒教学参与者的主体意识,发挥课堂对课程知识的构建作用.     

冰雪灾害条件下地质灾害应急抢险处置知识构成分析

知识库是冰雪灾害条件下地质灾害应急抢险决策支持系统的核心,知识库中的知识构成则是整个研究的基础。本文按照产生式规则法的知识表示方式,分别分析了冰雪灾害条件下地质灾害应急抢险处置知识的前提及结论部分的主要构成内容,并总结了应急抢险处置措施选择应该遵循的基本原则,另外还给出了根据知识构成抽取具体知识的范例,为冰雪灾害条件下地质灾害应急抢险知识库及决策支持系统的建立提供了基础性研究成果。     

协同多时相波谱特征的不透水面信息级联提取

不透水面作为反应城市表征变化和区域城镇化的重要技术指标,其位置、图斑大小、空间分布等信息在地表水热循环和能量平衡等领域被广泛需求。传统方法大都基于单一时相信息提取不透水面,而忽略多时相所蕴含的丰富信息。因此,本文提出多时相信息融合的不透水面级联提取方法,利用Landsat-8 OLI遥感影像分析归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI）、改进的归一化水体指数（Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, MNDWI）和归一化建筑指数（Normalized Difference Building Index, NDBI）年内时序变化特点和典型地物间多时相波谱曲线的协同特征,并归纳不透水面多时相变化规律;再根据先验知识所获取的有效地表信息,进行多时相分级提取不透水面信息。此外,基于实地考察数据和同期2 m GF-1遥感影像屏幕数字化生成30 m不透水面图斑,进行精度验证、分析和对比单时相、四季相及多时相3种时序情况下的提取精度。结果表明：单时相提取不透水面总精度最低,四季相提取精度优于单时相,而多时相提取精度最高（精度可达93.66%,Kappa系数为0.81）。本方法在偏远城镇不透水面的有效识别中显露潜在优势,可为不透水面提取方法融合时序波谱特征提供新思路。     

The Value of Practice-Based Knowledge

Increasing recognition of the value of practice-based or experiential knowledge in natural resource management justifies the creation of a new category of articles in Society & Natural Resources that we are calling Practice-Based Knowledge (PBK). The rationale for focusing on PBK is due to its key role in the emergence of hybrid governance institutions across state, market, and civil society, understanding the complexity of dynamic socioecological systems, recognizing the challenges of multiple knowledge systems and context-specific practices, embracing the power of informal institutions and civic science, and engaging debates on the growing prevalence of market-oriented conservation. The goal is to provide a dedicated space within the published, peer-reviewed literature for scholars, government officials, nonprofit managers, and engaged citizens to share experiences informed by practical action. Relevant and timely practice-based insights may improve understanding and management of social and ecological processes and systems, while also offering the potential to contribute to theory.