(Un)consensual conversations: betweenness, 'material access', laughter and reflexivity in research

This article addresses the conversational (re)production of research relations, focusing on gender and sexuality in relation to responses, laughter and consensus in interviews. It discusses links to access as an on-going issue, and to wider issues connected to the production of knowledge.     

基于物理约束GRU神经网络的河流水质预测模型

河流水质预测对于水环境管理与水污染防治具有重要意义。近年来,以神经网络为代表的非机理性水质预测模型已被广泛应用于河流水质预测领域。然而,此类模型不考虑水质因子变化的物理机理,导致预测结果难以解释、稳定性差。为此,本文将水质因子变化的物理规律视为一种先验知识约束,建模于门控循环单元神经网络（Gated Recurrent Unit, GRU）之中,以河流水质预测的重要参数溶解氧为例,提出了一种物理约束的门控循环单元网络（Physics-constrained Gated Recurrent Unit, PHY_GRU）。以美国亚特兰大市2021年河流溶解氧预测为例进行实例验证,结果表明：① PHY_GRU与差分自回归移动平均模型、多层感知机和门控循环单元模型相比,预测精度和稳定性明显提升,其中预测均方根误差分别降低了94.8%,62.9%和37.2%;② 综合考虑多种物理规律约束可以提升PHY_GRU的预测精度和稳定性;③ PHY_GRU采用门控循环单元模型训练样本的30%,其预测精度和稳定性即可超过门控循环单元模型。本文提供了一种在神经网络模型中融入水质先验知识的研究思路,有助于提升水质预测模型辅助决策的水平。     

知识管理与企业的网上学习系统

充分利用知识管理工具可以管理和组织好现有知识,并且有利于学习者之间知识共享以及知识创新.首先介绍了知识及知识管理的基础知识,然后对网上学习系统的有关知识及技术做了概述,最后从学习系统的角度说明了二者的关系,指出网上学习不仅是企业员工培训的变革,也是企业实施知识管理的重要途径.     

Traditional horticultural and gathering practices in two semi-rural populations of Northwestern Patagonia

Horticultural and gathering practices were studied in Comallo and Pilcaniyeu, two semi-rural communities which share a common Mapuche ancestry and occupy similar arid environments in Northwest Patagonia, Argentina. We analyzed cultivation and wild plant gathering using semi-structured interviews. We hypothesized that these activities will be conditioned by access to market economy. Results showed differences in horticultural and gathering patterns in both populations: the community with less access to market economy presented greater richness of cultivated and gathered species and collected more seeds from their own harvests, thus promoting germplasm conservation and higher levels of seed exchange than the community that had more contact with urban centers. In these populations the integration of ancestral and novel knowledge seems to favor flexibility and autonomy, which might help locals deal with change. This could foster greater individual and collective wellbeing, as well as socio-ecological diversity.     

地方性知识与空间治理——以苏州东山内圩治理为例

太湖流域水环境综合治理既是一项环境治理任务,也是一项空间治理工程,它涉及太湖沿岸土地利用方式的改变。以人类学家吉尔兹关于局外人对局内人地方性知识的语义理解为学术对话观点,以苏州东山内圩地区为研究区域,采用访谈法、资料分析法、对比法,寻找规划专家的科学知识与当地养殖户地方性知识的语义“原型”。研究发现：① “长度”是“合理规划养殖水塘”的语义“原型”。语义“原型”的发掘使专家在设计空间治理指标时,可采纳养殖户的地方性知识,也为养殖户理解空间治理指标、更新其地方性知识提供可能性。② 地方性知识不单由当地人创造,还在内外两类人群的互动中不断更新。在该过程中,准局外人发挥着知识对接的桥梁作用。当地人的地方性知识没有考虑宏观区域的可持续发展,而专家的全局视野会帮助当地人改进地方性知识。     

Extracting and analyzing semantic relatedness between cities using news articles

News articles capture a variety of topics about our society. They reflect not only the socioeconomic activities that happened in our physical world, but also some of the cultures, human interests, and public concerns that exist only in the perceptions of people. Cities are frequently mentioned in news articles, and two or more cities may co-occur in the same article. Such co-occurrence often suggests certain relatedness between the mentioned cities, and the relatedness may be under different topics depending on the contents of the news articles. We consider the relatedness under different topics as semantic relatedness. By reading news articles, one can grasp the general semantic relatedness between cities; yet, given hundreds of thousands of news articles, it is very difficult, if not impossible, for anyone to manually read them. This paper proposes a computational framework which can ‘read’ a large number of news articles and extract the semantic relatedness between cities. This framework is based on a natural language processing model and employs a machine learning process to identify the main topics of news articles. We describe the overall structure of this framework and its individual modules, and then apply it to an experimental dataset with more than 500,000 news articles covering the top 100 US cities spanning a 10-year period. We perform exploratory visualizations of the extracted semantic relatedness under different topics and over multiple years. We also analyze the impact of geographic distance on semantic relatedness and find varied distance decay effects. The proposed framework can be used to support large-scale content analysis in city network research.     

Foregone harvests and neoliberal policies: Creating opportunities for rural,small-scale,community-based fisheries in southern Alaskan coastal villages

Neoliberal policies of effort limitation and privatization have reduced commercial salmon and other fishing opportunities available to the coastal, predominantly Alaska Native, villages of southern Alaska. However, there are a variety of circumstances, including the manner in which the current commercial fishery is prosecuted, that lead to surpluses of unharvested salmon, and potentially other species, available in certain areas. This paper will define the concept of “foregone harvests”, discuss the environmental and managerial conditions that lead to “foregone harvests” and describe the possibilities such conditions create for the development of small-scale, local and community-based fisheries. Case studies of possible Huna Tlingit (Hoonah) and Kaigani Haida (Hydaburg) salmon fisheries will be presented. Alternative arrangements of salmon fisheries and institutions in southeast Alaska are presented through case studies of the villages of Yakutat and Metlakatla. These examples demonstrate how such fisheries could be built on local and traditional knowledge, as well as currently used subsistence technologies resulting in new economic opportunities compatible with local cultural patterns and interests and buttressing local identities and commitments.     

知识经济与地理综合研究

在未来的知识经济时代,以知识为基础的经济将逐渐占据国际经济的主导地位。知识经济时代,经济发展的可持续性、知识的创新以及世界经济一体化等特点与地理综合研究的特点和长处有许多共同之处。但地理综合研究为适应新时代的需求,亦需在研究内容上进一步深化和革新。包括充分考虑单一地理空间向地理空间和虚拟空间的转化,凸现人力资源的权重而对传统综合研究中要素均衡观的冲击,充分考虑科学技术发展而导致的资源和生产要素的相互替代,以及摒弃传统二元系统结构等。     

知识经济与高校图书馆读者教育

阐述了知识经济与信息传播的联系 ,以及高校图书馆作为知识的传授、创造基地在知识经济条件下所面临的挑战 ,强调了高校图书馆读者教育对于知识经济时代高校教育改革和全社会素质教育、终身教育的重要性 ,并对图书馆读者教育的内容和途径提出了一些建议     

Participatory and Integrated Research in Mountainous Regions of Thailand and Vietnam： Approaches and Lessons Learned

Introduction Until the late 1980s, the mountainous regions of northern Thailand and northern Vietnam were largely cut off from the rapid economic develop- ment in the urban centers such as Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Hanoi, and from the dynamics of the ‘gree…