基于层次聚类法和主成分分析法的铜陵市大气降尘污染元素来源解析研究

本文采用层次聚类法和主成分分析法对有色金属矿山城市-铜陵市的大气降尘中污染元素,主要是重金属元素的来源进行了识别,并分析了各来源所占的比例。结果显示,铜陵市大气降尘中污染物主要来源于冶金和采矿,其次为燃煤、交通和土壤扬尘等,其贡献率分别为冶金源+采矿源43.29%,燃煤源32.23%,交通源和土壤源10.53%,其他源13.94%。因此,优先控制冶金尘、采矿尘和燃煤尘,可以有效降低铜陵市大气降尘中污染元素的含量。     

曲面上位场理论的两点注记

将"磁化方向与磁场分量方向互换定理"推广到非均匀磁化的情况,给出2个证明。将从单层位出发求得的总场强沿任意方向的分量称为单层场强分量。广义偶层位就是单层场强分量。     

基于VB.NET与Mapobject的宗地估价系统研究

为满足土地部门工作的需要及土地市场的发展要求,依据国家土地管理局颁布的《城镇土地估价规程》要求,参考估价师日常评估工作的程序,本文提出了在VB.NET开发环境中嵌入组件式GIS软件———Mapobject,研制宗地估价系统的设计思想及实现方法,并给出了一些关键技术的开发程序。该系统的应用不但将大大提高宗地估价与地价信息管理工作的科学化和自动化水平,也将促进组件式GIS技术应用的发展。     

济宁市耕地动态变化及驱动因素分析

根据济宁市耕地历年总量及人均耕地数量变化情况可以看出，55年来耕地数量总体呈明显波动减少趋势，各县（市、区）的变化也存在差异。定性与定量相结合的分析结果表明，济宁市耕地动态变化的驱动因素主要为经济发展对耕地占用的巨大需求和比较经济利益对耕地占用的巨大压力。为遏制耕地数量减少，对耕地数量快速减少区、平稳减少区和增加区采取的措施有所区别。     

抗差方差分量估计在卫星定轨中的应用

针对卫星精密定轨过程中观测资料存在粗差以及观测资料的合理定权问题，将抗差方差分量估计引入到卫星精密定轨中。采用Lageos 2卫星1996年1月至2000年12月的全球SLR实测数据进行了卫星精密定轨计算，结果表明，抗差方差分量估计既可以有效地减弱观测资料中粗差的影响，又可以较好地解决观测资料的合理加权问题，从而可以提高卫星的定轨精度。     

Deformations resulting from the movements of a shear or tensile fault in an anisotropic half space

Earlier solutions (Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1985; 75 :1135–1154; Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. 1992; 82 :1018–1040) of deformations caused by the movements of a shear or tensile fault in an isotropic half-space for finite rectangular sources of strain nucleus have been extended for a transversely isotropic half-space. Results of integrating previous solutions (Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 2001; 25 (10): 1175–1193) of deformations due to a shear or tensile fault in a transversely isotropic half-space for point sources of strain nucleus over the fault plane are presented. In addition, a boundary element (BEM) model (POLY3D:A three-dimensional, polygonal element, displacement discontinuity boundary element computer program with applications to fractures, faults, and cavities in the Earth's crust. M.S. Thesis, Stanford University, Department of Geology, 1993; 62) is given. Different from similar researches (e.g. Thomas), the Akaike's view on Bayesian statistics (Akaike Information Criterion Statistics. D. Reidel Publication: Dordrecht, 1986) is applied for inverting deformations due to a fault to obtain displacement discontinuities on the fault plane. An example is given for checking displacements predicted by proposed analytical expressions. Another example is generated for the use of proposed BEM model. It demonstrates the effectiveness of this model in exploring displacement behaviours of a fault. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山东昌乐蓝宝石砂矿中镁尖晶石的宝石学特征

采用X射线粉末衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和电子探针分析等测试手段对山东市场上出现的一种冒充蓝宝石的矿物（当地称＂釉子＂）样品进行了常规宝石学、矿物学和谱学特征研究。结果表明,该样品为单晶镁尖晶石,其中Mg2＋和Fe2＋,Al3＋和Fe3＋发生了类质同像替代。山东昌乐产镁尖晶石具有强光泽、高硬度和耐久性,非常适于作中低档宝石,具有广阔的应用前景和经济价值,市场潜力巨大。     

横观各向同性饱和地基三维瞬态Lamb问题

研究了横观各向同性饱和土地基在地表动力荷载作用下的三维瞬态响应。基于饱和多孔介质的三维Biot波动理论,利用Laplace变换,建立圆柱坐标系下横观各向同性饱和土的波动方程;解耦波动方程后,根据算子理论,并借助Fourier展开和Hankel变换技术,得到瞬态荷载作用下,饱和土介质的土骨架位移和应力、孔隙水相对位移和孔隙水压力的一般解;利用一般解,给出横观各向同性饱和地基在地表集中荷载激励下的瞬态Lamb问题的解答。数值算例结果表明,采用各向同性饱和介质的动力学模型,不能准确描述具有明显各向异性特性的饱和土地基的瞬态动力特性。     

新西兰碧玉的宝石学特征

以产自新西兰的碧玉样品作为研究对象,采用常规的宝石学测试、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、环境扫描电子显微镜、等离子体质谱仪、X射线粉晶衍射仪,对其表面微观形貌、矿物组成、化学成分特征进行了较全面的研究。研究表明,新西兰碧玉的显微结构致密程度不高,矿物结晶颗粒粗细不一,局部具有定向性,其主要的矿物组成为角闪石,内含黑色的铬铁矿杂质。将新西兰碧玉的化学成分特征与新疆一带所产的碧玉相比较,主量元素和微量元素的含量均有所差别。     

Assimilation of temperature and salinity using isotropic and anisotropic recursive filters in Tropic Pacific

A data assimilation scheme used in the updated Ocean three-dimensional Variational Assimilation System (OVALS),OVALS2,is described.Based on a recursive filter (RF) to estimate the background error covariance (BEC) over a predetermined scale,this new analysis system can be implemented with anisotropic and isotropic BECs.Similarities and differences of these two BEC schemes are briefly discussed and their impacts on the model simulation are also investigated.An idealized experiment demonstrates the ability of the updated analysis system to construct different BECs.Furthermore,a set of three years experiments is implemented by assimilating expendable bathythermograph (XBT) and ARGO data into a Tropical Pacific circulation model.The TAO and WOA01 data are used to validate the assimilation results.The results show that the model simulations are substantially improved by OVALS2.The inter-comparison of isotropic and anisotropic BEC shows that the corresponding temperature and salinity produced by the anisotropic BEC are almost as good as those obtained by the isotropic one.Moreover,the result of anisotropic RF is slightly closer to WOA01 and TAO than that of isotropic RF in some special area (e.g.the cold tongue area in the Tropic Pacific).