变形监测网的灵敏度分析

与一般的测量控制网相比较,变形监测网具有其自身的特点。它要求对于所要监测的变形向量具有尽可能高的灵敏度,这就导致了在变形监测网的设计中,除了考虑精度、可靠性等准则外,还要分析和考虑网的灵敏度。本文通过对变形监测网的灵敏度分析,说明监测网设计的一般方法和原则。     

东川式铜矿伴生组分地质特征

东川式铜矿的成因，自否定岩浆期后热液成矿，转为以沉积—变质成矿为主流派观点以后，沉积—成岩期后成矿否定了客观存在的后期多元、多期叠加改造成矿的现象。本文由伴生组分特征研究入手，肯定了后期多元、多期叠加改造成矿的存在，希引起研究者重视，对找富铜矿及回收伴生的金、钴，均有现实的指导意义。     

金刚石的不纯净组分与地幔流体的研究

金刚石生长阶段所捕虏的不纯净组分，能够提供大量地幔流体的信息。本文从金刚石的成因研究，表征地幔流体的固体包裹体、流体包裹体及流体的制药因素等方面讨论了金刚石不纯净组分与地幔流体的关系。     

The effects of torsional ground motion on thin cylindric shell structures

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区域航空γ能谱场地球化学解释及预测方法的探讨

本文以“铀矿区域评价准则”为依据,试用因子分析主成分比值法,铀对钍(钾)的区域相对场法和铀成矿有利指数法,对我国YW-10和YW-10B两个测区的区域航空γ能谱场进行了地球化学解释及预测方法的研究,与已知矿区660测区从宏观上做了对比分析,并研究了γ能谱参数在走向长270km,宽50—70km空间上的分布变化规律。研究结果表明,这些方法对了解成岩时原始铀的分布及后期铀的地球化学活动规律,估计成岩、成矿阶段铀源岩可能提供的生铀量,识别铀成矿有利地区是有用的。     

方差分量估计方法在ERS—2卫星精密定轨中的应用

将方差分量估计（VCE）方法应用于ERS－2卫星的精密定轨,用SLR和PRARE资料计算了1998年前3个月的23个长度为5天的弧段（除了调整轨道的时段外,相邻弧段有两天的重叠）,从观测值残差分析和重叠弧段比较两个方面,考察VCE方法对定轨计算的影响,并给出了各组观测值的平均验后均方差,对观测值残差的分析表明,使用VCE方法明显地改善了观测值的拟合程度,但从阿卑（Abbey)标准对观测值残差的检验结果来看,使用VCE方法不能消除轨道中由力学模型和几何模型误差引入的系统差,重叠弧段比较的结果表明：（1）使用VCE方法缩小了重叠弧段的平均距离差,并改善了一部分权段明显不合理的偏离,使最后得到的轨道具有更均匀的精度,（2）相比较而言,VCE方法使相邻弧段靠拢的趋势在轨道切向体现得较为明显,由各组观测值的平均验后方差可见,说单个标准点观测值而言,部分SLR台站的观测资料在定轨计算中占有比其他观测资料更重的地位,纵观全文,使用VCE后得到的观测值的平衡验后均方差来确定资料的双重将比使用均方差更为合理。     

A three‐component end‐member analysis of streamwater hydrochemistry in a small Japanese forested headwater catchment

Intensive water sampling in conjunction with hydrological observations was conducted during three different rainstorms in order to understand the effects of rainfall events on the temporal variation of streamwater chemistry in a small headwater forest catchment. Concentrations of Na⁺ and SO₄^2? decreased as the discharge rate increased. Hydrograph separation of the components was made using the three‐component model based on the end‐members mixing analysis (EMMA). The three end‐members were:

• 1 the groundwater in the saturated zone that prescribes the chemistry of the baseflow;
• 2 the throughfall that dilutes the streamwater;
• 3 the groundwater in the transient saturated zone prescribed, which was dependent on the groundwater level.

When the groundwater level was lower, only the two components, groundwater in the saturated zone and throughfall, affected the streamwater chemistry. When the groundwater level rose and the saturated zone spread, the groundwater in the transient saturated zone became the third component. When the groundwater in the transient saturated zone contributed to the discharge, this component became the dominant source and the streamwater chemistry was affected by the groundwater chemistry in the transient saturated zone. When this component was discharged as the saturation overland flow, the streamwater chemistry was greatly affected by this component. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of modal parameters of non‐classically damped linear structures under multi‐component earthquake loading

A method for parametric system identification of classically damped linear system in frequency domain is adopted and extended for non‐classically damped linear systems subjected up to six components of earthquake ground motions. This method is able to work in multi‐input/multi‐output (MIMO) case. The response of a two‐degree‐of‐freedom model with non‐classical damping, excited by one‐component earthquake ground motion, is simulated and used to verify the proposed system identification method in the single‐input/multi‐output case. Also, the records of a 10 storey real building during the Northridge earthquake is used to verify the proposed system identification method in the MIMO case. In this case, at first, a single‐input/multi‐output assumption is considered for the system and modal parameters are identified, then other components of earthquake ground motions are added, respectively, and the modal parameters are identified again. This procedure is repeated until all four components of earthquake ground motions which are measured at the base level of the building are included in the identification process. The results of identification of real building show that consideration of non‐classical damping and inclusion of the multi‐components effect of earthquake ground motions can improve the least‐squares match between the finite Fourier transforms of recorded and calculated acceleration responses. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GIS中地籍宗地面积的方差分量估计

探讨在地籍宗地数字化的面积处理问题中,把已知面积数据和数字化坐标同时作为观测值的面积处理方法.采用方差分量估计,解决已知面积数据参与平差时的权的确定.通过实例分析,认为采用条件平差方差分量估计方法来对宗地面积处理,能够更加合理地调整已有面积与由数字化坐标得到的面积值之间的差异.