Recent Trends in Geography Education in Louisiana

Geography at elementary and middle schools in Louisiana, USA., remains a social studies strand along with civics, economics, and history, with no state-required geography course at any level. But because schools may require more geography than the state standard, this research examines the extent to which K–12 students are exposed to geography in Louisiana, using an electronic survey and an interview with state department of education officials. Results suggest that geography remains underemphasized, but the 2011 implementation of new social studies standards, the Advanced Placement Human Geography course, and other initiatives offer promise for more geographically literate Louisiana citizens.     

Meeting the Challenge of Systemic Change in Geography Education: Lucy Sprague Mitchell’s Young Geographers

The history of K–12 geography education has been characterized by recurrent high hopes and dashed expectations. There have, however, been moments when the trajectory of geography education might have changed to offer students the opportunity to develop a thorough working knowledge of geography. Lucy Sprague Mitchell’s geography program developed in the 1920s and 1930s was brilliant in its conception and execution but it did not lead to large-scale systemic change. Analyzing the origins, development, and outcome of her program suggests the conditions that facilitate and inhibit systemic change, and therefore perhaps we can learn to capitalize on comparable moments in the future.     

The evolution of the Huangling uplift and its control on the accumulation and preservation of shale gas

There are plenty of Sinian and Cambrian potential shale gas resources in South China, which is characterized by high thermal evolution degrees, poor drilling performances and only occurs in local areas. Taking the principle “high to find low” is the key issue to achieving a breakthrough in older shale. China Geological Survey drilled in the periphery of the Proterozoic basement, i.e. the Huangling anticline, in the western Hubei, and Hannan paleocontinent in the southern Shanxi. It received high-quality gas-bearing shale with relatively low Ro in the in Lower Cambrian Niutitang formation and Sinian Doushantuo formation. Based on geological conditions of shale gas reservoirs in the Huangling anticline, this paper puts forward the new model named “Control over reservoirs by periphery of basement” about shale gas accumulation, suggesting that the shale deposited in a deepwater continental shelf in the periphery of the basement is characterized by shallow burial, a short burial time, stable tectonics, relatively low thermal evolution degrees, and shale gas reservoirs in a good condition. The shale of the Sinian-Cambrian strata deposited in deepwater continental shelves in the periphery of Chuanzhong paleo-uplift in Sichuan, Hannan paleocontinent in the southern Shanxi, Huangling anticline in western Hubei and Jiangnang-Xuefeng paleo-uplift in Hunan and Guizhou province have good shale gas exploration potential.     

Science and Technology of Delimitation of Continental Shelf and Its Application in Maritime Silk Road Cooperation*

Delimitation of the continental shelf is an emerging interdisciplinary discipline in the field of international marine science and technology. It uses the scientific and technological means to expand the jurisdiction of coastal states based on the international rules of the 《United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea》. Therefore, it is related to the marine sovereignty rights and interests of a country and also a hot topic of science and technology that all countries have competed to develop. China has launched the research in this field simultaneously with the world's maritime powers, and formed its innovative advantages in such aspects as geological models, detection techniques and delimitation systems in the delimitation of continental shelf, which have become the brand new ties for China's cooperation with foreign countries in marine science and technology, and also the important field in the maritime silk road cooperation in the 21^st century. This paper introduced the basic principles and methods in the delimitation of continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (370 km), progress in the delimitation of the global continental shelf, and China's innovative science and technology as well as its application in maritime Silk Road cooperation, and provided the prospect of the future scientific and technological cooperation with foreign countries and development in this filed. And it was suggested China should develop the scientific and technological cooperation on the delimitation of the continental shelf along the Silk Road, promote the scientific and technological development of the delimitation of the continental shelf in China, and enhance China's influence and voice in international ocean affairs.     

博茨瓦纳重要矿产资源潜力与投资前景分析

博茨瓦纳矿产资源丰富,金刚石和镍矿储量大,是南部非洲重要的资源国家。本文通过对博茨瓦纳金刚石、金、铜、镍矿等四大优势矿种的分布特征、产量和品位、主要矿业开发公司及投资环境等分析,认为金刚石、金矿、铜镍矿等矿产资源品位高且开发潜力巨大,与我国新发展阶段矿产资源需求形成很强的互补性。博茨瓦纳基础设施发展总体较为落后但正在逐步完善,经济发展形势向好,矿业相关法律制度较为完善,对外资企业也有较多的优惠政策,国内安全状况较为稳定,因而吸引了许多外资企业进行矿业投资。针对重要的金刚石、金矿和镍矿本文提出了相关开发建议,同时以“一带一路”为契机,加强人文领域交流,投资完善基础设施建设,带动中资企业在博茨瓦纳开展矿业合作。     

区块链技术在教育领域的应用现状与展望

区块链本质上的去中心化和安全特性,使得其很适合于解决目前教育领域面临的困难.本文首先介绍了区块链的基本技术原理,包括区块的结构和区块链的构成、区块链技术平台的体系结构、区块链的分类、共识算法、智能合约.接着分析了目前教育领域发展的终身教育和跨地区教育的新形势,以及传统数字化教育系统面临的主要问题.然后从教育相关信息的多方共享和验证、学习过程跟踪、激励和学习路径塑造、学习评估、教育管理与决策辅助等几个方面对区块链技术在教育领域的应用现状进行了介绍和分析.最后总结了目前区块链技术应用到教育领域的主要问题,并展望了未来的发展方向.     

对IPCC第六次评估报告中有关干旱变化的解读

政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）于2021年8月发布了第六次评估报告（AR6）自然科学基础卷的决策者摘要,主要对自2013年第五次评估报告（AR5）以来的气候变化科学研究进展进行了系统的评估,并使用新一代气候模式在新的共享社会经济路径情景下对未来气候变化进行了预估。本文基于AR5和AR6相关章节素材,解读了干旱变化的评估结论。     

重庆市乡村义务教育资源可得性差异及影响因素

以国家统筹城乡教育发展试验区的重庆市乡村地区为例,采用Densi-Graph城乡识别法进行行政区划内部格网尺度的精准识别,在此基础上探究义务教育资源可得性水平的空间差异及影响因素。结果表明：1)基于Densi-Graph城乡识别法的重庆市城乡差异显著,乡村区域面积达79 752 km²,占区域总面积的96.82%。城市部分面积为2 616 km²,占区域总面积的3.18%。2)重庆市义务教育资源可得性水平具有显著的空间集聚与关联特征,并呈现由中心城区向外递减的格局。3)政府重视程度、社会经济发展水平、交通设施水平、自然地理环境均与义务教育资源可得性水平具有显著相关性。4)交通站点密度与教育投入是影响义务教育资源可得性水平的主导因子,二者与各项因子的交互叠加作用增强效果显著;影响机制上,地形起伏度与坡度是乡村义务教育资源可得性水平的限制条件,社会经济是基础,交通是关键,教育投入是核心。     

陕南岚皋县柳家坡滑坡形成机制研究

柳家坡滑坡位于陕西岚皋县城北,属松散坡积物类滑坡。滑体为粘质砾砂土,渗透性差,受动水压力作用易发生流土;滑床为泥板岩和片岩。滑体和滑床工程地质性质差异明显,二者界面为滑体下滑的主滑面。该滑坡为一古滑坡,曾多次发生变形滑动,2003年在连续强降雨和坡脚切坡等因素诱发下重新活动,目前处于欠稳定状态,若遇强降雨仍有可能发生整体失稳。对陕西南秦岭区域滑坡调查表明无论是滑坡类型,还是滑坡体物质组成及变形规律,柳家坡滑坡在陕南都具有一定的代表性。     

辽东湾葵花岛构造区浅层气分布特征、成因探讨及工程影响

揭示了葵花岛构造区浅层气规模小、埋藏浅、分布散、压力低、储层松散等分布特点,根据沉积环境和地质特征,推测浅层气为生物甲烷气,但并不完全排除是热生甲烷次生气藏的可能性,探讨了浅层气潜在的工程危害并提出相应防治措施,为今后海洋工程建设提供科学依据。