书法景观的文化地理浅释

书法地理学作为一门新兴的文化地理学的分支,它的基本理论研究对象之一便是书法景观。从文化地理学的角度出发,探讨了书法景观的概念,书法景观的分类。指出其构成除了自然因素以外,还应包括人文景观中的可视性因素、可悟性因素和氛围。书法景观是自然景观人文景观的统一体。     

企业本地根植对城市出口产品结构动态的影响研究

城市如何实现新产品拓展,引入新的产业发展路径,是城市产业升级和跨越式发展的关键,但目前尚不清楚哪类企业更能引领这一过程。论文使用中国海关贸易数据,以企业出口产品的动态演化为切入点,从企业本地市场地位、本地存续年限、政治嵌入3个维度拆解企业本地根植性,探讨哪类企业更有可能为城市引入新产品,并探讨其时空差异。研究发现：(1)总体上本地市场地位更高、存续年限更短的企业更有可能为城市引入新产品;(2)私营企业是中国城市新产品演化的主要引导者,但私企在东部以外区域作用不显著;(3)国有企业为城市引入新产品的平均数量最多,是其他类型企业的2倍,实证结果显示国有企业的作用最稳健,在各区域以及各时间段均保持显著的正向作用;(4)对于中国东部城市,本地市场地位更高、存续年限更短的企业,以及国企和私企更有可能为城市引入新产品;(5)对于中、西和东北部城市,本地市场地位更低、本地存续年限更短的企业,以及国有企业更可能为城市引入新产品。     

北京市地下水动态监测示范工程的建设和应用

北京市地下水动态监测示范工程是北京市科委的重大项目,从1999年开始建设,到2004年4月全面完成.本文详细介绍了该项目的建设及开发内容,以及在北京市地下水动态监测工作中的应用情况.     

中心地理论创新与发展的基本视角和框架

中心地理论是城市地理学揭示规律、解决问题的重要方法之一。面对时代发展、社会转型、技术进步及其带来的城市与区域巨变, 中心地理论需要创新发展。首先, 突破中心地理论的严苛假设、忽视系统动态性和自然-人文要素综合性的固有缺陷, 拓宽其普适性。其次, 以动态的和联系的眼光审视中心地系统外部条件、内部要素和组织形式与机制变化, 从中发现理论创新的视角。包括人口再分布, 城市体系重组, 全球产业网络兴起等宏观背景变化的视角;现代交通条件、信息技术发展、技术革新、体制变革等影响要素和机制变化的视角;全球城市网络形成, 城市带、群、链迅速聚合, 底层中心地重构等中心地系统组织形式新变革的视角;RS、GIS和现代统计手段应用的视角。再次, 中心地理论创新与发展有必要从“肢解”阶段进入到整体完善过程, 构建创新与发展的基本框架:①以指导实际应用, 形成理论和研究范式为创新和发展的目标;②以中心性测度新模型、严苛条件缓和、动态中心地系统、中心地系统畸变模式、中心地扩散域的空间嵌套等为创新和发展的核心内容;③突破自然-人文耦合要素对中心地系统影响机理及模型化表达, 现代中心地系统空间图景, 动态开放的现代中心地系统建设等重点问题。     

On the way to a better state? The role of NGOs in the planning and implementation of protected areas in Brazil

Protected areas are considered some of the most versatile as well as important instruments of nature conservation and environmental policies. The `classic' model of nature conservation aims at the isolation of large areas in order to preserve their `pristine' nature from human interference. However, the transfer of this model to developing countries led to serious conflicts with local people. From a socio-geographical viewpoint, protected areas can be understood as regulative tools for the shaping and controlling of space. This approach helps to recognise the influence of distinct modes of appropriation of space and nature on the emergence and course of conflicts. In the present article it is used to analyse the leading role played by Brazilian NGOs in the transformation of the classic model of protected area management at the beginning of the nineties. Two case studies – dealing with the implementation of the Amazonian Mamirauá Reserve and with the reform of the Brazilian protected area legislation – are used to illustrate not only the success of the new approaches, but also the expectations and contradictions which surround the future development of protected areas in Brazil.     

地理综合研究与陆地系统科学——祝黄秉维院士八十五寿辰

黄秉维先生始终坚持认为,“没有综合性地理研究,地理学便失其存在的依据”,“综合研究是发展自然地理学最主要的方向,同时也是带动部门自然地理学最有效的途径”.综合研究包括现代过程和历史形成这两个互相关联、互相补充的方面,为此60年代他提出自然地理研究的3个方向,实际上是地理学在自然环境层次上的综合。近年来,黄秉维先生提出的“陆地系统科学与区域可持续发展战略研究”,是在新形势下,他一贯主张的地理综合研究思想的继续与发展。他强调综合研究的重要性,指出只有跨学科研究才是综合研究;为了协调人地关系,仅仅有自然方面的综合是不够的,还需要进行社会经济方面的综合和自然与社会经济方面的跨学科研究。     

The Geography of Malnutrition

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of an emerging theme within the subfield of nutritional geography we call the geography of malnutrition. Work relating to malnutrition is a high-priority research topic, with growing relevance to geographical concepts, but there is no overview of geographical approaches to this theme. Using keyword searches in Google Scholar and Web of Science to obtain relevant publications, we identified the major foci of work within this theme: undernutrition, diseases that cause malnutrition, the nutrition transition, and critical and feminist approaches to malnutrition. We review these foci, provide examples of prominent work, and identify areas of research concerning malnutrition that are highly spatial but have yet to be effectively studied using geographic techniques.     

The Upper Permian Sedimentary Facies and Its Role in the Dajing Cu-Sn Deposit, Linxi County, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract: Exhaustive investigations were launched for confirming the upper Permian host rocks of the Dajing Cu-Sn Deposit, probing into the possibility that Dajing is a Sedex type deposit during cosedimentation, complementing the deficiency of previous researches and going further into substantiating the role of the upper Permian strata in the control of ore distribution. After more than two years work, we reclassified the sedimentary facies in the Dajing area and its periphery as shallow fresh water lake and delta. Indicative sedimentary structures, such as ripple marks, rain marks, and mud cracks combined with contemporary fossils, were revealed. Having measured the flow directions, performed chemical comparison, and analyzed various sediments from sourceland in the Dajing area by XRF, we consequently redivided the strata into four sedimentary members, among which P₂l₁ and P₂l₂ were concluded as significant ore-hosted strata. The upper Permian basin was a lateral rift basin. The water and sediments in the basin are much deeper and thicker in the north than those in the south.
The indicators of special sedimentary facies, such as gravity flow, brine pool and synchronogenic stratiform structure of the ore cannot be found in the Dajing area. There was no growth fault, assemblage of sulfide and sulfate, and no zonation as well.
On the basis of study in this area, taking into account the paleosedimentary environment as capriciously flowing shallow lake, which approximated the state of oxidation, we figured that the paleogeography made it prohibitively difficult to form stratiform sulfide deposits which are prone to form in deoxidized environment. It can be ruled out the possibility that the Dajing deposit is a syngenetic deposit during sedimentation.     

African Refugee Communities in Southeast Queensland: forces of concentration and dispersion

Black African refugee communities are a relatively recent addition to the Australia landscape. Between 2001 and 2007, over 5000 refugees from various African nations resettled in Queensland. There are very few data about African refugee settlement geography in Australia and no previous study delineating African refugee settlement within the State of Queensland. This research addresses the knowledge gap by examining the geographic distribution and secondary migration patterns of eight African refugee communities in Southeast Queensland. The research adopted a multi-method approach, mapping quantitative data from an existing secondary database and comparing these to qualitative primary data to determine geographical distribution. Additional qualitative data were used to establish secondary migration patterns of the case study communities. Results show noticeable discrepancies between existing secondary datasets and primary data collected from the communities. These inconsistencies are significant because settlement service providers who use the secondary data to budget, plan and deliver essential settlement services might be underestimating the size of the African communities and missing some settlement locations altogether. The results also reveal a tension between the main socio-cultural forces of concentration and housing forces of dispersion that are driving secondary migration in the communities. A policy recommendation to mitigate the potentially negative effects of residential dispersion on settlement outcomes includes the strategic location of service hubs in key suburbs, such as Moorooka, to which the communities are already drawn.     

中国城市与城市发展理论的历史

论述中国自周期以来的城市概念和理论，指出中国城市性质和城市结构的自有特点及其与西方发展经验为基础的城市概念和理论不同，将中国漫长的演变历史分为封建时代，中华人民共和国建立至1978年和1978年以后的改革开放3个时期。3个时期所形成的城市概念和理论，都有中国特色，是中国城市及城市化向前发展的重要的理解和指导基础。