Correlation of Aptian-Albian sediments in the central part of North Caucasus and Ciscaucasia. Paper 2: Stratigraphy

A complex correlation between outcrops and well sections was performed for the central part of North Caucasus and Ciscaucasia using geophysical, biostratigraphic, and lithostratigraphic methods with new substage and zonal division of the Aptian and Albian sediments taken into account. Previously recognized local subsidiary stratigraphic units (members) were traced into the covered areas, and the stratigraphic position of productive layers was specified.     

Non-volcanic deep low-frequency tremors accompanying slow slips in the southwest Japan subduction zone

Non-volcanic deep low-frequency tremors in southwest Japan exhibit a strong temporal and spatial correlation with slow slip detected by the dense seismic network. The tremor signal is characterized by a low-frequency vibration with a predominant frequency of 0.5–5 Hz without distinct P- or S-wave onset. The tremors are located using the coherent pattern of envelopes over many stations, and are estimated to occur near the transition zone on the plate boundary on the forearc side along the strike of the descending Philippine Sea plate. The belt-like distribution of tremors consists of many clusters. In western Shikoku, the major tremor activity has a recurrence interval of approximately six months, with each episode lasting over a week. The tremor source area migrates during each episode along the strike of the subducting plate with a migration velocity of about 10 km/day. Slow slip events occur contemporaneously with this tremor activity, with a coincident estimated source area that also migrates during each episode. The coupling of tremor and slow slip in western Shikoku is very similar to the episodic tremor and slip phenomenon reported for the Cascadia margin in northwest North America. The duration and recurrence interval of these episodes varies between tremor clusters even on the same subduction zone, attributable to regional difference in the frictional properties of the plate interface.     

韧性剪切带糜棱岩类质量平衡分析——以豫西秦岭群蛇尾剪切带为例

蛇尾剪切带中糜棱岩的质量平衡分析表明:(1)以Al_2O_3守恒为限制条件,该剪切带损失了10％土的质量和体积,糜棱岩类有Na_2O,Zr,Sr的获得;SiO_2,TiO_2,FeO,Fe_2O_3,MgO,MnO,CaO,K_2O及Co,Ni,V,Cr,Cu,Y则损失了;(2)从初糜棱岩-糜棱岩,初糜棱岩-超糜棱岩和糜棱岩-超糜棱岩得出的质量等比线显示,糜棱岩类之间没有明显的质量和体积损失。糜棱岩组分的得失主要发生在初糜棱岩阶段,同初糜棱岩相比,糜棱岩、超糜棱岩有CaO的获得,FeO,MgO,TiO_2,Cr,Co,V,Y微弱的获得,Na_2O则有轻微的损失。     

韧性剪切带位移量统计方法评述——以西秦岭元家坪韧性剪切带为例

韧性剪切带位移量的计算方法较多 ,每一种方法都有它适用的范围 ,应根据区域地质特点选择适宜的方法进行计算。在对元家坪韧性剪切带位移量的计算中 ,对其方法进行了比较 ,认为应用多种方法计算及验证 ,能得出较准确的位移量。     

北祁连西段镜铁山式铜矿预测要素及预测模型

在北祁连镜铁山地区,近年来发现了与中元古界条带状铁建造有关的破碎带蚀变岩型铜矿,如桦树沟铜矿床和柳沟峡铜矿床。分析了铜矿床的预测要素:矿源层为含铜条带状铁建造;有利于矿质活化的构造为透入性构造裂隙;热源为壳源岩浆活动;储矿构造为构造破碎蚀变带。建立了镜铁山式铜矿资源潜力预测的经验公式,对预测区铜远景资源潜力、铁矿石量、透入性构造裂隙发育程度和热源参数的取值分别进行探讨。据此公式估算,整个北祁连西段镜铁山式铜矿的铜金属资源潜力为147.3万t,其中镜铁山矿田铜资源潜力可达约125万t。实地考察也发现了新的找矿有利地段,因此有必要继续加大找矿力度。     

The biogenic origin of needle fibre calcite

Needle fibre calcite is one of the most ubiquitous habits of calcite in vadose environments (caves deposits, soil pores, etc.). Its origin, either through inorganic, indirect or direct biological processes, has long been debated. In this study, investigations at 11 sites in Europe, Africa and Central America support arguments for its biogenic origin. The wide range of needle morphologies is the result of a gradual evolution of the simplest type, a rod. This rod is the elementary brick which, by aggregation and welding, builds more complex needles. The absence of cross‐welded needles implies that they are welded in a mould, or under a longitudinal and unidirectional constraint, before being released inside the soil pores. The difference between the lengthening of the needles and the c axis can be explained by the existence of needles observed under a scanning electron microscope in organic sleeves, which can act as a mould during rod growth. Complex morphologies with epitaxial outgrowths on straight rods cannot have grown entirely inside organic microtubes; they must result from soil diagenesis after the release of straight rods in a soil‐free medium. Whisker crystals are interpreted as the result of growth and coalescence of euhedral crystals on a rod. Rhomb chains are considered to be the consequence of successive epitaxial growth steps on a needle during variations in growth conditions. Isotopic signatures for needle fibre calcite vary from ?16·63‰ to +1·10‰ and from ?8·63‰ to ?2·25‰ for δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O, respectively. The absence of high δ¹⁸O values for needle fibre calcite precludes a purely physicochemical origin (evaporative) for this particular habit of calcite. As epitaxial growth cannot precipitate in the same conditions as initial needles, needle fibre calcite stable isotopic signatures should be used with caution as a proxy for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. In addition, it is suggested that the term needle fibre calcite should be kept for the original biogenic form. The other habit should be referred to as epitaxial forms of needle fibre calcite.     

华北地台北缘花岗岩—绿岩型金矿田及盲矿体的找矿模型

花岗岩—绿岩型金矿田的找矿模型地质上是富镁铁质绿岩、韧性剪切带与重熔岩体的三体一位;物探上位于航磁高背景场的负磁异常带边缘,矿田晕分散流异常规模大、强度高,有明显的浓集中心。隐伏矿床、盲矿体的找矿模型地质上是韧性剪切带、退变质带及脆性断裂带的三体一位;物探上呈现高极化率、低电阻、位于磁异常边缘的“一高一低一边”模型;化探原生晕上呈现As、sb、F、Ag、Bi、W的找矿模型。     

车排子凸起与沙湾凹陷过渡带的构造模型

车排子凸起位于准噶尔盆地扎伊尔山前,是夹持在南部四棵树凹陷和东部沙湾凹陷之间的三角构造带。然而对这个三角构造带是原地掩伏构造,山前推覆构造,还是走滑构造控制形成的认识存在争议。目前对于车排子凸起与沙湾凹陷过渡带的构造变形特征以及变形机制的认识尚不清楚。而过渡带是研究该区构造变形与演化的良好区域,精细研究该区域构造几何学与运动学对于揭示其构造变形机制以及认识盆山之间的关系具有积极作用,并对于该区油气勘探具有重要意义。本文以研究区的连片三维地震资料为基础,运用不整合面识别、轴面分析及平衡剖面等方法,对车排子凸起与沙湾凹陷过渡带进行精细的构造解析、建模与构造复原。研究表明,过渡带发育下二叠统（P₁j-P₁f）,中二叠统（P₂x-P₂w）,上二叠统（P₃w）,三叠系（T）,侏罗系（J）,白垩系（K）与古近系-第四系（E-Q）7个构造变形层序。发育佳木河组底部及石炭系内部滑脱层。深部（前二叠系）构造楔发育于整个过渡带,其个数和几何学形态的变化直接影响了上覆背斜形态。构造楔在早二叠世开始楔入,挤压作用持续至三叠纪末期。晚三叠世发育生长地层,显示了P-T构造层褶皱变形的时间,随后三叠纪末期,过渡带受到来自西北缘造山带方向的逆冲推覆构造的叠加作用,表现在后缘发育一系列叠瓦构造,推覆距离约为8 km,南部逆冲断层上盘二叠系-三叠系被剥蚀完全,北部残余少量下二叠统佳木河组。     

西藏碧土地区怒江缝合带基本特征与演化

碧土地区怒江缝合带由二叠纪—早三叠世蛇绿混杂岩和志留纪─晚三叠世不同类型沉积岩构成的蛇绿─构造混杂带所组成。带中零星出现的蓝闪石、３Ｔ型多硅白云母等组合表明为中高压变质带,以逆冲断裂、褶皱构造构成的双向背冲叠瓦构造为变形特征。该带经历了６个阶段的演化,最终将冈底斯─念青唐古拉陆块和亲扬子的昌都陆块缝合在一起,形成了现今两弧夹一带之构造格局。