基于Web GIS的土地交易信息系统

地理信息系统与网络结合形成的W eb GIS是目前GIS发展的一个重要方向。该文在分析W eb GIS的特点和ArcV iew IMS(InternetMap Server)工作原理的基础上,提出了基于ArcV iew IMS平台的土地交易信息系统,为现代化土地交易市场的建设提供了一个很好的解决方案。     

山东省的FDI、进出口贸易与经济增长——基于协整检验和VEC模型的实证分析

文章选取1988年到2008年山东省6DP、FDI和进出口的统计数据,基于VAR模型,建立向量误差修正模型（VEC）,运用Johansen检验以及Granger因果关系检验分析外商直接投资以及进出口与经济增长之间的关系。分析结果表明,山东省的外商直接投资、对外贸易与经济增长之间存在着长期稳定的均衡关系,并且FDI、进出口均是山东经济增长的Granger原因,FDI也与进出口形成长期的单向因果关系。     

基于MRIO模型的中美欧日贸易隐含碳特点对比分析

基于GTAP8数据库,构建了2004年和2007年全球多区域投入产出（MRIO）表,测算了中国、美国、欧盟和日本基于生产端和消费端的碳排放量,对比了中、美、欧、日各自对外贸易隐含碳特征,分析了中美、中欧、中日双边贸易中的隐含碳特点。结果表明：2004和2007年,中国基于生产端的碳排放高出消费端15%以上,而美、欧、日则低5%左右;中国是隐含碳净出口国,而美、欧、日则属于隐含碳净进口国;中国出口隐含碳最高的前三个行业依次是设备制造业、纺织服装业和其他制造业;美、欧出口隐含碳最多的行业则是设备制造业、交通业和石化工业,日本的出口隐含碳高度集中于设备制造业。     

Drought is the major limiting factor for tree-ring growth of high-altitude Canary Island pines on Tenerife

This is a detailed study of 50 wood cores sampled from 25 Canary Island pines ( Pinus canariensis ) growing in a subtropical climate close to the tree limit (at Lomo de Retamar, 2000–2100 m a.s.l.) on the southern, leeward side of Tenerife.
The Canary Island pines form tree-rings and, similarly to temperate pines, earlywood is formed during spring. But many pines fail to form tree-rings every year and one purpose for this paper has been to find a way to overcome this problem. Another purpose has been to see what correlations, if any, exist between the ring widths and meteorological data. Meteorological data have been collected since 1916 at the nearby Izaña meteorological observatory. It was also important to find the limiting factor for growth of Canary Island pines close to the tree limit.
Through cross-dating, missing rings were found to be typical for younger parts of older trees; in the same years younger trees instead had low growth. Some trees lacked more than 20 rings in a century. This study shows that it is possible to compensate for missing rings, at least when the number of missing rings is less than 10%.
Correlation studies showed that the growth of the tree rings was mainly due to the precipitation factor, particularly the annual precipitation one year before the ring formation, but also due to temperature. Strangely enough, multiple linear regression gave the highest correlation coefficient (0.50) for a combination of annual precipitation one year earlier and temperature four years earlier.     

基于粮食进出口的水土资源潜力估算

随着中国城市化的发展和社会逐渐向工业化进步，水土资源的缺乏与水土资源的需求量增长之间的矛盾变得越来越突出。本文计算了中国1982-2001年粮食进出口所包含的水土资源量，分析了20年来中国粮食贸易中所包含的水土资源量的变化和发展状况，并预测其发展趋势，从粮食进出口的角度分析了粮食进口对缓解中国水土资源压力的可能性及潜力。     

GEOGRAPHERS AND THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY*

ABSTRACT. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was the largest, most comprehensive, and most controversial regional development and planning project in U.S. history. Geographers were involved from its inception and made impressive contributions. Aside from the unit area method of data gathering and mapping, little is known about their contributions, some of which were truly ahead of their time. Although their work and recommendations were often discarded and unheeded because of political turbulence, the geographers rarely complained or entered into the political arena. Their work in the TVA has generally gone unheralded and even unappreciated within the geography profession. The primary purpose of this article is to document their contributions.     

边境贸易与环境保护协调发展研究──以内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟为例*

我国边境贸易作为对外开放的重要组成部分,已获得显着进展。本文在概述我国边境贸易发展过程中所产生的一系列环境问题基础上,以内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟为例,探讨了边境贸易与环境保护协调发展的途径。阐明了:(1)在口岸发展进程中,大气环境、水环境中污染物浓度有增高趋势,固体废弃物排放量增大,应通过城市综合整治,消除污染隐患。(2)在出口商品生产基地建设过程中,在合理利用自然资源的同时,应强调维护生态良性循环,防止过度开垦与放牧,防治湖泊富营养化,倡导清洁生产,用优质产品开拓国际市场。(3)在边境贸易发展过程中,应加强在环境保护领域的国际合作。     

Social Networks as Livelihood Strategies for Small-scale Traders on the Thai–Lao Border

ABSTRACT

Small scale cross-border trade on the Thai–Lao border has come under increasing pressure with the construction of a new Mekong bridge that has expanded formal trade between the two countries. Most small-scale traders are women who, with assistance from family and friends, have developed small businesses from childhood, and created social networks across the border with other traders, and relevant actors such as drivers and government officials. Such networks, trust, experience and familiarity enabled superior access to information and trading concessions that have enabled the continued success of small-scale trade, the maintenance of complex cross-border livelihoods, and the ability of traders across an increasingly regulated border to deal with constraints and risks. A few established traders have developed trade networks and social relationships involving supply chains across several countries.     

Under the state's gaze: Upland trading‐scapes on the Sino‐Vietnamese border

Within the politically‐defined Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), the borderlands of southeast Yunnan, China and Lào Cai province, northern Vietnam, have been categorized as being part of the GMS North‐South Economic Corridor. I argue that the creation of this subregion and corridor have been an opportunity for the governments in these locales to extend their territorialization and create new state spaces. For centuries, relatively isolated and ignored by lowland rulers, ethnic minority residents in these borderlands maintained their own culturally appropriate livelihoods, trade networks and societies. Nowadays, an increasing state presence in the uplands presents both challenges and opportunities for local populations on either side of the border, be they ethnic minorities, or Kinh (lowland Vietnamese) and Han Chinese. Contemporary border narratives gathered from local traders managing important upland commodities shed light on the means by which these borderland spaces are shaping both attractive prospects as well as restrictive constraints. Local residents fashion new trading‐scapes by drawing on kin ties, historical linkages, local indigenous knowledges and transnational societies that reach deep inside each country. As inhabitants carefully avoid or manipulate the state's gaze, I conclude that those living in the Sino‐Vietnamese borderlands possess the agency to ‘do things differently’ from hegemonic development approaches supported by GMS sponsors, and can create, maintain, support and refashion culturally appropriate trade livelihoods.     

中国区域间隐含污染转移研究

随着世界经济一体化程度不断加深,国际贸易中的隐含资源和隐含污染受到广泛关注,但目前对中国区域间隐含污染转移的研究较为欠缺。本文首先从理论层面对隐含污染转移现象进行剖析,从地理学角度探讨了污染转移的模式;然后,基于区域间投入产出表,构建区域间隐含污染转移的评估模型;选取SO₂、COD、固体废弃物及重金属四种典型工业污染物,评估2007 年中国各区域本地最终使用中的隐含污染,及区域间隐含污染转移量,揭示我国隐含污染转移的空间特征。研究发现中国整体上是隐含污染的输出地区,国内隐含污染转移主要是从经济欠发达的中西部地区流向城市化率较高、经济发达的东部沿海地区,实际上是东部地区通过区域间贸易将自身的污染排放负担转移到中西部地区。最后基于隐含污染转移格局,对区域污染物减排政策的制定提出了一系列建议。