The effectiveness of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme

How effective is the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) in promoting emissions reduction for compliance with the Kyoto Protocol commitment? A theoretical benchmark is determined in order to assess the stringency of the ETS cap and to evaluate whether emissions allowances have been over-allocated. This analysis clarifies how the emissions reduction effort has been divided between ETS and non-ETS sectors, highlighting the extent to which Member States effectively rely on the ETS to comply with their Kyoto commitments. Finally, inefficiencies relating to the over-allocation of allowances are analysed; namely cross-subsidization from non-ETS to ETS sectors, national subsidies to the ETS sectors, and distortion of competition.     

产业内贸易与产业结构的优化——基于中国制造业动态面板数据的研究

＂十二五＂时期是促进中国工业转型和产业结构调整的重要机遇期。本文在统计分析中国产业内贸易与产业结构优化现状的基础上,分别检验产业内贸易与产业结构合理化和高度化之间存在的相关性,并运用动态面板数据模型进行回归分析,回归结果表明产业内贸易能有效促进产业结构优化,但在不同技术附加值的行业中存在差异,产业内贸易能有效提升高技术产业结构合理化水平,提升低技术、中等技术产业结构高度化水平。因此,有必要根据产业内贸易对不同技术附加值产业结构优化的影响制定产业政策,逐步实现产业结构的优化调整。     

中尼口岸贸易与跨境交通耦合协调研究

中尼口岸作为环喜马拉雅经济合作带的窗口,其贸易和交通发展是中国建设“面向南亚开放大通道”的重要支撑。论文探讨口岸贸易与跨境交通的耦合协调机理,运用评价指标体系法和可达性模型分别评估中尼口岸的贸易可持续发展水平和跨境交通可达性,运用耦合协调模型分析2010—2019年中尼口岸贸易可持续性与跨境交通可达性的耦合协调关系。研究结果表明：① 口岸贸易与跨境交通复合系统是一个具有交互耦合关系的有机整体,口岸贸易与跨境交通高水平同步发展是口岸贸易与跨境交通耦合协调的关键。② 中尼口岸贸易的整体可持续发展水平偏低,贸易流量是中尼口岸贸易可持续发展的关键要素;中尼口岸的跨境交通可达性提升缓慢,樟木口岸的跨境运输优势明显。③ 中尼口岸贸易与交通发展的耦合协调整体处于中度失调状态,贸易滞后于交通发展,交通对贸易的促进作用有限。为了推进口岸贸易与跨境交通的耦合协调发展,应当充分发挥中尼口岸的货运职能,大力发展尼泊尔转口贸易,打通南亚大市场。加快建设吉隆口岸跨境经济合作区;远期打造新通道以发挥樟木口岸大宗货物运输功能;利用直升机发展普兰(斜尔瓦)口岸的“神山圣湖”旅游经济,促进口岸贸易可持续发展。     

自贸港发展与海南—南海区域经济一体化研究

在经济地理学的理论视野下,海南岛的岛屿特征、海洋属性与离岛空间特质以及自贸港的特殊制度安排,为推动区域一体化提供了新的研究视角。文章提出海南—南海的经济地理新概念,构建由空间理念、空间机制与空间行为3个维度组成的分析框架,并探讨自贸港发展推动海南—南海区域经济一体化的路径和前景。结果表明,空间理念、空间机制、空间行为在自贸港发展推动区域经济一体化的过程中,发挥文化理念动力、规则制度动力、行为利益动力的作用。在空间理念层面,自贸港发展过程中应落实海洋命运共同体理念、新发展理念;在空间机制层面,自贸港发展过程中要加强制度创新、完善海洋治理;在空间行为层面,自贸港发展过程中要构建海南—南海空间内的循环经济圈,强化“21世纪海上丝绸之路”合作。总体而言,面对国际体系转型与贸易保护主义,把握自贸港建设与区域一体化的内在逻辑、影响机制与实践路径,具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。     

Sources and flows of embodied CO2 emissions in import and export trade of China

This paper uses the Global Trade Analysis Project(version 7)database to calculate embodied CO2emissions in bilateral trade between China and other countries(regions)based on input-output methods.The sources and flows of embodied CO2emissions in import and export trade of China are analyzed.Results show that the flows of embodied CO2emissions in export trade are highly concentrated.The main flows to the United States(US)and Japan account for 1/4 and 1/7 of the total CO2emissions in export trade,respectively.Concentrated flows of total exports and small differences in export structure are the main reasons for the highly concentrated export trade.The sources of embodied CO2emissions in import trade have relatively low concentration.Taiwan Province of China,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,US,Russia,Republic of Korea,and Japan account for around 7.72%–12.67%of the total embodied CO2emissions in import trade.The relative dispersion of import sources,the impact of the import structure,and the level of production technology in importing countries caused low concentration of CO2emissions in import trade.Overall,the embodied CO2emissions in the export trade of China are higher than those in import trade.As a result,production-based CO2emissions are higher than consumption-based CO2emissions.The difference of 8.96×108t of CO2,which comes mainly from the US,Japan,Germany,and the United Kingdom,accounts for 58.70%of the total difference.Some suggestions,such as improving energy efficiency,alerting high carbon-intensive industries transfer,expanding the market for sharing risks,and prompting the accounting system of consumption-based CO2emissions,are proposed based on the results.     

水产品合法性标签制度的法律属性及其立法完善

为促进我国渔业资源和水产品贸易的可持续发展,文章结合国际和国内的相关实践情况,分析我国水产品合法性标签制度的立法现状和存在的不足,尝试解答其中的关键问题即水产品合法性标签制度的法律属性,并就相关立法的完善提出建议。研究结果表明:水产品合法性标签制度是国际社会破解非法、不报告和不管制捕捞难题的重要制度,我国已开展相关实践并推动立法进程;目前我国水产品合法性标签制度的立法现状主要包括发布相关规范性文件和修订渔业法律,但该项制度在法律依据等方面仍存在不足;水产品合法性标签在法律上应被认定为强制标志,该项制度应属于强制性行政确认,且可适用于水产品国内贸易;在我国渔业法律的修订过程中,应通过健全实施程序和明确法律后果,进一步完善水产品合法性标签制度。     

Embodied land in China’s provinces from the perspective of regional trade

With the continuous enhancement of regional connectivity, the indirect use of land resources through the pathways of trade in goods and services plays an increasingly important role in the overall utilization of land resources. Despite this, relevant research in this field is still in its infancy, and few papers have addressed this issue. This paper uses a multi-regional input-output model to calculate the embodied land in the 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and eight regions of China from the perspective of regional trade and further analyzes the spatial pattern of characteristics associated with embodied land flows. The results show that the amount of embodied land occupied by China’s inter-regional trade accounts for 21.39% of the country’s total land, and an average of 38.54% of China’s provincial land demand is met by land exports from other provinces. More than 80% of land consumed by Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai is from other provinces. The provinces of Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Hebei are the largest net exporters of cultivated land, forest and grazing and aquatic land, fishery land, and built-up land, respectively (the outflows account for 42.26%, 27.53%, 38.66%, and 35.28% of the corresponding land types in the province); and Guangdong, Shandong, and Zhejiang are the main net importers. The flow of agricultural land (cultivated land, forest land, grazing land, and aquatic land) generally shows a shift from west to east and from north to south. The regions in northeast and northwest China have the largest scale of agricultural land outflows, mainly into East and South China. In addition, 8.43% of cultivated land, 7.47% of forest land, 6.41% of grazing land, 6.88% of aquatic land, and 18.35% of built-up land in China are provided for foreign use through international trade. This paper provides feasible ideas and a theoretical basis for solving the contradiction between land use and ecological protection, which could potentially help to achieve sustainable land use in China.     

A Multilevel Analysis of Agricultural Trade and Socioeconomic Inequality in Rural Mozambique

This study uses a mixed methodology to investigate the relationship between agricultural trade and socioeconomic inequality in Mozambique at multiple geographical scales. The quantitative analysis examines all rural regions of the country and a nationally representative sample of rural households, whereas the qualitative analysis focuses primarily on two case study villages. Research findings suggest that social and geographical context greatly influence the relationships between agricultural trade and regional inequality. Trade-related effects on economic inequality—and the social status of traders—vary across Mozambican regions. Results suggest that trade increases inequality in regions where traders have low social status, but reduces inequality in areas where they have high social status. These findings suggest that social and economic factors work together to shape landscapes of inequality.     

A Review of “India's New Economic Policy: A Critical Analysis”

Entering overseas markets provides challenges for firms, especially for those with little international experience. These obstacles can be compounded for manufacturers of advanced machinery, as previous research suggests that a physical presence is necessary for the successful implementation of their products in export markets. One way for producers to address this issue is to participate in trade fairs, which enables a physical presence of staff and machinery to be established. Evidence from a survey of Korean machinery producers at a recent trade fair suggests that a physical presence is related to the importance that firms ascribe to exports and to the role of trade fairs in new sales.     

The experimental governing of mobility and trade on the China‐Laos frontier: The Tai Lue case

This paper discusses the governing of subjects and objects' mobility in the context of trans‐border rice and corn trade on the China‐Laos frontier. It traces the attempts by a group of ethnic Tai Lue traders from China to assert themselves as ‘flexible subjects’ and economically triumphant actors on the Upper Mekong market in the era of economic regionalization. It illustrates how, between 2005 and mid‐2006, the traders' economic success relied on a variety of ‘border strategies’. ‘Border strategies’ include a gender‐balanced organization of trade, the instrumental deployment of trans‐border ethnicity, the appropriation of a Han style of business, the opportunistic reliance on the Chinese administration's ‘regime of graduated mobility’, and the enactment of a ‘war‐machine’ against Lao state agents. Yet, in late 2006, a new wave of state authoritarianism, enmeshed in corporate accumulation processes, inhibited the traders' success. The paper suggests that, unlike what some defenders of globalization and transnational theories maintain, in the age of economic regionalization, the alleged flexibility and increased mobility of subjects and objects across the borders of the Greater Mekong Subregion remain conditional on an unpredictable mechanism of loosening and tightening. This is part of a long‐applied governing pattern of ‘experimentation under hierarchy’ on the Sino‐Lao frontier.