山东省新一代天气雷达组网业务应用

为挖掘雷达应用潜力、充分发挥雷达的整体建设效益，山东省气象局进行了雷达产品的实时拼图和实时远程调用研发工作。通过宽带网实时收集、存贮雷达产品，增置省级雷达产品服务器、建立辅PUP，实现了山东全省5部新一代天气雷达及邻省周边雷达每6分钟一次实时拼图产品和雷达产品远程调用。对于省级气象台所关注的范围，拼图产品能有效地监测预警辖区内各种尺度天气系统的移动和演变；对于局地性强的中小尺度对流天气，雷达产品远程调用能实现CINRAD／SA雷达PUP上的重定中心、局部放大、动画显示、光标联接、地图和产品叠加等功能，对于远距离下级台站的精细预报的指导是十分有用并且可行的。从国家信息中心获取周边邻近雷达的产品信息，对于及时了解上游及周边天气情况非常有用。     

Geochemical Changes in Spring Water Associated with the 2000 Eruption of the Miyakejima Volcano, Japan

Water was sampled from eight springs and a lake in volcanic Miyakejima Island of Japan after the 2000 eruption. Major chemical and isotopic compositions of the water were analyzed. Significant increases of sulfate ion are observed in several springs where the thickness of ejecta exceeds 32 mm. A good relationship of Cl/S mole ratios between spring water and leachate of the ejecta is observed. Sulfur isotopic compositions of the spring water become close to that of leachate of the ejecta as time elapses after the eruption. Consequently the sources of the added sulfate ion in the spring water after the eruption are interpreted to be anhydrite and adhered sulfur of the ejecta.     

天山北坡中段主要河流的枯季径流分析

枯水径流是构成河川径流年内分配的重要组成部分,在水资源评价、生态环境及工程水文分析计算中是必不可少的,它是河川径流的一种特殊形态。研究区域地处新疆经济社会发展的中心地带—天山北坡经济带,是水资源紧缺地区,对其枯季径流进行较深入的分析研究,有其重要的现实意义。对天山北坡中段主要河流的冬季、枯水期、最小月和最小日平均流量作了初步分析,并提出某些区域性的基本规律。     

巴州地区一次大降水过程的分析

对2002年6月16～18日、21日巴州地区出现的大范围的降水天气过程，重点从环流形势、物理量场以及数值预报产品的应用等方面作了初步分析，得出了一些有益的结论。     

Primary Product Distribution from the Reaction of Hydroxyl Radicals with Toluene at ppb NOX Mixing Ratios

A study has been conducted to examine the OH-initiated degradation products of toluene in the presence of sub part-per-million levels of NO_X. The experiments were conducted in a dynamic reactor to minimize the conversion of the aromatic compounds while allowing a sufficient mass of products to be collected for analysis. The major primary products detected in the toluene system (with molar yields) include glyoxal (0.238), methylglyoxal (0.167), o-cresol (0.120), benzaldehyde (0.06), 4-oxo-2-pentenal (0.03), and p-cresol (0.03). Six other reaction products, most being ring cleavage products, were measured at yields below 3%. Corrections for secondary OH reactions with the products were made where necessary. The formation of the cresol isomers was found to be invariant to the NO₂ concentrations which indicates that under atmospheric conditions the initial hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical reaction with NO₂ is a minor process and that most of the reaction occurs with O₂. The product yields found in this study are expected to be representative of those that occur in the urban atmosphere at ambient NO₂ concentrations.     

Using Chlorine Dioxide for Drinking Water Disinfection by the Application of the Chlorite/Chlorine Process

Chlorine dioxide stock solutions for the disinfection of drinking water are made by the application of chlorite/chlorine process in many waterworks. In such cases the stock solution is always characterised by a mixture of chlorine and chlorine dioxide. The disinfection of waters of different origin with a mixture of chlorine dioxide and chlorine showed the formation of odours of different intensity. The reasons are the re‐formation of chlorine dioxide and the formation of odorous disinfection by‐products. Applying the chlorine dioxide for disinfection, its re‐formation caused by the reaction of chlorite with chlorine is the dominant reason of odour formation. When chlorine is used, the formation of odorous by‐products becomes more relevant. In order to quantify the sensitivity of water concerning odour, the odour indicator coefficient OI was defined. The decreased demand of chlorine dioxide by applying chlorine and chlorine dioxide in combination is recognised to be the key in order to avoid the formation of odour after the disinfection of drinking water with chlorine dioxide.     

成都市土壤环境质量及优质农产品基地选区地球化学评价

以成都市土壤第一环境832件样品和土壤第二环境3061件样品53个元素的准确定量测试数据为基础,确定了成都市土壤中13种植物必须的营养元素及有益元素和5种对植物有害元素的背景值和过量限值及不足限值,并以此为基础进行成都市土壤环境质量评价和优质农产品基地选区地球化学评价。     

GIS数字地图质量子幅抽样方案的探讨

在对数字地图产品实行抽样检验的基本原理和抽样方案的基础上,对数字地图提出了一种新的1/m子幅质量抽样检验方法,并对其原理与方法进行了探讨,同时以特征曲线(OC曲线)分析了这种方法的可行性,这种新的1/m子幅抽样检验方法也可以通过调整已有的整幅抽样方案而获得.     

地质调查产品有效供应理论分析

传统公共经济学中关于公共产品有效供应的分析在理论假设和数学模型上都存在问题。这种理论难以指导现实中公共产品的有效提供,尤其是日益重要的地质调查产品的有效供应。利用一般概率模型和信息经济学模型对地质调查产品的供应进行分析后可以得出对中国地质调查产品有效供应的更清晰的认识。     

城市环境立法能够提升企业出口国内附加值率吗?——基于双重差分模型（DID）的实证研究

城市环境立法是推进生态文明建设的重要法制保障,也会因强化的环境规制而对企业贸易行为产生深刻影响。基于2000—2013年中国工业企业和海关数据库,以城市环境立法为准自然实验,运用双重差分法考察其对企业出口国内附加值率的影响。研究表明：① 城市环境立法在样本期内虽然不利于企业出口国内附加值率的提升,但随着立法时间效应累积,“波特效应”会逐渐增强,城市环境立法的负向影响会被不断减弱。② 异质性分析发现,城市环境立法对较低创新型企业、低融资约束企业、加工贸易型企业以及“两控区”企业出口国内附加值率的负向影响更为显著。③ 机制研究表明,城市环境立法引致的“中间品替代效应”会降低企业出口国内附加值率,即城市环境立法在一定程度上增加了企业国内生产成本,从而导致国内中间品种类和数量下降,进而使得企业出口国内附加值率下降;此外,城市环境立法又会通过“成本加成效应”提升企业出口国内附加值率,即城市环境立法会倒逼企业创新继而提高企业成本加成率,使得企业出口国内附加值率得以提升。但负向的“中间品替代效应”大于正向的“成本加成效应”,从而使得城市环境立法不利于企业出口国内附加值率的提升。不断健全地方环境法律法规,提升地方政府环境治理能力,推动企业技术创新与绿色生产,是实现经济高质量发展的有效路径。