南秦岭石泉北部将军河地区中酸性岩脉锆石U-Pb 年代学及其构造意义

南秦岭石泉北部中酸性岩脉发育,大部分岩脉与地层之间为构造接触关系,其形成时代及与区域金矿化的关系一直存在疑问。本研究采集石泉北部将军河地区中酸性岩脉13件,通过详细野外观察与室内鉴定,确定岩脉的岩性主要为闪长岩类。主量元素分析数据表明闪长岩的SiO_2含量为53.19%~68.48%,铝饱和指数A/CNK值为0.67~1.28,里特曼指数σ值介于1.4~2.93之间;微量元素分析数据表明中酸性闪长岩脉的稀土总量较低(ΣREE=44.54×10~(-6)~253.23×10~(-6)),REE球粒陨石标准化图呈轻、重稀土高度分馏的右倾型(HREE/LREE=6.15~14.87,(La/Yb)_N=5.97~38.67),具有弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.68~0.88);微量元素蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、K、Sr)与高场强元素(Zr、Hf),相对亏损高场强元素(HREE、Ti、P、Th),岩脉可能来自于与消减作用有关的下地壳物质重熔。闪长岩脉的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为771.9±3.4Ma,与汉南杂岩、安康北部的凤凰山内新元古代的岩浆活动具有同步性,指示区域伸展裂解的构造背景。根据野外填图推测南秦岭石泉北部将军河地区新元古代的岩脉对金矿的形成没有直接关系。     

地震前兆台网产出与服务进展

回顾与总结了近年来我国地震前兆台网在观测数据产品质量监控、专业产品产出、产品管理与服务平台建设等方面取得的进展。介绍了当前地震前兆台网产出的主要产品、产品管理与服务平台和近年来的产出与服务情况,并对前兆台网产出产品的应用服务问题进行分析和讨论。     

“863”计划——极地遥感项目现场验证方法研究

系统地介绍了“863”地球观测与导航技术领域重点项目——“面向全球气候变化的极地环境遥感关键技术与系统研究”,并就其中的相关研究进行现场试验和南极现场验证的工作,也对遥感产品真实性验证提出了新的方法,具有广泛的推广价值。     

MODIS大气产品的光合有效辐射估算研究

利用气溶胶、水汽、云以及臭氧等MODIS标准大气产品,在简单辐射传输模型基础上估算青藏高原光合有效辐射,经验证估算的光合有效辐射与实测数据存在显著的线性相关,相关系数在0.8—0.9之间,最大误差为13%。经过敏感性分析发现云层厚度、气溶胶含量以及大气压力对光合有效辐射的影响大。臭氧和水汽含量的变化不敏感。云层厚度、Angstrom浑浊度系数和大气压力分别变化30%、25%和15%时,光合有效辐射变化分别为20%、5%和5%。     

Crop area mapping in West Africa using landscape stratification of MODIS time series and comparison with existing global land products

In Africa, food security early warning systems use satellite-derived data concerning crop conditions and agricultural production. Such systems can be improved if they are provided with a more reliable estimation of the cultivated area at national scale. This paper evaluates the potential of using time series from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MOD13Q1 (16-day composite of normalized difference vegetation index at 250 m resolution) to extract cultivated areas in the fragmented rural landscapes of Mali. To this end, we first stratified Southern Mali into 13 rural landscapes based on the spatio-temporal variability of NDVI and textural indices, using an object-oriented classification scheme.The accuracy of the resulting map (MODIS_crop) and how it compares with existing coarse-resolution global land products (GLC2000 Africa, GLOBCOVER, MODIS V05 and ECOCLIMAP-II), was then assessed against six crop/non-crop maps derived from SPOT 2.5 m resolution images used as references. For crop areal coverage, the MODIS_crop cultivated map was successful in assessing the overall cultivated area at five out of the six validation sites (less than 6% of the absolute difference), while in terms of crop spatial distribution, the producer accuracy was between 33.1% and 80.8%. This accuracy was linearly correlated with the mean patch size index calculated on the SPOT crop maps (r² = 0.8). Using the Pareto boundary as an accuracy assessment method at the study sites, we showed that (i) 20-40% of the classification crop error was due to the spatial resolution of the MODIS sensor (250 m), and that (ii) compared to MODIS V05, which otherwise performed better than the other existing products, MODIS_crop generally minimized omission-commission errors. A spatial validation of the different products was carried out using SPOT image classifications as reference. In the corresponding error matrices, the fraction of correctly classified pixels for our product was 70%, compared to 58% for MODIS V05, while it ranged between 40% and 51% for the GLC2000, the ECOCLIMAP-II and the GLOBCOVER.     

一次中尺度强降水天气过程分析

利用常规观测资料、卫星云图、自动站气象观测资料和多普勒雷达等资料,对2011年6月16日玉林市南部一次中尺度强降水过程进行天气动力学和中尺度分析,结果表明:这次暴雨是在有利的大尺度环流下产生,通过中尺度系统激发而产生的。高空低槽和低空切变辐合是强降水产生的前提条件,中尺度对流云团强烈发展是强降水产生直接原因;分析红外云图的TBB、多普勒雷达反射率和基本速度、地形条件等方面都很好地阐述了本次强降水的暴雨中心。     

The effect of the intermediate principal stress on the ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation on rock masses

In this paper, the strength envelope of rock masses is considered to follow a non-linear unified strength criterion that considers the effect of the intermediate principal stress. A unified slip line method for resolving the differential equation system that governs the stress field is established to research the ultimate bearing capacity, which can be adapted for a wide variety of rock masses. Through this new theory, a suitable characteristic method for rock masses of interest can be obtained, and the relationships between different types of characteristic methods are revealed. The characteristic methods are based on different strength criteria, such as the Hoek–Brown criterion, modified Hoek–Brown criterion, or non-linear twin-shear strength criterion; each of these criteria is a special case of the proposed theory. Moreover, a series of new characteristic methods can be easily derived from it. In terms of the proposed theory, the ultimate bearing capacity with the Hoek–Brown criterion forms the lower bound; the ultimate bearing capacity with a non-linear twin-shear strength criterion forms the upper bound; and a series of the ultimate bearing capacities ranging between these two bounds may be derived from a non-linear unified strength criterion. A comparison is made between existing numerical analyses and non-linear finite element analysis solutions with the Drucker–Prager strength criterion. It is shown that the present results are in good agreement with existing numerical analyses and non-linear finite element analysis solutions with the Drucker–Prager strength criterion.     

真三轴状态下砂土的强度参数

基于SMP强度准则和三剪切角理论,推导了一般应力状态和轴对称状态下砂土峰值内摩擦角间的转换公式,并研究了中主应力比的影响。考虑到轴对称压缩状态和轴对称拉伸状态所得峰值内摩擦角间的差异,对所得公式进行修正。将修正前后公式的预测结果与真三轴试验结果对比表明,若要合理描述砂土在一般应力状态下的强度特性,应当考虑三轴拉伸和三轴压缩状态下强度参数间差异的影响。     

地形分析中栅格中间层构建的尺度适应性

栅格中间层是指在地形分析中由DEM、DSM、矢量数据等原始数据,经过一系列栅格运算获取且可以重用的基础栅格层。本文系统研究了栅格中间层构建的尺度适应性,定义了范围、比例尺、分辨率和分析4种尺度,并确定了范围、比例尺和分辨率尺度的确定原则;特别对于分析尺度,通过地貌因子计算进行了切线、剖面曲率栅格层分析尺度适宜性试验,分析了曲率计算中适宜的算法和分析尺度,保证了地形基础因子栅格中间层具有满足分析要求的数值精度和匹配地形起伏的形态精度。     

Key Methods and Experiment Verification for the Validation of Quantitative Remote Sensing Products

The validation is an important guarantee of quality, reliability and applicability of Remote Sensing Products (RSPs), and is also the foundation to improve the RSPs accuracy, extend the application domain and strength the application ability. This paper introduced the progresses and lessons learned from a project titled by ‘key technology of remote sensing products validation and its experimental evaluation’ supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China. The progresses included: ①Formulating a series of national standards composed of general methods for the validation of terrestrial quantative RSPs, field-site selection and instrumentation for land surface RSPs, and other 24 individual standards of remote sensing variables; ②Building integral technique process system of RSPs validation; ③Developing some key methods from optimized spatial sampling, upscaling to validation strategy; ④Obtaining the multi-scale satellite-airborne-ground synchronized observation and evaluating systematically the validation standard and techniques; ⑤Setting up national validation network for RSPs, exploring multi-mode allied observation experiment and forming the prototype and operation mechanism for the validation network.