MORPHOLOGIC EQUATIONS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF MAXIMUM ENTROPY

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矿物—熔体间元素分配系数资料及主要变化规律

本文提供了不同成分的8大类主岩(偏铝质(超)基性岩、过碱性(超)基性岩、偏铝质中性岩、过碱性中性岩、偏铝质酸性岩、过碱性酸性岩、过铝质酸性岩、超酸性岩)中28个矿物(橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、角闪石、黑云母、金云母、斜长石、钾长石、石英、磁铁矿、钛铁矿、石榴石、锆石、磷灰石、绿帘石、黄玉、榍石、堇青石、蓝方石、石榴石、霞石、白磷钙矿、镁铁钛矿、板钛矿、黄长石、钙钛矿、尖晶石、金红石)的69个化学元素(Li、Rb、Cs、K、Na、Ca、Sr、Ba、Mn、Fe、Mg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Be、La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y、Sc、Cr、In、Ga、Al、B、Cd、Sb、Bi、U、Th、Zr、Hf、Si、Ti、Ge、Sn、Mo、Nb、Ta、W、V、P、F、Cl、S、N、O、C、As、Pu、Re、Os、He、Ne、Ar、Xe、Kr)和1个化学一价原子团OH的分配系数。综合分析对比表明,矿物、熔体的成分和结构是分配系数的最重要的控制因素。对前人未讨论过的矿物结构和熔体铝过饱和度这两个因素应引起重视。最后,本文分析了矿物-熔体间元素分配系数的研究现状、存在问题,指出了这一领域今后的研究方向。     

Complex Site Effects in Thessaloniki (Greece): II. 2D SH Modelling and Engineering Insights

This paper presents results of numerical modelling of site response for Thessaloniki, obtained with two different 2D methods; a finite difference and a finite element method. Ground motion across a 2D model of the subsoil of the city has been simulated for vertically incident SH waves. The predominance of locally generated surface waves is very clear in the synthetic seismograms of a weak event and of stronger ones. These results are then compared with the observations in time domain and frequency domain. The role of the soil formations with high attenuation in the lateral propagation and the effect of the differential motion close to the lateral variations are also pinpointed. The stronger events were finally used to compute strong ground motion in order to reveal and to discuss practical engineering aspects such as peak ground acceleration value, the most familiar indicator in seismic norms, the soil to rock spectral coefficients for the period bandwidth of interest, and the aggravation factor in terms of 2D to 1D response spectra as a useful ruler to account for complex site effects.     

Unravelling the microfacies signatures of parasequences using computer-optimized similarity matrices

The microfacies of a Lower Cretaceous carbonate drillcore from Oman are characterized using optimizing matrices of Jaccard's similarity coefficients of community. Other than systems tract boundaries, there is no obvious evidence of individual parasequences in the core. However, diagnostic patterns in microfossil distribution identify environmental gradients recording changes in water depth. These gradients are used to define individual parasequences, parasequence sets, stacking patterns and key surfaces. The patterns suggest that deposition was controlled by successive fourth‐ to fifth‐order (high‐frequency) relative sea‐level cycles superimposed on an underlying third‐order relative sea‐level rise. Although the correlation of these depositional subunits to systematic changes in water depth and the rate of carbonate accumulation alone is not incontrovertible proof of such a sea‐level control, concurrent multiorder relative sea‐level cyclicity provides by far the most likely explanation. A microfacies deposited when the water depth was shallowing is characterized by a relay of microfossils with affinities that shallow upwards. Conversely, a microfacies that records a gradual increase in water depth has a relay of microfossils with affinities that deepen upwards. Microfacies characterized by an assemblage of microfossils with similar affinities record deposition when the benthic environmental conditions remained stable, either because of an equilibrium between shallow water carbonate deposition and rising sea level, or in deeper water where sediment composition was relatively insensitive to changes of water depth. Microfacies characterized by mixed affinity assemblages record syndepositional reworking. During periods of embedded multiorder sea‐level changes, individual parasequences within systems tracts are shown to record more complex environmental gradients than simply the repetition of successive shallowing‐up units as traditionally represented in carbonate sequence stratigraphic models. The microfacies of an individual parasequence may shallow up, or may record both deepening‐up and shallowing‐up depositional phases, as well as periods of sedimentation when benthic environments remained stable. Individual parasequence boundaries may be submarine or subaerial unconformities, or be conformable, as part of a predictable stratigraphic pattern related to the temporal position of an individual parasequence within the underlying third‐order cycle of relative sea‐level change. The hitherto ubiquitous use of assemblages to describe carbonate microfacies, coupled with the widespread use of the metre‐scale shallowing‐up template to identify parasequences, may have led to such complexities previously being overlooked.     

323.15K下LiCl-Li2SO4-H2O体系热力学性质的等压研究

在50℃下用等压法研究了LiCl和Li2SO4的纯盐水溶液(浓度范围分别为0 8～8 1mol·kg-1,0 7～3 1mol·kg-1)以及LiCl-Li2SO4-H2O混合体系(离子强度范围为1 0～8 6mol·kg-1)的渗透系数和水活度等热力学性质,并与0℃,25℃的数据做了对比,揭示了渗透系数随离子强度、温度及Li2SO4离子浓度分数之间的变化规律。Zdanovskii规则非理想溶液表达式和扩展式可以用来描述该体系等压平衡浓度之间的关系。根据Pitzer离子相互作用模型对实验数据进行了理论分析,拟合求取了50℃下该体系的纯盐参数和混合参数,计算值和实验值相吻合,表明Pitzer模型能够较好的描述50℃下该体系的热力学性质。     

用广义消除旁瓣聚束滤波方法消除三维地震资料中的相关噪音

本文提出了一个新的方法以消除三维地震资料中的相关噪音。广义消除旁瓣聚束滤波方法(GSC)作为自适应线性约束聚束滤波方法(LCMV)的一个广义形式,包括一个固定的自适应聚束滤波器和一个在无约束聚束滤波器前的控制矩阵。考虑到三维观测系统的复杂性、在三维聚束滤波方法设计中有两个关键点:(1)采用将地震资料按方位角分区,把三维时距关系简化为二维;(2)引入动态平衡面元,避免有的方位角分区内地震道数可能不够。合成资料和实际资料结果表明,新研究的广义消除旁瓣聚束滤波方法能够得到高效、稳定和高分辨率的解。     

Evaluation of seismic site factors in the Mississippi Embayment. II. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis with nonlinear site effects

An integrated probabilistic seismic hazard analysis procedure that incorporates nonlinear site effects, PSHA-NL, is developed and used to characterize the influence of thick deposits of the upper Mississippi Embayment (ME) on seismic site coefficients. PSHA-NL follows the methodology of the 2002 USGS hazard maps and generates a compatible set of ground motion records. The motions are propagated using nonlinear and equivalent linear site response analyses and ME properties developed in a companion paper and used to derive surface uniform hazard response spectra. A set of generic site coefficients are derived and summarized in a format similar to NEHRP site coefficients, with an added dimension of ME deposits thickness to the Paleozoic rock, a physically meaningful impedance boundary. These coefficients compare well with NEHRP site coefficients for 30 m profiles. For thicker soil profiles, developed site coefficients are lower at short periods and higher at long periods than NEHRP site coefficients.     

KL变换消除探地雷达数据中的水平相干噪声

由于探地雷达采用共偏移距剖面的工作方式,造成数据记录中存在大量水平相干噪声。探讨了采用KL变换消除这些水平相干噪声的方法,并给出了具体的实现步骤。最后通过模型试验和实际数据验证了该方法的有效性。     

干涉合成孔径雷达及其在火山研究中的应用(第二部分:阿拉斯加火山的InSAR成像)(英文)

干涉合成孔径雷达是一项能够对地表变形进行测量的遥感技术,在一个巨大区域内,它的变形测量精度可达亚厘米级,而其空间分辨率则在数十米以内。本文对我们应用InSAR技术对阿拉斯加火山进行研究的最新成果进行了总结,同时包括火山的喷发和非喷发活动。这些研究成果表明InSAR不仅能够增进我们对阿拉斯加火山活动的理解,而且还能够增强我们对未来火山喷发情况及其灾害的预测能力。     

基于奇异值分解和小波阈值方法的地震资料处理方法

奇异值分解是一种基于代数特征值的提取方法,小波变换是一种时间频率域的去噪方法,两者在去噪方面各有特点。将奇异值分解和小波阈值去噪的方法有机地结合起来,用于消除地震勘探资料中的随机噪声。仿真实验显示对于较低信噪比资料仍有很好的处理效果。