基于客观识别的冬季南支槽强度年际变化及其与南方降水的关联性

利用欧洲中心ERA Interim逐日再分析资料,基于南支槽客观识别方法定义了一个南支槽强度指数,并结合格点降水资料,对1980—2019年冬季南支槽强度的年际变化特征及其与中国降水、大气环流和水汽输送的联系进行了研究。结果表明：① 南支槽强度变化主要呈准4年周期。② 赤道中东太平洋海温是影响南支槽年际变化的一个重要因素,与南支槽强度有很强的负相关关系,其中Nino 3区的海温变化对南支槽强度的影响更显著。③ 南支槽偏强年从云南南部到华南一带降水量较常年偏多,其中广东、湖南和江西南部至福建一带降水量较常年偏多30 mm以上;南支槽偏弱年西南至华南一带降水较常年偏少,其中广东、广西东部降水量较常年偏少30 mm以上。④ 南支槽偏强年时存在两支异常水汽输送路径,一支为从赤道以北至10°N,从60°E延伸至菲律宾附近的异常强西风水汽输送带;另一支位于20°N附近,由南支槽的槽前西南气流将孟加拉湾地区水汽输送到我国境内,是冬季西南与华南的主要水汽通道。     

The Project Siberian High in CMIP5 Models

The Siberian high(SH)experienced a decline from the 1970s to 1990s and a recovery in recent years.The evolution of the SH under global warming is unclear.In this study,41 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5)climate models are evaluated in terms of their ability to simulate the temporal evolution of the SH in the 19th and 20th centuries and the spatial pattern of the SH during 1981–2005.The results show that 12models can capture the temporal evolution of the SH center intensity(SHCI)for 1872–2005.The linear correlation coefficient between the SHCI from the Twentieth Century Reanalysis and the simulated SHCI from the multi-model ensemble(MME)of the 12 models is 0.3 on annual and inter-annual scales(above the 99%confidence level).On decadal and multi-decadal time scales,the MME also captures the pronounced reduction(between 1981–2000and 1881–1900 period)and the recovery(during1991–2005)of the SH intensity.Finally,the future evolution of the SH is investigated using the MME of the 12models under the+4.5 and+8.5 W m-2 Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5).It is shown that the SHCI,similar to the SHCI in the 20th century,has no significant long-term trend in the 21st century under global warming(RCP8.5 scenario).At the end of 21st century(2081–2100),the SH shows stronger interannual variability than the SH at the end of20th century(1981–2000).The increased interannual variability likely favors the increased interannual variability in winter air temperature over midlatitude Eurasia at the end of 21st century.     

广东省前汛期大到暴雨频数的时空变化特征

利用实测降水量资料研究了广东前汛期大到暴雨频数的时空分布特征,分析结果表明：广东前汛期大到暴雨频数与同期雨量的空间分布具有很好的一致性,基本可以表征前汛期的旱涝程度,通过REOF可将其分为4个区：粤东区、珠江三角洲区、粤西北区和雷州半岛区;前汛期大到暴雨频数的年际变化明显,主要有准2～3a、6～10a周期,1985年后各区周期均有缩短趋势,以4～5a短周期为主;珠江三角洲及以南地区前汛期大到暴雨频数有增多趋势,其中珠江三角洲中心区域增多显著,6月份变化最明显。     

Dominant Modes of Interannual Variability in Atmospheric Water Vapor Content over East Asia during Winter and Their Associated Mechanisms

Atmospheric water vapor content(WVC) is a critical factor for East Asian winter precipitation. This study investigates the dominant modes of interannual variability in WVC over East Asia during winter and their underlying mechanisms.Based on the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method, the leading mode(EOF1, R~2 = 28.9%) of the interannual variability in the East Asian winter WVC exhibits a meridional dipole pattern characterized by opposite WVC anomalies over northeastern China and eastern China; the second mode(EOF2, R~2 = 24.3%) of the interannual variability in the East Asian winter WVC exhibits a monopole pattern characterized by consistent WVC anomalies over eastern China. EOF1 is mainly modulated by two anomalous zonal water vapor transport(WVT) branches over northeastern China and eastern China, which are associated with an anomalous atmospheric wave train over Eurasia affected by sea ice cover in the Kara Sea-Barents Sea(SIC-KSBS) area in the preceding October-November(ON). EOF2 is mainly modulated by an anomalous westerly WVT branch over eastern China, which is associated with a circumglobal atmospheric zonal wave train in the Northern Hemisphere. This circumglobal zonal wave train is modulated by concurrent central and eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. The SIC-KSBS anomalies in ON and the concurrent SST anomalies over tropical Pacific may partially account for the interannual variability of EOF1 and EOF2 winter WVC, and thus may provide a theoretical basis for improving the prediction of winter climate over East Asia.     

近百年全球平均气温年际变化型态的低频变率特征

利用时间上扩展的经验正交函数（TEEOF）分析方法，对近百年全球及南北半球平均气温一年、三年、六年和十年的变化形态及其频率进行诊断，结果表明，TEEOF第一模态占总方差贡献的50％以上，各种年际振动的第一模态基本上代表了与气候变化有关的年变化型，并能反映出气温的长期趋势变化，特别是十年际的第一模态，冬季气温湿示出较强的上升趋势，相应的第一时间主分量趋势与实际温度序列的走势非常一致。全球及南北半球各时域TEEOF除第一模态及一年TEEOF的第模态外，其它特同量所表示的年际变化型态各有差异，相应主分量都与一定的年际准周期振动结构的长期变率有关。年变化型态的T^2检验表明，南半球及全球的突变时间与年平均气温单要素t检验结果差异不大，而北半球的差异明显，表明T^2检验，对具有多变量的型态突变的检测比单要素的t检验理为合理。     

中国近40年日平均气温的概率分布特征及年代际差异

利用全国129站日平均气温资料,从偏态系数、峰度系数入手分析了日平均气温的概率分布特征及年代际差异,结果表明:近40年中国各季日平均气温的均值分布大致呈南高北低,夏季日平均气温的日际变化最小,四季日平均气温不服从正态分布的地理差异明显。1961~1975年时段至1976~2000年时段,夏季、春季日平均气温不服从正态分布的范围明显加大,冬季不服从正态分布范围,北部加大,南部减小,秋季与冬季大致相反;在夏、春、秋季日平均气温方差的变化对日平均气温概率分布的影响是主要的,均值变化的影响次之,冬季在黄河中下游和长江下游流域均值的变化对概率分布影响是主要的,方差变化影响次之,其他地区相反。     

冬季热带太平洋海温异常模态和次年夏季我国降水异常季节内变化的关系

In present study,EOF analysis and extended singular value decomposition (ESVD) analysis are performed to explore the relationship between the winter tropical sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Pacific and the following summer rainfall anomalies in China.The two leading modes of winter tropical SSTAs in the Pacific are the SSTAs pattern characterized by "positive anomalies in the East and negative anomalies in the West" like the typical eastern Pacific El Nio and negative anomalies in the West and the central Pacific warming pattern characterized by "positive anomalies in the central region but negative anomalies in the East and West".The intraseasonal variations of the rainfall anomalies during the following summer in China that are associated with the eastern Pacific warming mode are characterized by positive anomalies south of the Yangtze River and negative anomalies in the Yangtze-Huai River Valley in June,and negative anomalies in South China and positive anomalies in the Yangtze River Valley and North China in July and August.In contrast,after the central Pacific warming mode,the corresponding intraseasonal variations of China’s summer rainfall are characterized by a nearly consistent pattern during the three summer months,which is positive in the South China coast and North China and negative in the Yangtze River Valley except for the positive anomalies in the Yangtze-Huai River Valley in July.These results may provide a reference for the seasonal prediction of the summer drought and flood distributions in China.     

Seasonal Variations of CH_4 Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China Are Driven by Agricultural Activities

Developed regions of the world represent a major atmospheric methane(CH_4) source, but these regional emissions remain poorly constrained. The Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region of China is densely populated(about 16% of China's total population) and consists of large anthropogenic and natural CH_4 sources. Here, atmospheric CH_4 concentrations measured at a 70-m tall tower in the YRD are combined with a scale factor Bayesian inverse(SFBI) modeling approach to constrain seasonal variations in CH_4 emissions. Results indicate that in 2018 agricultural soils(AGS, rice production) were the main driver of seasonal variability in atmospheric CH_4 concentration. There was an underestimation of emissions from AGS in the a priori inventories(EDGAR—Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research v432 or v50), especially during the growing seasons. Posteriori CH_4 emissions from AGS accounted for 39%(4.58 Tg, EDGAR v432) to 47%(5.21 Tg, EDGAR v50) of the total CH_4 emissions. The posteriori natural emissions(including wetlands and water bodies) were1.21 Tg and 1.06 Tg, accounting for 10.1%(EDGAR v432) and 9.5%(EDGAR v50) of total emissions in the YRD in2018. Results show that the dominant factor for seasonal variations in atmospheric concentration in the YRD was AGS,followed by natural sources. In summer, AGS contributed 42%(EDGAR v432) to 64%(EDGAR v50) of the CH_4 concentration enhancement while natural sources only contributed about 10%(EDGAR v50) to 15%(EDGAR v432). In addition, the newer version of the EDGAR product(EDGAR v50) provided more reasonable seasonal distribution of CH_4 emissions from rice cultivation than the old version(EDGAR v432).     

粤西北霜日的年际变化与大气环流异常的关系

利用1964-2006年测站观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了粤西北霜日的年际变化特征,及其与大气环流异常的联系.结果表明:粤西北的霜日主要集中于12月和1月;从1986年之后年霜日呈明显的递减趋势.并且粤西北的西部和南部线性递减较快;粤西北地区12月和1月霜日偏多、偏少年的大气环流异常特征相似;12月和1月...