国外空间规划研究与实践的新动向及对我国的启示

空间规划是可持续发展必不可少的公共管理工具。20世纪90年代以来,人们认识到空间规划应该具有协调和整合空间发展的功能,而不仅仅是部门性的土地利用管理体系;应该关注地域的可持续发展,而不是一味地追求增长;应该关注不同利益人之间共识的形成,而不是简单地分析一定地域空间开发的适宜性和先后顺序。20世纪90年代以来国外空间规划实践的一些新动向： a) 重新分配空间规划的权利和职能; b)注重全纳性的参与; c) 重视空间规划的协调与整合; d)强化空间规划的环境维度; e)增强空间规划的灵活性。基于此对我国的空间规划实践得到几点启示： a)空间发展的战略框架和行动计划相结合; b)形成适合于我国的规划参与机制; c)在增强规划约束性的基础上增加灵活性; d)强化区域层次的空间规划; e)突出空间规划的公共管理职能。     

Residents′Activity-travel Behavior Variation by Communities in Beijing,China

China’s transition from a planned economy to a market economy has resulted in many changes in its urban structure and society and provided an opportunity for a quasi-longitudinal case study on the relationship between the built environment and activity-travel behavior.This paper draws upon data from an activity diary survey conducted in Beijing in 2007.The survey sample comprised 652 residents living in Danwei(work unit),commodity housing,and affordable housing neighborhoods.On the basis of the three-dimensional geo-visualization analysis of the space-time path and statistical multivariate regression models of daily travel and leisure time,it was found that both residential spatial factors and socio-demographics influence residents’ daily behaviors.The findings show that Danwei residents have less daily travel time than those who live in commodity housing,but people living in affordable housing endure the longest travel time.Daily leisure time is associated more with individual attributes.We argue that although China’s transition is currently gradual,the Danwei system may continue to play significant roles in daily life,and it might provide a valuable model for neighborhood spatial planning.     

试论高职院校声乐教学的改革

高职声乐教学多年沿袭高等专业音乐院校的指导思想和教学模式,造成高职学生不能较好胜任基层音乐教育工作。高职声乐教学应以培养合格基础音乐人才为目标,精选合适的教学内容,培养学生一专多能的音乐素养。     

GIS专业的Java程序设计教学改革初探

Java语言的独特优势促使其在GIS专业教学中起到越来越重要的作用。本文分析了GIS专业教学中Java程序设计课程教学存在的问题,结合武汉理工大学GIS专业的Java程序设计课程的改革实践,提出了总体的改革思路,并从教学、实践、考核等几个方面提出了具体的改革要求和内容。该门课程的教学改革能推动GIS专业的Java程序设计语言的学习,提高学生的实践动手能力和解决GIS专业问题的能力。同时,该教学改革模式对兄弟院校的GIS专业程序设计语言方面的教学实践能起到相应的借鉴作用。     

开源软件辅助下“微波遥感”实践教学改革与探索

针对“微波遥感”教学中存在的学生动手能力差、实践能力培养欠缺等问题,探索利用开源软件进行实践教学辅助的教学改革。分析了开源软件在实验教学中的优缺点,介绍了微波遥感中常用的开源软件及主要功能。在此基础上,构建了一套开源软件辅助下的“微波遥感”实践教学项目,建立了标准实验数据集,编写了实验指导材料,并通过百度云盘等方式实现了网络共享。通过教学改革,拓展了学生的实践教学途径,提高了学生的实践动手能力及微波遥感数据处理能力。     

Bartering for Basics: Using Ethnography and Travel Diaries to Understand Transportation Constraints and Social Networks Among Working-Poor Women

Working-poor women face many challenges in their quest for economic self-sufficiency. Although welfare reform promises jobs, women do not have equal access to necessary services, including transportation. With the 2010 reauthorization of TANF (Temporary Asssistance for Needy Women), there is a need to develop a methodology that uses qualitative individual-level data to evaluate whether public transportation will serve working-poor single mothers in this quest for self-sufficiency. Using ethnography, travel diaries, and a GIS for a sample of women in the process of leaving welfare in Knoxville, Tennessee, travel behavior is examined both qualitatively and quantitatively in order to understand why they rarely use public transportation. Further research into the ways these women move around in a sprawling, medium-sized city reinforces and seeks to understand the extensive social networks working-poor mothers rely on. These women create communities of spatial necessity, bartering for basic needs to overcome transportation constraints.     

《遥感概论实验》课程教学改革与实践

本文结合"遥感概论实验"课程的具体实践,以突出地物反射特性、地物热辐射特性和后向散射特性三条主线为出发点,基于互联网免费卫星遥感数据,建设遥感教学资源数据库,并科学构建实践教学内容体系,开展以项目教学为引导的遥感课堂教学方法和新的考核方式改革等手段,促进学生创新思维和综合运用遥感能力的培养,提高遥感实践课程的教学质量。     

地理信息系统专业教学实践与改革探索

本文通过对当前GIS专业就业面临的挑战以及高校地理信息系统专业教学中存在的若干问题进行了深入研究,针对课程体系设置、教学考核模式、实践教学、师资队伍建设、学术交流等方面提出了改革措施和建议,这些措施已在教学实践中尝试使用,并取得了较好效果.     

Forest tenure reform in the age of climate change: Lessons for REDD+

Numerous authors have stressed the importance of guaranteeing and protecting the tenure and human rights of indigenous and other forest-based communities under schemes for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD, or REDD+); and important international indigenous organizations have spoken out strongly against REDD+. This article examines two specific issues that present risks for local communities: rights to forests and rules for resource use. It draws on the findings of a study conducted by the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) on forest tenure reforms in selected countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America from 2006 to 2008. The study underlines the numerous obstacles faced by communities after rights are won, in moving from statutory rights to their implementation and to access to benefits on the ground. It argues that there is currently little reason to expect better results from national policies under REDD+ without binding agreements to protect local rights.     

航海人才培养模式的改革与探索

依据航海类毕业生质量和工作情况调查资料以及国际航运发展对航海人才的素质要求,从构建人才培养方案必须考虑航海教育特殊性、优化课程内容和课程体系、改善教学方式和教学手段和提高教师教学科研水平等方面,探讨了航海人才培养模式的改革。