地理信息系统在江苏省公益林分布图制作中的应用

运用地理信息系统(GIS)研制了江苏省公益林分布图,总结了公益林分布图制作的原理、方法、技术路线和特点。为江苏省公益林进行信息化管理奠定了基础,为发展高效林业提供了科学的决策和管理平台。     

GIS的语音功能实现

和大多数信息系统一样,地理信息系统(GIS)主要是通过键盘、鼠标和屏幕进行人机信息交流,人机交流方式的增加有可能拓展信息系统的应用空间。通过ArcEngine和Microsoft Speech SDK的结合,笔者建立了一个具有语音功能的校园GIS,实现了GIS语音信息的输入与输出。     

Development and application of a GIS-based tool for earthquake-induced hazard prediction

An integrated GIS-based tool (GTIS) was constructed to estimate site effects related to the earthquake hazards in the Gyeongju area of Korea. To build the GTIS for the study area, intensive site investigations and geotechnical data collections were performed and a walk-over site survey was additionally carried out to acquire surface geo-knowledge data in accordance with the procedure developed to build the GTIS. For practical applications of the GTIS used to estimate the site effects associated with the amplification of ground motion, seismic microzoning maps of the characteristic site period and the mean shear wave velocity to a depth of 30 m were created and presented as a regional synthetic strategy addressing earthquake-induced hazards. Additionally, based on one-dimensional site response analyses, various seismic microzoning maps for short- and mid-period amplification potentials were created for the study area. Case studies of seismic microzonations in the Gyeongju area verified the usefulness of the GTIS for predicting seismic hazards in the region.     

保持主分量变换结果信息的量化方法

从主分量变换后图像信息保持的角度出发，充分分析了变换结果存储导致信息丢失的原因；同时以直接线性变换为基础，提出了另外两种新的对主分量变换结果进行量化的方法；并对这3种方法进行了充分的比较，文中最后以信息熵为指标评价了3种方法的优劣。     

Synthetic information prediction system for crisis mine based on GIS

Reserves of some kinds of the crisis mines will be lack now or from now on, because of lacking seriously reserves of mineral resources and the crisis of exploring bases in support. So that it is urgent to predict, appraise, development and utilize the replaceable resources of the crisis mines. The mineral resources prediction software system of synthetic information is intelligent GIS which is used to quantitative prediction of large-scale synthetic information mineral target. It takes the geological body and the mineral resource body as a unit. And it analyzes the ore deposit genesis and metallotect, knows the spatial distribution laws of the ore deposit and ore body, and establish the prospecting model based on the concept of establishing the three-dimensional space of a mine. This paper will primarily discuss some important problems as follows: the secondary development of various kinds of data(including geology, geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and remote sensing, etc); process synthetically and establish the synthetic information interpretative map base; correspond prospecting model with synthetic information of ore deposit; divided into statistical units of metallogenic information synthetic anomalies based on the synthetic information anomalies of ore control, then research the metallogenic information variable of unit synthetically and make quantitative prediction according to choose the quantitative prediction math model which is suitable to the demands of large-scale precision; at last, finish the target area optimization of ore deposit (body).     

用剩余信息量最小准则实现直流电测深数据的二维自动反演

自Pelton等发表第一篇直接电测深数据的二维反演文章以来，电测深数据的二维反演解释已广泛应用于资源勘探和环境监测，并取得一定效果。然而，由于该方法中加入了人为确定的平滑约束，其反演解释结果具有很大不确定性，使其在实际生产中普及应用受到限制。因此，如何在现有方法的基础上进一步改进完善成为该方法普及应用的关键。为了使反演解释结果既忠于实测数据，又合理地反映地下介质的变化，作者在本文中讨论了基于最大熵谱原理的剩余信息量最小准则实现电测深数据的二维自动反演。作者在文中还介绍了正演计算和偏导数求取中，提高精度和计算效率的技巧。用三个数值模式算例对本文的自动反演方法进行了验证。数值模拟结果表明，基于剩余信息量电小准则的二维自动反演给出的解释结果基本不受人为因素影响，能反映地下介质电阻率的详细变化。     

基于码率控制的DMB预警信息预处理系统

为解决预警信息音频广播的单一性,通过对数字多媒体广播(DMB)的标准研究,设计了基于码率控制的DMB预警信息预处理系统.该系统采用MPEG-4 HE AAC和H.264/AVC编码算法对预警音视频信息分别进行信源编码,实现将编码后信息合成为TS码流;采用RS和卷积交织的信道编码方法实现TS码流的纠错控制,提高传输可靠性.针对传输码率不稳定、音视频传输容量和速率不匹配的技术难点,提出基于码率控制的音视频匹配控制传输方法,通过空包插入法实现对编码输出数据码率的智能控制,达到音视频预警信息的稳定实时输出.该预处理系统目前已通过验证,可显著提高预警信息传输的可靠性、稳定性和实时性.     

A stochastic ground motion model with separable temporal and spectral nonstationarities

A fully nonstationary stochastic model for strong earthquake ground motion is developed. The model employs filtering of a discretized white‐noise process. Nonstationarity is achieved by modulating the intensity and varying the filter properties in time. The formulation has the important advantage of separating the temporal and spectral nonstationary characteristics of the process, thereby allowing flexibility and ease in modeling and parameter estimation. The model is fitted to target ground motions by matching a set of statistical characteristics, including the mean‐square intensity, the cumulative mean number of zero‐level up‐crossings and a measure of the bandwidth, all expressed as functions of time. Post‐processing by a second filter assures zero residual velocity and displacement, and improves the match to response spectral ordinates for long periods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Microwave Simulations of Precipitation Distribution with Two Radiative Transfer Models

Two microwave radiative transfer models of precipitating cloud are used to simulate the microwave upwelling radiances emerging from precipitating clouds. Comparison of the simulation results shows that significant difference of microwave upwelling radiances exists between these two radiative transfer models. Analysis of these differences in different cloud and precipitation conditions shows that it is complicated but has certain trend for different microwave frequencies. The results may be useful to quantitative rainfall rate retrieval of real precipitating clouds.     

The effects of hazard zone information on judgements about earthquake damage

This study investigates the extent to which people's views on the causes and preventability of earthquake damage might be influenced by their degree of exposure to hazard as well as what information they have been given about the hazard. The results show that the provision of hazard zoning information influences judgements on preventability and causes of damage, but this effect depends on the degree of hazard faced by residents. In low hazard zones, information leads to the view that causes are manageable, whereas in high hazard zones information may induce a degree of fatalism. The use of public information in risk management needs to take into account the degree of risk faced by the recipients.