水城县沙坡村农户经济行为调查研究

通过对贵州省水城县沙坡村 80家农户的抽样调查分析 ,发现农户的经济行为是农民适应周围自然、资源环境和社会经济结构的反应。重点讨论了农户的就业方式及其就业结构、农户在农业和非农业领域的就业行为特征及其形成原因。由于农民掌握的知识、技能主要集中在农业生产领域 ,限制了他们在非农领域的经常性就业。临时性的非农就业虽然能够在一定程度上增加农户的家庭收入 ,增强农民与外部世界的接触和交流 ,但对于贫困山区的资源配置、环境保护和农村社会经济结构转型的作用还不明显。作者对此提出了相关建议。     

农户生计非农化对耕地流转的影响——以福建省长汀县为例

针对农户生计非农化对耕地流转的影响,采用Logistic回归分析方法,对福建省长汀县358户农户生计非农化对耕地流转的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:①农户生计非农化与耕地流出之间是一种正反馈关系,农户生计非农化有效促进了农户耕地的流出;②生计非农化诱致的农业劳动力缺乏以及较高的务农机会成本是农户耕地流出的直接原因;③生计非农化总体上对耕地流入起到抑制作用,其中,务农机会成本对农户耕地流入起到主导的抑制作用,而地租下降等因素对耕地流入起到促进作用,一定程度上缓解了高务农机会成本对耕地流入的影响。     

发展中国家的城市非正规住房供给研究：述评与启示

快速城市化下的发展中国家城市住房供需矛盾突出,非正规住房在城市住房供给体系中的作用逐渐凸显。国际城市研究学者已经开始关注发展中国家的城市非正规现象。论文综述了发展中国家城市住房供给模式及特征,发展中国家的城市非正规住房供给包括非法占住、非法再分和非正规租赁等不同类型,非正规住房在发展中国家城市住房供应体系中的地位显著,但也引发了居住环境的恶化和贫民窟的形成,政府对非正规住房的态度正逐渐转化。我国正处于快速城市化和社会经济转型时期,城市非正规住房现象逐渐凸显,发展中国家的相关经验为我国城市住房制度建设和非正规住房管治提供了有益的参考。     

Transit,Employment and Women on Welfare1

Inadequate transportation has emerged as a major barrier to employment for welfare recipients required to transition from public assistance to employment under welfare reform. Transportation is a particularly daunting barrier for single women without access to a household car. This study uses multivariate techniques to examine whether nearby transit access impacts the employment outcomes of this population in Los Angeles County. Results show that the level of transit service near a recipient's home makes a moderate, yet statistically significant, contribution to increasing the probability of employment and transit use for work-related trips. However, recipients who use public transit face multiple problems, including overcrowding and infrequent service.     

Migratory Patterns and Settlement Experiences of African Australians of Refugee Background in Murray Bridge,South Australia

In the past decade Australian immigration policy has emphasised settlement of refugees/humanitarian entrants in rural and regional locations, in preference to metropolitan areas. The settlement outcomes of a case study of African humanitarian entrants of South Sudanese background in Murray Bridge, a regional centre in South Australia, are examined. These participants were self-settled secondary movers from metropolitan Adelaide. The factors which attracted them were centred on employment. Settlement outcomes for Murray Bridge respondents were better than their urban counterparts, in terms of both housing and employment outcomes. However, some later left Murray Bridge because of a lack of opportunities for tertiary education. The results highlight issues of sustainability of settlement and retention, in regional centres in Australia, and of the fluidity of attraction and retention factors and therefore settlement in regional centres.     

The driving effect of informal economies on urbanization in China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - This paper examines the rise of informal economies in China, a hidden driving force overlooked in studies on China’s urbanization. Estimating the size of...     

国外非正规部门相关概念辨析及启示

非正规部门的概念是20世纪70年代初被提出以来的。由于国家或地区的经济特征和规制背景不同,出现了多种概念。本文对国外非正规部门的相关概念进行了梳理,指出不同概念界定,有不同的内涵和外延,概念的核心大致经历了从“自我雇佣”到“不受规制”再到“半正规”的发展演变过程,提出应该结合我国的实际情况,用动态的视角界定和研究我国的非正规部门。     

Working in a Landscape of Recession and Expansion: Academic Jobs in Geography in the United States, 1990–2011

The recent economic recession brought much university hiring to a standstill in the United States. Geography, in spite of strong prerecession growth, was no exception. Without a sense of how the academic geography job market has changed over the past decades, however, it is difficult to assess any recession-related decline or the relative strength of any recovery. This article presents an analysis of academic job postings in the field of geography from 1990 through 2011. Using data aggregated from the AAG Newsletter, which acts as an informal clearinghouse for most academic openings for geographers at four-year colleges and universities in the United States, we assess changes in the overall magnitude in numbers of academic job openings, with the particular goal of placing the recession-based paucity of openings within its broader historical context. Our results indicate that, indeed, the recession led to a very sharp decline in advertisements, but compared to previous recessions, the recovery appears to have occurred very quickly. Open-rank and temporary/non-tenure-track positions appear to have been fairly robust to the poor economic conditions, whereas assistant professor openings were particularly hard hit.     

Multiple paths of influencing factors of rural tourism destination residents’ returning home for employment from the perspective of configuration： A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis北大核心CSCD

人才是乡村地域空间发展的基础,鼓励在外务工人员回流就业是推进乡村振兴的重要举措,也是实现共同富裕的保证。论文采用多变量交互作用的模糊集定性比较分析方法,以乡村旅游地居民回流就业意愿为结果变量,构建地方参与、地方情感、感知获益、风险承受能力、政府信任、支持度为前因变量的研究模型,探索居民回流就业的驱动机制与多元影响路径。研究结果表明:(1)所有单项因素均不构成乡村旅游地居民回流就业的必要条件;(2)满足条件的组合路径共7条,总体一致性为0.876,总体覆盖率为0.862;(3)在所有路径组合中,支持度和政府信任出现的频率最高,包含地方情感的路径覆盖率较高;(4)7条路径构成了情感主导路径、信任主导路径、支持主导路径,以及知—情—意—行综合路径4大类路径模式;(5)当同时包含情感、信任、支持和参与因素时,路径具有最高解释力;(6)不同类型的乡村旅游地在回流就业影响路径上显示出差异。研究结论可为鼓励和吸引乡村旅游地在外务工人员回乡参与旅游发展提供参考,也可为更广泛的乡村地区鼓励人才回流提供理论依据。     

北京市居住与就业空间错位的行业差异和影响因素

北京不同行业人口居住—就业的空间错位存在明显差异,空间错位程度较低的是制造业和教育,较高的是金融业,采矿业,交通运输、仓储和邮政业,电力、燃气及水的生产和供应业,以及信息传输、计算机服务和软件业。就业郊区化迟缓是造成北京居住—就业空间错位的重要原因,行业就业郊区化程度越低、居住郊区化程度越高,则居住—就业的空间错位越严重。但相比于郊区化,人口和就业的集聚程度对居住—就业的空间错位有更强的解释力。在郊区化过程中就业倾向于保持较高的集聚程度,而居住则相对分散化,这会进一步加剧居住—就业的空间错位。此外,行业的"去单位化"程度、从业人员受教育程度、平均单位规模以及就业增速等非空间因素对各行业居住—就业空间错位也有显著的影响。