珠江三角洲平原区土壤Pb元素地球化学特征及其影响因素研究

以珠江三角洲平原为研究区域,对其7个区县102件水稻根系土样品进行土壤理化参数及Pb形态分析,探讨在第四系分布区土壤Pb全量及Pb活动态含量的特征及影响因素。结果表明:全部供试土壤样品中Pb元素平均含量为46.47mg/kg,略高于广东省土壤Pb含量背景值(36mg/kg),表现出一定的累积趋势。研究区自西北陆相沉积区至南部海陆交互相沉积区,元素含量增高。Pb元素主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化物形态赋存在土壤中,迁移能力弱。影响土壤Pb全量的因素主要有Al2O3、K2O、Tl、Mo;影响土壤Pb活动态的因素有Pb全量、pH、有机质、CEC、P、TFe2O3、Mn;其中,p H是控制Pb元素活动性的最主要因素。     

A Quantitative Evaluation of Shale Gas Content in Different Occurrence States of the Longmaxi Formation: A New Insight from Well JY-A in the Fuling Shale Gas Field,Sichuan Basin

Comprehensive quantitative evaluation of shale gas content and the controlling factors in different occurrence states is of great significance for accurately assessing gas-bearing capacity and providing effective well-production strategies. A total of 122 core samples from well JY-A in the Fuling shale gas field were studied to reveal the characteristics of S_1 l shale,15 of which were selected to further predict the shale gas content in different occurrence states, which are dependent on geological factors in the thermal evolution process. Geological parameters were researched by a number of laboratory programs, and the factors influential in controlling shale gas content were extracted by both PCA and GRA methods and prediction models were confirmed by the BE method using SPSS software. Results reveal that the adsorbed gas content is mainly controlled by TOC, Ro, SSA, PD and pyrite content, and the free gas content is mainly controlled by S_2, quartz content, gas saturation and formation pressure for S_1 l in well JY-A. Three methods, including the on-site gas desorption method, the empirical formula method, and the multiple regression analysis method were used in combination to evaluate the shale gas capacity of well JY-A, all of which show that the overall shale gas content of well JY-A is in the range of 2.0–5.0 m~3/t and that the free gas ratio is about 50%, lower than that of well JY-1. Cause analysis further confirms the tectonics and preservation conditions of S_1 l in the geological processes, especially the influence of eastern boundary faults on well JY-A, as the fundamental reasons for the differences in shale gas enrichment in the Jiaoshiba area.     

Prediction Model of Coal Reservoir Pressure and its Implication for the Law of Coal Reservoir Depressurization

The main methods of coalbed methane(CBM) development are drainage and depressurization, and a precise prediction of coal reservoir pressure is thus crucial for the evaluation of reservoir potentials and the formulation of reasonable development plans. This work established a new reservoir pressure prediction model based on the material balance equation(MBE) of coal reservoir, which considers the self-regulating effects of coal reservoirs and the dynamic change of equivalent drainage area(EDA). According to the proposed model, the reservoir pressure can be predicted based on reservoir condition data and the actual production data of a single well. Compared with traditional reservoir pressure prediction models which regard EDA as a fixed value, the proposed model can better predict the average pressure of reservoirs. Moreover, orthogonal experiments were designed to evaluate the sensitivity of reservoir parameters on the reservoir pressure prediction results of this proposed model. The results show that the saturation of irreducible water is the most sensitive parameter, followed by Langmuir volume and reservoir porosity, and Langmuir pressure is the least sensitive parameter. In addition, the pressure drop of reservoirs is negatively correlated with the saturation of irreducible water and the Langmuir volume, while it is positively correlated with porosity. This work analyzed the reservoir pressure drop characteristics of the CBM wells in the Shizhuangnan Block of the Qinshui Basin, and the results show that the CBM reservoir depressurization can be divided into three types, i.e., rapidly drop type, medium-term stability type, and slowly drop type. The drainage features of wells were reasonably interpreted based on the comprehensive analysis of the reservoir depressurization type; the latter was coupled to the corresponding permeability dynamic change characteristics, eventually proving the applicability of the proposed model.     

西秦岭西成矿集区郭家沟超大型铅锌矿床成矿地质特征与控矿因素

郭家沟铅锌矿床位于甘肃省西成矿集区东端,是近年来在西秦岭新发现的超大型矿床,也是寻找厂坝式矿床的重大突破。该矿床的矿体主要赋存于中泥盆统安家岔组生物灰岩、硅化-铁白云石化灰岩以及千枚岩中,明显受层间断裂带的控制。由于其新发现不久,该矿床控矿因素和成因认识尚不清楚。文章在系统成矿地质特征观察的基础上,将成矿期次划分为沉积成矿期和热液成矿期,其中,热液成矿期包括:石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿-铁白云石(菱铁矿)阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-方铅矿-闪锌矿-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅱ)和方解石-硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)。在综合分析该矿床成矿过程与控矿因素的基础上,认为成矿受压扭性逆冲断层相关的断裂构造系统和褶皱构造变形带控制,硅化和铁镁碳酸盐化与铅锌矿化密切伴生,表现出热液交代蚀变矿化为主的特征,矿脉穿切矿区内的花岗岩墙,推测成矿作用发生在三叠纪或者更晚,后生热液成矿作用造成了铅锌的巨量富集。     

成矿作用的空间分布不均匀性及其控制因素探讨

全球矿产资源时空分布的不均匀性及其形成机制,已成为地球科学关注的热点和前沿领域。本文在对全球矿产资源的空间分布规律及其不均匀性分布特点的研究进展进行全面阐述的基础上,重点分析了控制成矿作用空间分布不均匀性的主要因素,如地壳组成与演化的差异、地壳/地幔化学组成的不均一性、成矿构造环境的差异、重大地质构造事件的影响、构造转换或转折和叠加、矿床形成与保存能力等。研究认为,深刻理解全球矿产资源空间分布的不均匀性特征及其形成的根本原因,应加强以下五个方面的研究:①大陆成矿作用的空间分布不均匀性的机制;②从全球构造角度,揭示成矿作用的时空分布规律;③强调深部成矿过程,以阐明成矿作用不均匀性原因;④加强成矿系统、成矿系列研究;⑤加强矿产资源时空分布不均匀性的形成机制研究。     

临南油田夏32断块沙二段下部储层特征及其主控因素

通过岩芯和薄片观察,结合测井资料,对临南油田夏32断块沙二段下部储层发育特征及其主控因素进行了研究。结果表明：该区储层的岩石类型主要为岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩,颗粒分选中等,磨圆较差,成分成熟度及结构成熟度中等;储层物性表现为中低孔特低—低渗的特征,且孔隙度和渗透率相关性较好;孔隙类型包括原生粒间孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔和铸模孔。综合储层特征的研究结果认为：夏32断块沙二段下部储层主要受基准面旋回、沉积、成岩以及构造作用的影响;三角洲平原的分支河道砂体物性最好,其次是三角洲前缘的水下分支河道,其他沉积微相储层物性较差;压实作用和胶结作用破坏储层物性,溶蚀作用则可改善储层物性;此外,构造作用所产生的裂隙也有利于改善储层物性,对储层物性起到了积极的建设作用。     

压裂支撑剂密度测定方法及应用研究

论证了支撑剂体积密度、视密度和绝对密度的概念与内涵,降低概念混用现象的发生。结合SY/T5018-2006和SY/T5018-2014两个标准,重新设计了测定视密度的方法、步骤和计算式。分析得出100 ml规格密度瓶是50 ml规格密度瓶测量值稳定性的7倍以上;用纯水做测试液比煤油的测量值稳定性高出2倍左右;选用100 ml规格的密度瓶,样品质量大于40 g后,会使测量值更趋稳定。支撑剂的密度指标主要用于压裂施工中的产品优选、压裂液携砂能力、地层造缝能力和变密度加砂压裂等方面。建议除非支撑剂为典型的亲油性物质,否则宜选择纯水、100 ml规格密度瓶、40 g左右支撑剂样品组合开展实验为宜。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷百口泉组砾岩储层特征及其主控因素

综合岩心观察、薄片鉴定及场发射扫描电镜、Quemscan软件、X-衍射、阴极发光、图像分析等分析测试手段,并结合测井、录井和物性等资料,从沉积和成岩两方面对准噶尔盆地玛湖西斜坡百口泉组砾岩储层特征与有利储层的主控因素进行了综合研究。研究表明：砾岩储层骨架颗粒的成分、粒度、分选性和砾岩体的厚度主要由物源和沉积环境共同决定,这些因素控制了埋藏期的压实作用和钙质胶结作用的强弱、成岩环境的特征、孔隙流体的性质、钾长石溶蚀作用以及火山碎屑的蚀变对储层性质的影响。相对扇三角洲平原亚相的水上河道和河道间,发育在扇三角洲前缘亚相的水下分流河道微相的储层厚度较大,刚性颗粒含量高、分选好,易发育绿泥石膜,压实作用相对较弱,孔隙较大且连通性较好,孔隙流体流动性较好,因此,钾长石和岩屑等易溶矿物的溶蚀产物如高岭石、伊利石等自生黏土矿物易被带出而不在原地发生沉淀,对储层物性的改善具有十分重要的作用。此外,处于有机质优势运移方向的储层物性较好。     

易发程度指数法在宣州区地质灾害易发区划分中的应用研究

在分析地质灾害成因的基础上,选取了地形地貌、地质背景、气候、地质灾害点密度、人类工程活动等5个主要影响因素对宣州区地质灾害的易发性进行分区评价,并对区内的地质灾害易发区进行划分。根据分析评价结果,将宣州区划分为4个地质灾害易发区。分区结果较符合宣州区地质灾害发育实际情况,为宣州区的防灾减灾工作提供科学依据。     

内蒙古扎鲁特旗巴尔哲超大型矿床控矿因素分析

内蒙古巴尔哲矿床不仅是超大型的REE-Zr-Nb-Ta-Be多金属矿床,同时也是大型的U-Th矿床。通过野外地质观察、地面伽玛能谱测量、岩矿鉴定和室内数据处理等,发现铀、钍主要以类质同像的形式存在于矿石矿物中;铍和稀土元素的独立矿物以羟硅铍钇铈矿和独居石为主;铌、钽、锆主要赋存在铌铁矿、烧绿石和锆石中。另外,从构造、岩性及蚀变特征三方面,对巴尔哲矿床的控矿因素进行了详细解剖,研究表明,巴尔哲矿床的铀钍矿化与稀有稀土矿化密切共生,均赋存于强蚀变钠闪石花岗岩中,蚀变主要为钠长石化和硅化。该矿床主要受构造和碱性花岗岩体的控制,是构造和碱性花岗质岩浆演化的耦合产物。