Organohalogen contaminants and total mercury in forage fish preyed upon by thick-billed murres in northern Hudson Bay

Twelve marine fish species collected from a thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) breeding colony in northern Hudson Bay in the Canadian Arctic during 2007–2009 were analyzed for legacy organochlorines (e.g. PCBs, DDT), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) and sulfonates (PFSAs), and total mercury (Hg). No one species of prey fish had the highest levels across all contaminant groups analyzed. For the two pelagic fish species sampled, concentrations of the major organochlorine groups (e.g. Σ₂₁PCB, ΣDDT, ΣCHL, ΣCBz), ΣPBDE, ΣPFCA and Hg were consistently higher in Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) than in capelin (Mallotus villosus). Biomagnification factors from whole fish to thick-billed murre liver across all species were generally higher for Σ₂₁PCB and ΣDDT. ΣPBDE did not biomagnify.     

Seasonal dynamics of soil CO_2 effluxes with responses to environmental factors in lower subtropical forests of China

Seasonal metrics and environmental responses to forestry soil surface CO2 emission effluxes among three types of lower subtropical forests were consistently monitored over two years with static chamber-gas chromatograph techniques among three types of lower subtropical forests. Results showed that annual CO2 effluxes (S L) reached 3942.20, 3422.36 and 2163.02 CO2 g·m-2·a-1, respectively in the monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest, mixed broadleaf-coniferous forest and coniferous forest. All the three types of forests revealed the same characteristics of seasonal changes with the CO2 effluxes peaking throughout June to August. During this peaking period, the effluxes were 35.9%, 38.1% and 40.2% of the total annual effluxes, respectively. The CO2 emission process responding to the environmental factors displayed significantly different patterns in forestry soils of the three types of forests. The coniferous forest (CF) was more sensitive to temperature than the other two types. The Q10 values were higher, along with greater seasonal variations of the CO2 efflux, indicating that the structurally unique forestry ecosystem has disadvantage against interferences. All the three types of forestry CO2 effluxes showed significant correlation with the soil temperature (Ts), soil water content (Ms) and air pressure (Pa). However, stepwise regression analysis indicated no significant correlation between air pressure and the soil CO2 efflux. With an empirical model to measure soil temperature and water content in 5 cm beneath the soil surface, the CO2 effluxes accounting for 75.7%, 77.8% and 86.5% of the efflux variability respectively in soils of BF, MF and PF were calculated. This model can be better used to evaluate the CO2 emission of soils under water stress and arid or semi-arid conditions.     

Seasonal variations and mechanism for environmental control of NEE of CO_2 concerning the Potentilla fruticosa in alpine shrub meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The study by the eddy covariance technique in the alpine shrub meadow of the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau in 2003 and 2004 showed that the net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) exhibited noticeable diurnal and annual variations, with more distinct daily changes during the warmer seasons. The CO2 emission of the shrub ecosystem culminated in April and September while the CO2 absorption capacity reached a maximum in July and August. The absorbed carbon dioxide during the two consecutive years was 231.4 and 274.8 g CO2·m-2 respectively, yielding an average of 253.1 gCO2·m-2 per year: that accounts for a large proportion of absorbed CO2 in the region. Obviously, the diurnal carbon flux was negatively related to temperature, radiation and other atmospheric factors. Still, minute discrepancies in kurtosis and duration of carbon emission/absorption were detected between 2003 and 2004. It was found that the CO2 flux in the daytime was similarly affected by photosynthetic photon flux density in both years. Temperature appears to be the most important determinant of CO2 flux: specifically, the high temperature during the plant growing season inhibits the carbon absorption capacity. One potential explanation is that soil respiration is enhanced under such condition. Analysis of biomass revealed that the annual net carbon fixed capacity of aboveground and belowground biomass was 544.0 in 2003 and 559.4 g Cm"2 in 2004, which coincided with the NEE absorption capacity (63.1 g C·m-2 in 2003 and 74.9 g C·m-2 in 2004) in the corresponding plant growing season.     

长白山阔叶红松林花粉通量的时空变化及其与气象因子的关系

花粉是重建古植被和古气候的重要代用指标。利用Tauber花粉收集器监测花粉通量是进行花粉-植被-气候关系研究的重要途径。本项研究分析了长白山阔叶红松林16个样点3年（2010~2012年）共94个Tauber花粉收集器的花粉数据,结果表明：阔叶红松林16个样点均以乔木花粉为主,占比多高于55%,针叶树种花粉在乔木花粉中的占比多高于10%;以松属（Pinus）、桦木属（Betula）、胡桃属（Juglans）、栎属（Quercus）、榆属（Ulmus）等花粉为主,5种主要花粉类型的百分含量在乔木花粉中的占比多高于85%;16个样点的AP/NAP（Arboreal Pollen/Non-Arboreal Pollen,乔木花粉与草本植物花粉之比）平均值为3.0,P/A（Pinus/Astemisia）平均值为2.0,P/Q（Pinus/Quercus）平均值为1.2,P/B（Pinus/Betula）平均值为0.6;年平均总花粉通量存在样点间差异（平均值为24231粒/（cm²·a））,但乔木花粉百分含量、针叶树种和主要种在乔木花粉中的占比以及AP/NAP、P/A、P/Q、P/B等数值在研究区内大多数样点间的波动较小,可以更好地指示阔叶红松林的植被特征和植被不同的发育阶段。花粉通量存在明显的年际差异：2011年的总花粉通量最高（590884粒/（cm²·a））,而2010年和2012年的总花粉通量较低（分别为284662粒/（cm²·a）和301157粒/（cm²·a））。总花粉通量、乔木花粉通量、灌木花粉通量和草本植物花粉通量与气象因子（前一年总降水量、生长季累积降水量、开花前冬季积温）呈正反馈。本研究结果为解释花粉通量与气象因子之间的关系提供了参考依据。

     

流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐输移研究综述

综述了流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐的主要来源、营养盐输移的影响因素等方面的研究,介绍了当前营养盐输移研究的主要方法,并概括了氮、磷营养盐在流域-河口-近海系统的整体性研究。在此基础上,提出了该领域研究存在的主要问题及未来展望,强调了将流域、河口与近海系统作为一个整体,并充分发挥分布式模型的优势开展营养盐输移研究的重要性。     

皖南外桐坑金矿床地质、地球化学特征及找矿模型

外桐坑金矿位于江南造山带东北缘太平断裂褶皱带,是受断裂控制的热液蚀变型金矿床。为进一步分析该矿床的成矿规律,明确找矿方向,提高找矿效果,在开展野外地质调查的基础上,采用土壤地球化学测量、岩石地球化学剖面测量等技术手段开展了地质、地球化学特征及找矿模型研究。土壤地球化学测量结果显示,Au、As异常显著,主要沿NE向次级断裂分布;岩石地球化学剖面测量结果显示,矿区NE向张性次级断裂显著富集Au、As、Ag、Sb,可有效指示金矿化的分布特征。金矿体赋存于志留纪霞乡组中,成矿物质及热源主要来自于燕山期花岗岩岩浆热液,成矿构造为NE向榔桥—里东坑张性断裂,含矿构造为主断裂上盘NE向硅化、毒砂矿化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化蚀变破碎带。依据成矿规律,构建了外桐坑金矿"构造-岩浆岩"成矿体系地质-地球化学找矿预测模型,明确次级断裂破碎带、金砷地球化学异常、绢英岩化蚀变等可作为外桐坑外围金矿找矿标志,指出矿区内破碎蚀变带、矿区深部以及外围沿榔桥—里东坑断裂分布的水系沉积物Au异常区具有较好的找矿前景。     

塔里木盆地中石化探区含氦气藏资源调查研究*

为了对塔里木盆地中石化探区含氦气藏资源进行调查研究,在广泛调研前人氦气研究成果的基础上,采集了塔里木盆地中石化探区9个井区、6个层系的22个天然气样品,利用质谱法对天然气中的氦气含量进行分析,并探讨了不同地区氦气成藏的主控因素。结果表明,巴什托地区BK3井巴楚组天然气2个样品氦气含量为0.103%、0.116%,达到了含氦气藏的标准; 顺北地区奥陶系6个天然气样品氦气含量在0.026%~0.151%之间,仅1个样品达到含氦气标准。塔北地区寒武系—古近系32个天然气样品的氦气含量在0.01%~0.08%之间,均未达到含氦气标准。塔里木盆地氦气成藏主要受氦源、深大通源断裂、成藏期次、保存条件等因素共同控制。巴什托地区、顺北地区是氦气的有利聚集区带,塔北地区氦气成藏条件相对不利。     

青海东部查明一大型微细浸染型金矿床

加吾金矿位于青海省东部同德县境内,是武警黄金部队近年来发现的又一处具大型规模的金矿床。该矿床在大地构造位置上处于西秦岭与东昆仑的衔接部位。矿体赋存于中下三叠统中,在平面上呈舒缓波状,在剖面上为脉状、似层状。矿石中金属矿物主要为黄铁矿和毒砂,金主要以微细粒分布于石英裂隙和毒砂、黄铁矿等矿物粒间。区内中下三叠统隆务河群板岩中的金丰度值和有机碳含量高,是有利的赋矿层位。矿体产于北西向和近东西向构造蚀变带内,受区内断裂带控制明显。矿体在空间上与印支期中酸性岩浆岩相伴产出。研究表明,该矿床为受构造蚀变带控制的、与沉积作用和岩浆活动有成因联系的微细浸染型金矿床。截止目前,该矿共计探明金矿脉22条,累计提交金资源量超过20t。该矿的发现和评价对指导青海东部微细浸染型金矿找矿具有重要的示范意义。     

脉金矿床控矿条件及源区性质刍议

目前对脉金矿床，特别是大型金矿床的形成研究已取得重要进展，它在时间和空间上具有明显的一致性表明：大型脉金矿床的形成与特定的地质背景有密切关系，矿源具有深源性质，而与探矿岩系金的丰度值基本无关。