Maquiladora Myths: Locational and Structural Change in Mexico's Export Manufacturing Industry

Trends in location, labor force, and procurement practices in maquiladoras are examined using recent data sources. A growing proportion of maquiladoras are selecting interior locations, south of the borderlands. Once dominated by young women, the labor force is rapidly approaching gender parity. While far below prevailing rates in the United States, maquiladora wages are comparable with equivalent manufacturing sectors in Mexico. Majority ownership of maquiladoras is split almost evenly between Mexico and the U.S., however, maquiladoras have failed to develop domestic sources of materials and parts and remain dependent on imported material inputs. As the North American Free Trade Agreement is phased in, the regulatory environment of maquiladoras will change but their role as low cost assembly specialists will persist.     

Factor analysis of trends in energy and metals production and consumption in developed and developing countries

This paper presents a methodology used to combine energy and mineral market variables between Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and Developed Countries (OECD) over the past 24 years (1966–1990). LDCs include all countries, except OECD and central planned economies (CIS) and other countries in Eastern Europe. This period permits a comprehensive view of the impact of the energy crisis and the changes in economic growth patterns, correlated with changes in trends of production and consumption of energy and metals in both country blocs. This complex relationship was evaluated by a factor model of consumption and production variables using the aluminum, copper, lead, and zinc industries. The following variables are used in the factor model: export dependence, geographic concentration of mining production, geographic concentration of refined demand, geographic concentration of refined production, import dependence, refined demand growth, stability of demand, income elasticity of refined demand, price stability, intensity of use, and intensity of energy. The model for all commodities shows that the factor scores projections for LDCs and OECD blocs depicted a clearly divergent trend after the two oil shocks (1973–1979), when the intensity of energy variable presents high loading in the factor. The results are in substantial agreement with findings that the demand for energy, as well as for metals, is growing more rapidly in LDCs than OECD.     

我国城市测量技术发展现状与成就

介绍我国城市测量技术发展的现状,着重介绍测绘新技术在城市测量中的应用与实际效果,阐述测量技术基础建设的成就。     

Life in sandy deserts: the scorpion model

The biology, ecology, biogeography, phylogeny, and evolution of sand-dwelling scorpions are reviewed. We present general features of sand that form the ecological theatre on which psammophiles have evolved. Sand scorpions, compared to those that live off sand, are not very diverse in any one local habitat, although they are often relatively abundant. Worldwide, they are represented by 29 genera, 11 of which exist exclusively in sand. Endemic genera belong to non-related families, suggesting that psammophilic adaptations evolvedin situin different sand deserts of the world.     

论旅游业和交通业的互动与整合

交通是决定旅游业发展是否具有竞争力的基本要素，而旅游业对交通的贡献率高，二者的互动作用非常明显，其互动作用表现在：旅游业拉动了交通业的发展，交通的改善为旅游业的发展提供了基础，二者相互促进，良性发展。通过理论阐述旅游业和交通业的互动关系，提出了旅游业和交通业的整合途径。     

福建省花卉产业发展SWOT分析及对策研究

福建省的花卉产业发展存在着一定的优势(Strengths)、劣势(Weaknesses)、机遇(Opportunities)、威胁(Threats)因素,优势和劣势、机遇和威胁之间也存在着相互转化的互动关系,利用福建省近几年的花卉产业发展资料,运用SWOT法分别对福建省花卉产业发展的优势、劣势、机会和威胁进行具体分析,结合福建省的实际情况,在花卉生产管理、区域特色优势品种规划、花卉生产和经营思路、花卉基地、花卉协会的行业指导、花卉发展环境等方面提出了一些的具体对策和建议.     

论当前我国劳动密集型产业的发展

我国目前正处于工业化中期,发展劳动密集型产业对促进就业、提高劳动者收入、发挥潜在经济增长力、实现社会稳定等方面都具有重要的意义。我国目前发展劳动密集型产业符合比较优势,但比较优势并不等于竞争优势。当前我国劳动密集型产业仍然存在附加值低、劳动生产率低、企业自身竞争力弱、贸易磨擦频发、价格贸易条件恶化等一系列问题,严重影响了我国外贸的可持续发展。通过对上述问题的剖析,阐述了劳动密集型产业与技术进步、资本技术密集型产业以及国际贸易之间的关系,认为应该实现劳动密集型产业的比较优势向竞争优势的转换,并从不同的角度提出了政府、企业为实现这种转变应采取的措施。     

湛江工业化与工业支柱产业的选择

工业化一直是湛江经济发展的重要问题。经过计算和比较得出了一个判断———湛江工业化一直处于比较低水平 ,其关键问题是工业支柱产业不明确。按照支柱产业基准对湛江工业行业进行定量计算与定性分析 ,提出湛江工业支柱产业的选择方案。     

INTERSTATE HIGHWAY EXIT MORPHOLOGY: NON-METROPOLITAN EXIT COMMERCE ON 1-75*

The commercial non-metropolitan exit clusters of America's interstate highway system exhibit regularities of basic form, scale, mix of services provided, and the ordinal placement of establishments relative to the exit proper. An examination of 354 exits serving 1-75 indicates the typical morphology of interstate exit clusters.     

洞庭青鲫(Carassius auratus var.Dongtingking)与三个鲫品系群体遗传多样性的ISSR分析

采用ISSR分子标记技术,对洞庭青鲫(Carassius auratus var.Dongtingking)、野生二倍体和三倍体鲫(C.auratus)、彭泽鲫(C.auratus var.Pengze)4个鲫品系群体共120个个体的遗传多样性进行分析。9个ISSR引物在四个鲫品系群体中共获得1637个扩增位点,其中多态位点1572个,多态位点比例为96.03%。4个鲫品系群体内的多态位点比例分别为46.14%、65.40%、73.76%和51.94%,遗传距离分别为0.0905、0.1186、0.1351和0.1056。在4个鲫品系群体之间,洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫的遗传距离最小(0.1191),二倍体鲫和三倍体鲫的遗传距离次之(0.1336),而洞庭青鲫、彭泽鲫与二倍体鲫的遗传距离(分别为0.1377、0.1367)略小于它们与三倍体鲫的遗传距离(均为0.1378)。UPGMA聚类结果为洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫聚成一个分支,二倍体鲫与三倍体鲫聚成另一个分支。结果表明,洞庭青鲫、彭泽鲫等养殖群体内的遗传多样性明显低于野生鲫群体;四个鲫品系中,洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫的亲缘关系较近,二倍体鲫与三倍体鲫的亲缘关系较近,推测洞庭青鲫、彭泽鲫、三倍体鲫均起源于二倍体鲫。二倍体洞庭青鲫和二倍体野生鲫资源的保护必须引起重视。