基于土壤地球化学数据的资源与环境评价信息系统设计与实现

基于应用土壤地球化学数据进行环境评价和资源预测的需求,本文独立开发了基于土壤地球化学数据的资源与环境评价信息系统。系统融合了反距离加权插值模型以及具有稳健变异函数的地统计学克里格插值模型,并在此基础上引人了非线性的多维分形插值模型;同时,系统结合资源与环境预测和评价的实际需求,集成了单因子指数、地累积指数、环境地球化学...     

海量城市空间数据资源汇集模块的设计与实现

研究了OGSA-DAI网格中间件技术,设计了一个基于OGSA-DAI的海量城市空间数据资源汇集模块,实现了城市地理空间信息的共享应用.本模块的创新之处在于扩展了OGSA-DAI的数据资源,实现网格环境下多源异构空间数据的访问与集成,对相关研发工作的开展起到了很好的借鉴作用.     

意大利产业区重组：集团化、创新与国际化

近30 a来,意大利产业区成为西方学术界研究的热点与争论焦点。传统的意大利产业区模式主要强调中小企业为主的＂弹性专业化＂生产系统与本地社区的嵌入性。在全球化与知识经济的宏观背景下,意大利产业区正在经历一系列的以集团化、创新与国际化为主要特征的产业重组过程：产业区的组织结构开始由中小企业为主的＂弹性专业化＂生产系统向＂产...     

Water relations and hydraulic architecture of two Patagonian steppe shrubs: Effect of slope orientation and microclimate

On a local scale, topography influences microclimate, vegetation structure and the morpho-physiological attributes of plants. We studied the effects of microclimatic differences between NE- and SW-facing slopes on the water relations and hydraulic properties of two dominant shrubs of the Patagonian steppe in Argentina (Retanilla patagonica and Colliguaja integerrima). The NE-facing slope had higher irradiance and air saturation deficits and lower soil water availability and wind speed than the SW-facing slope. Predawn and midday Ψ_L and osmotic potentials were significantly lower in shrubs on the NE-facing slope. Osmotic adjustment and more elastic cell walls helped the plants to cope with a more xeric environment on NE-facing slope. Higher water deficits on NE-facing slope were partially compensated by a higher leaf and stem water storage. While stem hydraulic efficiency did not vary between slopes, leaf hydraulic conductance was between 40% and 300% higher on the NE-facing slope. Changes observed in leaf size and in SLA were consistent with responses to mechanical forces of wind (smaller and scleromorphic leaves on SW-facing slope). Morpho-physiological adjustments observed at a short spatial scale allow maintenance of midday Ψ_L above the turgor loss point and demonstrate that leaves are more responsive to microclimatic selective pressures than stems.     

Desertification in the Sahel: Towards better accounting for ecosystem dynamics in the interpretation of remote sensing images

To date, the interpretation of remote sensing images has not revealed wide-spread degradation of the vegetation in the Sahel. However, the interpretation of spectral information depends on a range of assumptions regarding the dynamics of the Sahelian vegetation as a function of rainfall variability and human management. Recent papers have presented diverging views on the vegetation dynamics of the Sahel and how these can be analysed with remote sensing images. We present a further analysis of the vegetation dynamics of semi-arid rangelands, in particular the Sahel, and the subsequent implications for the interpretation of remote sensing images. Specifically, the ecological processes driving the response of the Sahelian vegetation to rainfall variation are re-examined, and a regression analysis of NPP versus rainfall data is carried out. It is shown that the relation between the interannual variation in NPP and rainfall in the Sahel is non-linear and that this relation differs between sites with different average annual rainfall. It has been common practise in remote sensing studies for the Sahel to aggregate data from various Sahelian sites in order to obtain an average relation between rainfall, NPP and Rain Use Efficiency, and to assume these relations to be linear. This paper shows that this approach may lead to a bias in the interpretation of remote sensing images and that further work is required to clarify if wide-spread ecosystem degradation has occurred in the Sahel.     

东北地区矿业城市产业生态系统适应性评价

在对矿业城市产业生态系统适应性内涵进行界定的基础上,基于易损性、敏感性、稳定性和弹性等适应性要素构建了矿业城市产业生态系统适应性评价指标体系和评价模型,并据此对东北地区矿业城市产业生态系统适应性分异特征、类型及影响因素进行了深入探讨,发现:东北矿业城市产业生态系统适应能力呈正态分布;从资源类型看,东北矿业城市产业生态系统系统适应性呈现冶金类>综合类>煤炭类>石油类的特征;从空间格局看,呈现辽宁省>吉林省>黑龙江省的变化趋势;从发展阶段看,呈现老年期>中年期>幼年期的递变规律;从城市规模看,呈现特大城市>大城市>中等城市的递变规律。据此,采用聚类分析方法,将东北矿业城市产业生态系统分为4种类型,即高适应能力、协调发展类型;高适应能力、环境优先类型;低适应能力、协调发展类型;低适应能力、环境优先类型。     

江苏沿江地区生态保护与产业分布空间匹配格局分析

根据生态空间保护需求,调整产业空间布局方向,是协调产业开发与生态保护空间关系及进行区域空问调控的重要内容.以江苏沿江地区为例,在提取生态功能保护区和产业分布空间信息的基础上,运用矩阵分类和空间分析方法研究了生态保护与产业分布的空间匹配特点,总结了产业空间布局的调整思路.研究表明:江苏沿江大部分地区生态保护与产业分布空间...     

浙江省入境旅游发展的空间非均衡性研究与启示

浙江省入境旅游发展势头强劲,但省内各地市间入境旅游发展却参差不齐,非均衡性空间特征显著。通过分析浙江省11个地市1999—2008年共10年的入境旅游外汇收入指标,引入标准差、相对发展率和波士顿矩阵等分析方法,归纳浙江省入境旅游发展空间非均衡基本特征,同时,对影响非均衡产生的经济社会条件、区位条件、资源环境等因子的变化趋势进行深入探究,提出浙江省入境旅游可以由非均衡发展逐步向均衡化方向发展的观点。最后,从浙江省资源整合、区域联动角度,提出了浙江省入境旅游均衡化发展的对策思路。     

中国产业结构变动的碳排放效应研究——基于省级面板数据

在二氧化碳(CO2)排放影响因素的模型框架内,利用1995—2008年中国省级的面板数据,着重分析产业结构演变对CO2排放的影响。结果表明,产业结构演进决定CO2排放的基本走向,刚性产业结构演进特征使单位CO2排放居高不下;二产主导的产业结构对我国CO2排放产生了明显的增速效应,延缓了CO2排放倒"U"型变化过程。因此,依托低碳经济助推产业结构升级,优化第一、第二产业内部结构,大力发展第三产业,转向低能耗低CO2排放的产业结构是中国低碳经济发展的必由之路。     

云南省转变工业发展方式的对策研究

在全球气候变暖、资源危机和环境退化等背景之下,低碳经济和绿色经济受到各国广泛关注,世界经济形态和经济增长动力正在发生转向.近些年来,转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构成为我国经济发展的主线,国内区域发展中也出现了一些新因素和新格局.这些变化将引起供需结构、投资结构以及国家产业政策等方面的变化,进而推动产业结构调整和产业发展方式的转变,未来几年是我国加快工业发展方式转变的关键时期.在对云南省工业发展特征和面临矛盾分析的基础上,结合经济发展背景和趋势,充分考虑资源环境基础和未来发展方向,提出云南省工业向绿色、低碳发展方式转变的对策和建议.