Energy balance and evaporation loss of an irrigation reservoir equipped with a suspended cover in a semiarid climate (south‐eastern Spain)

The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of a suspended cover on the evaporation loss of an agricultural water reservoir (AWR). To this aim, a detailed data collection was carried out in a typical AWR located in south‐eastern Spain during 2 consecutive years. During the first year, the reservoir remained uncovered, while during the second year it was covered with a double black polyethylene (PE) shade cloth. On an annual scale, it was observed that the cover can provide a reduction of evaporation loss of 85%. Two approaches, energy balance and mass transfer, were used to analyse the effect of the cover on the evaporation process. Important modifications were observed on the magnitude, sign, annual trend and relative weight of the components of the energy balance. The changes were ascribed to the strong reduction of net radiation and to the substantial weight of the heat storage and sensible heat flux in the energy balance. A relevant finding was the contrast between the patterns of the annual evaporation curve for open‐water and covered conditions. The mass transfer approach allowed discriminating between the wind‐ and radiation‐shelter effects on the evaporation term. The reduction in water‐to‐air vapour deficit was the main factor explaining the high efficiency of the cover, whereas the reduction of the mass transfer coefficient was a modulating factor that accounted for the wind‐shelter effect. Overall, both approaches provided a sound basis to describe and explain the physical mechanisms underlying the high performance of the tested cover. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adjoint method for the optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources

The deterioration of air quality is threatening the life and health of people. Scientists in China and other countries have done a great deal of research work on the details of air pollution and the methods of preven-tion and control during the past decades. Up to now, most of the achievements are concentrated on the techniques of controlling pollutant sources and the programs of reduction, which focus on the improve-ment of air quality and the restoration of environment. The techniques of con…     

网络环境下地震科技信息资源建设初探

本文就网络环境下地震科技信息资源建设中的信息组织及资源共享等问题进行探讨。     

地震系统科技信息资源集成整合的探索与研究

本文探索了网络化环境下,利用现代化的信息技术,对地震科技信息资源集成整合以及共建共享等问题。     

中国油气页岩分布与存储潜能和前景分析

基于当今化石油气能源的需求还在扩展,它的紧缺势态波及全球,而我国的确需要更多的页岩油气.为此,非常规油气能源,特别是页岩油气的勘探、开发和利用就必然地提到社会进步和经济发展的议程上,并得到世界各个国家的高度重视.因此,页岩油气现已成为我国能源界和科技界及政府部门的热门话题.在经过了一段时间的"热炒"和依据尚不充分的评估后,本文通过对中外有关资料的分析和讨论认为:1)必须在了解世界各国、特别是北美页岩油气赋存与开发的条件下,认识我国页岩的分布状态和页岩油气潜能;2)在理解其它国家页岩属性、页岩油气的前景和勘查及储存背景下,在我国较全面的进行页岩和页岩油气存储的勘探和对其进行要素匹配,并选择远景好的典型地区进行示范研究与探索;3)集理念与实践综合研究制定页岩油气在我国的发展方案和路线图.     

提高任意广角波动方程计算效率及压制倏逝波干扰方法

任意广角波动方程（Arbitrarily Wide-angle Wave Equation,AWWE）是一种高精度的时空域单程波动方程,与其他时空域单程波方程相比,具有更大的成像倾角,因此是偏移成像的有力工具之一.本文改进了现有的AWWE有限差分计算方案,避免了原计算方案中对矩阵反复求逆的过程,同时减少了矩阵相乘的次数,显著地提高了AWWE数值计算的效率.数值实验证实,采用改进之后的计算方案,其计算结果与原方案完全一致.此外,本文采用了一种方法,在有倏逝波干扰的情况下,能在频率-波数（f-k）域区分出倏逝波与非倏逝波,为设计f-k滤波器提供合理的视速度门槛信息.偏移实验证实,在深度延拓时仅仅进行数次f-k滤波就能很好地抑制倏逝波干扰,提高偏移成像质量.     

安徽省重要古生物化石资源及其意义

安徽省地处华北、华南板块的交变地带,沉积单元和生物群落均非常复杂,自晚太古代以来的各时代地层发育较全并含有丰富的无脊椎动物、脊椎动物、植物化石和遗迹化石等。该省的古生物化石资源以分布广泛,类型众多,保存完好,科学意义重大为主要特征。本文重点探讨了安徽省古生物化石资源的分布特征、赋存特征及具有地方特色的古生物化石类型,对该省古生物化石资源的意义进行了初步评价,并对安徽省古生物化石资源的深入研究和合理开发利用的方向进行了述评。     

特低渗透砂岩储层水驱油CT成像技术研究

通过水驱油岩心的CT成像技术,动态、定量、可视化地研究了特低渗透砂岩储层水驱油岩心的微观孔隙结构、含水饱和度分布、吸水能力及微观孔隙结构对驱油效率的影响.研究表明,实验岩心的CT值分布在1819~1961之间,与标准的Berea砂岩相比高出15%左右,属于典型的特低渗透砂岩储层.储层微观孔隙结构是影响油水分布的主要因素.特低渗透砂岩储层开发要高度重视无水采收率.储层致密和微裂缝发育的不均一性是特低渗透砂岩油田驱油效率低的根本原因.     

城市地震应急对策支持系统研究

从地震灾害学理论和地震应急工作需求出发,讨论了应急工作的内容和层次,提出了应急目标和应急资源的定义;并对城市地震应急对策支持系统的总体设计、功能模块、数据库、模型库以及系统的实现方法等方面进行了探讨。     

区域地震台网历史震相数据整合与共享服务

区域地震台网震相数据是区域地震台网产出的重要成果,是开展地球科学研究的重要资料。整理全国31个省份1973—2008年区域地震台网纸质震相报告和地震卡片,按统一格式录入震相数据,建立数据共享服务系统。文中系统阐述区域地震台网的发展过程、历史震相数据的整合、地震观测报告的主要内容及震级的测定方法,并介绍了历史震相数据共享服务系统和快速索引下载方法,为科研人员提供共享服务。