Addressing Scottish rural fuel poverty through a regional industrial symbiosis strategy for the Scottish forest industries sector

Tackling fuel poverty is central to the delivery of the Scottish Executive’s commitment to social justice. Many Scottish rural households are not linked into the mains gas network and rely on expensive alternatives, despite being surrounded by plentiful supplies of low-cost renewable wood biomass. A regional study was undertaken to establish the potential market for pelletised wood fuel, available as a low-value by-product from the rapidly expanding Scottish forest industry sector. The wider implications of the research findings are analysed by extending the principles of industrial symbiosis from a site-specific to a regional scale. Promoting an indigenous pellet-based wood fuel market for rural Scotland would fulfil important Scottish Executive economic, social and environmental sustainability objectives. Adding off-site social symbiotic elements increases the potential for on-site technical symbiosis in nascent Scottish forest industry clusters. At present, market failure is preventing the realisation of these benefits, and the paper concludes by identifying ways in which market intermediation, through wood fuel energy service companies, might overcome the current barriers to exploiting such symbiosis.     

Seismic risk assessments and GIS technology: applications to infrastructures in the Friuli–Venezia Giulia region (NE Italy)

This paper illustrates the seismic risk preliminary estimates of two different groups of structures located on the territory of the Friuli–Venezia Giulia region (NE Italy) : the first group includes some special industrial plants, and the second group includes bridges and tunnels belonging to the regional highway network. The part of the study on special industrial plants tries to evaluate the degree of expected damage, taking into account their structural typology and ground shaking expressed in terms of macroseismic intensity. The second part of the study is an application of the HAZUS methodology to the tunnels and bridges of a highway network: the combination of expected ground shaking and the construction characteristics lead to very different risk levels, especially when considering the bridges. The resulting damage levels to bridges and tunnels are still only indicative because of the fragility curves used in the evaluations: they were developed for existing bridge and tunnel structural typologies in the U.S.A. Moreover, both examples show the power of GIS technology in storing, elaborating, and mapping spatial data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adjoint method for the optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources

The deterioration of air quality is threatening the life and health of people. Scientists in China and other countries have done a great deal of research work on the details of air pollution and the methods of preven-tion and control during the past decades. Up to now, most of the achievements are concentrated on the techniques of controlling pollutant sources and the programs of reduction, which focus on the improve-ment of air quality and the restoration of environment. The techniques of con…     

Utilizing Natural Liner Materials for Heavy Metal Removal in Simulated Landfill Conditions

Inorganic industrial waste landfills have the potential to contaminate subsurface groundwater supplies through migration of leachates down to the water table and into groundwater aquifers, despite the use of compacted low permeability clay or polyethene liners. This paper aims the removal of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in the leachate from an industrial waste landfill using natural materials (natural zeolite, expanded vermiculite, pumice, illite, kaolinite, and bentonite) as a liner material. Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ concentrations for all treatments decreased during the process. Of all the different natural materials, natural zeolite, expanded vermiculite and pumice, with bentonite, were effective in removing Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ present in the leachate. However, the use of illite and kaolinite with bentonite as liner materials could be of disadvantage in Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ removal from leachate. The adsorption kinetic models were also tested for the validity. The second order kinetics with the high correlation coefficients best described adsorption kinetic data.     

工业CT在增强硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料无损检测中的应用

为提高作为结构材料使用时硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)的力学性能,在基体材料中添加增强材料形成了增强RPUF(RRPUF),RRPUF内部的材料组成及结构特征影响其力学性能。本文应用微焦点锥束体式工业CT技术,进行了玻璃纤维RRPUF三维结构的工业CT检测,获得了高分辨率的RRPUF三维结构CT图像,并解析了RRPUF内部结构特征,包括玻璃纤维及泡孔的形状、位置、尺寸、体积含量以及分布状况等。研究表明微焦点VCT技术可有效地实现RRPUF内部结构特征的检测及分析,为进一步研究RRPUF的性能提供了重要方法。     

Permeable Reactive Barrier for the treatment of contaminated surface water in Katedan industrial development area, Hyderabad, India

Permeable Reactive Barrier （PRB） is an emplacement of inert material （s） in the subsurface, designed to intercept a contaminated plume, provides a preferential flow path through the reactive media, and transforms the contaminant into environmentally acceptable forms to attain concentration remediation goals at the discharge of the barrier. The phenomena, which help in remediation within PRB, are adsorption/sorption, precipitation, oxidation/reduction and biodegradation. Various materials like zero-valent iron, zero-valent bi-metals, natural zeolites, organic carbon, fly ash, zeolites, limestone, activated alumina, apatites, etc. have been tried by many researchers to remove organic and inorganic contaminants. In USA, Canada, and many European countries commercial full-scale and pilot scale PRBs are successfully working. The design and installation of full scale PRBs needs laboratory treatability and dynamic flow column experiments？ The concept of PRB is being applied to treat contaminated surface water in the Katedan industrial area, Hyderabad, India. National Geophysical Research Institute （NGRI）, Hyderabad, India, conducted systematic studies in collaboration with Norwegian Geotechnical Institute （NGI）, Norway, to develop PRB technique to decontaminate the surface water pollution due to industrial effluent. A site assessment study in the Katedan Industrial Area, were carried out and water, soil and sediment from the lakes of the area were found to be polluted with high concentrations of heavy metals like As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, etc. Adsorption studies at NGRI with synthetic samples and in-situ industrial effluent using different reactive media for removing contaminants like arsenic, chromium, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc have been carried out and yielded satisfactory results. The performance of zero-valent iron and limestone is encouraging in removing As,     

Further Information of the Associated Li Deposits in the No.6 Coal Seam at Jungar Coalfield,Inner Mongolia,Northern China

Total 138 coal samples and 14 parting samples were taken from the No. 6 Seam of the Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia. These samples were analysed by optical microscopy, sequential chemical extraction procedure (SCEP), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope in conjunction with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) analysis. The results indicate that the Li contents have reached the industrial grade of the coal associated Li deposit, and the total Li reserves have reached 2406600 tons, that is, 5157000 tons Li2O in the No. 6 seam in the Jungar Coalfield. The sequential chemical extraction procedure results suggest that the Li concentration is mainly related to inorganic matter. The minerals in the coals consist of kaolinite, boehmite, chlorite-group mineral, quartz, calcite, pyrite, siderite and amorphous clay material. Some Li could be absorbed by clay minerals in the Li-bearing coal seam. The chlorite phase?could be?most likely the host for a part of Li. The Yinshan Oldland should be the most possible source of Li of the coal.     

全球链网下的欠发达地区产业集群化研究——以韶关汽车零部件产业为例

全球链网下的地方产业集群,已成为区域经济发展的重要组织形式。欠发达地区产业集群的形成与发展是特色资源、产业基础、创新文化、政策激励和市场驱动对地方化和全球化两股力量“粘滞—集聚—再粘滞—再集聚”的循环积累结果。针对韶关资源丰富、产业基础厚实,但空间粘滞作用不强、产业集群化程度低的现状,认为韶关汽车零部件产业应走“立足资源,一园三片;精细专工,错位发展”的特色集群化道路。     

含能材料损伤裂纹的工业CT图像分析

高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)可看作由炸药晶体及各种添加剂构成的多组份复合材料,为研究温度冲击时裂纹在炸药内部结构中扩展的过程,采用微焦点X射线CT扫描技术获得不同温度冲击条件下,炸药破裂过程中的一系列CT图像.本文根据CT差值图像,由是否出现线状影像判断裂纹的存在,通过变换CT差值图像中像素值的阈值范围分析裂纹的分布特点.基于CT物理原理对裂纹区域进行选取和定量化描述,研究了含能材料CT图像中裂纹形态判定和扩展方式的问题,从理论上探讨了含能材料损伤破坏的细观机理,为今后进一步利用CT进行材料疲劳寿命等相关分析提供一种新的方法.     

工业旅游项目电厂的景观设计

本文介绍了某工业旅游项目电厂的厂区规划和景观设计方案,提出电厂设计中应重视建筑元素的运用。