Book Reviews

Books Reviewed Colbert C. Held, Middle East Patterns: Places, People, and Politics Barbara A. Weightman, Dragons and Tigers: A Geography of South, East, and Southeast Asia Henry J. Bruman, Alcohol in Ancient Mexico Brian W. Blouet, Geopolitics and Globalization in the Twentieth Century M. A. B. Siddique (ed.), International Migration into the 21st Century: Essays in Honour of Reginald Appleyard Michael R. Haines and Richard H. Steckel (eds.), A Population History of North America Emilio Moran, Human Adaptability: An Introduction to Ecological Anthropology Jeremy Leggett, The Carbon War: Global Warming and the End of the Oil Era Susan B. Marriott and Jan Alexander (eds.), Floodplains: Interdisciplinary Approaches William S.Logan, Hanoi: Biography of a City Alex Krieger and David Cobb (eds.) with Amy Turner, Mapping Boston Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Carl Abbott, Greater Portland: Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest Arthur D. Murphy, Colleen Blanchard and Jennifer A. Hill (eds.), Latino Workers in the Contemporary South Yanek Mieczkowski, The Routledge Historical Atlas of Presidential Elections     

试论经济全球化对非洲华人经济的影响

经济全球化使越来越多的国家和地区，甚至是一个经济体和一个经济单位都主动或被动地参与到世界经济中来，非洲的华人经济也不例外。鉴于目前有关华人经济的文章主要集中在东南亚地区和美国与欧洲，很少有人探讨过非洲华人经济的情况，所以本文试图通过经济全球化条件下的非洲经济、中非经济关系和华商对非洲的投资，来论述经济全球化对非洲华人经济的影响。     

中国与周边接壤国家经贸关系探析

2l世纪80年代以来，世界经济进入了“地缘时代”，各个国家开始重新审视周边国家和地区在本国经济中的作用和发展潜力，并致力于发展同他们的经贸关系。中国历来奉行睦邻友好的对外政策，与周边接壤国家有悠久的经贸往来^[1]。90年代以来，这种经贸往来更符合中国的利益，对它进行研究具有较大的意义。在对周边16个接壤国家中已建交的14个国家与中国经贸关系进行分析的基础上，讨论其具有的优势特征、存在的问题及解决的办法。     

Water discharge changes of the Changjiang River downstream Datong during dry season

Based on hydrometric data and extensive investigations on water-extracting projects, this paper presents a preliminary study on water discharge changes between Datong and Xuliujing during dry season. The natural hydrological processes and human factors that influence the water discharge are analyzed with the help of GIS method. The investigations indicate that the water-extracting projects downstream from Datong to Xuliujing had amounted to 64 in number by the end of 2000, with a water-extracting capacity up to 4,626 m3/s averaged in a tidal cycle. The water extraction from the Changjiang River has become the most important factor influencing the water discharge downstream Datong during dry season. The potential magnitude in water discharge changes are estimated based on historical records of water extraction and a water balance model. The computational results were calibrated with the actual data. The future trend in changes of water discharge into the sea during dry season was discussed by taking into consideration of newly built hydro-engineering projects. The water extraction downstream Datong in dry season before 2000 had a great influence on discharges into the sea in the extremely dry year like 1978-1979. It produced a net decrease of more than 490 m3/s in monthly mean discharges from the Changjiang into the sea. It is expected that the water extraction will continually increase in the coming decades, especially in dry years, when the net decrease in monthly mean water discharge will increase to more than 1000 m3/s and will give a far-reaching effect on the changes of water discharge from the Changjiang into the sea.     

Sectoral Shifts and Occupational Migration in the United States

This research is grounded in notions of differential economic restructuring across employment sectors and geographic space, as well as migration selectivity by occupation. A series of unconstrained competing‐destinations models were employed to analyze the response by workers in thirteen occupational categories to sectoral employment change, average wages, and distance. As was hypothesized, workers in occupations that require high levels of education and skills are more responsive, in terms of migration, to economic opportunities in alternative labor‐market areas. However, the results do not support the hypothesis that highly educated and skilled workers migrate longer distances. Further investigation suggests that opportunities for highly educated and skilled workers may be clustering in relatively few areas that are in relatively close proximity.     

信息化施工技术在保护某厂濒危烟囱中的应用

通过地处上海某厂锅炉房濒危烟囱北侧仅5米处的实验楼基础施工，详尽介绍了施工过程中保护濒危烟囱的防护工程对策，以及采用信息化施工技术而取得的良好经济效益。     

矿井明水注浆技术

明水注浆是在巷道已经发生涌水后进行堵水注浆的一种方法，以开滦东欢坨矿井下明水注浆实践为基础，阐述了明水注浆技术及注浆工艺。大水矿井由于排水电费占生产成本的比例较大，影响企业的经济效益，进行明水注浆有着重要的意义。     

导/定向钻进非开挖铺设地下管线施工技术分析

导／定向钻进是一种技术密集型、对环境无害的地下管线铺设技术。通过综合经济比较分析，说明了导／定向钻进技术在管径大、埋深大的条件下所具有的明显经济优势。通过对国内外现有技术水平的比较，分析了我国在该技术发展规模、工程应用领域、新型高技术含量、钻机的工作性能等方面存在较大的差距。认为我国应在钻机的机电液一体化、施工过程自动化控制、配套泵组及泥浆系统、钻进规划软件开发等方面作进一步深入研究。     

洪水对非防洪工程建设项目影响评价方法研究

讨论了洪水对洪泛区或滞蓄洪区中非防洪工程建设项目影响评价方法,包括洪灾直接经济损失和间接经济损失的估算方法,洪灾发生时含有有毒物质的非防洪工程建设项目对环境的影响,以及对地下水的污染等影响评价方法.这些方法是洪水对非防洪工程建设项目影响评价的核心,也是整个影响评价的重点和难点所在.这些方法可为制定洪水对洪泛区非防洪工程建设项目影响评价指南或规范提供科学依据.     

土壤水力性质确定方法研究进展

介绍了确定土壤水力性质的各种直接方法(包括实验室方法和田间方法两大类)和间接方法如土壤转换函数方法、分形方法、形态学方法、数值反演方法和经验公式法等的研究进展和现状,指出了它们各自的优点和存在的不足.认为要不断地引入新的实验技术和改进测定设备,并把估计土壤水力性质的各种理论方法及实验信息有机地结合起来进行综合研究,以扩大它们的适用范围和提高预测精度.