区域水安全评价指标体系构建与应用

水安全是耦合资源利用、环境保护、防灾等多维视角的复合概念。为提高水安全评价的系统完备性,避免各维度间概念重合,提升问题诊断的精确性,基于对水安全定义、内涵及评价维度的总结述评,构建了由数量充足性、水质符合性、可持续性、成本可承受性和防洪安全保证性5个评价维度构成的区域水安全评价指标体系,并结合专家群决策进行指标权重量化与数据标准化。该评价体系体现了资源安全中关于数量保障与可持续性保障的概念内涵,相比单纯利用资源禀赋指标评价水资源数量安全,更能科学辨析区域真实缺水原因;补充前人研究较少涉及的成本可承受性,保证了水安全内涵的系统完备性。以中国各省为例,结合聚类分析开展水安全评价的实例应用,评价结果较好地诊断了中国各区域主要水安全问题,符合中国现状,说明该评价体系具备较好的科学性与实用性。     

Assessing the ecological status of the North-western Adriatic Sea within the European Water Framework Directive: a comparison of Bentix, AMBI and M-AMBI methods

In this paper we looked for the most suitable method for benthic ecological quality status (EcoQS) assessment of the North-western Adriatic Sea. Taking into account the historical and present information, we inter-compared our expectations in terms of EcoQS, with the Bentix, AMBI and M-AMBI classification metrics results, and investigated the sensitivity of these indices to the spatial, seasonal and inter-annual variability of benthic communities. The sampling sites were located at increasing distances with respect to the Po River mouth, along an (inverse) gradient of eutrophication. Moreover, a 2-year monthly monitoring plan (October 2004–September 2006) was carried out at the CEBEB site, located in a central position with respect to the investigated area. The results highlighted that the three indices differed in the sensitivity to spatial and temporal variability of the benthic communities. The strong seasonal and inter-annual changes in the benthic communities had a significant effect on the Bentix, whereas no relevant modifications were observed on the EcoQS assignation obtained using the M-AMBI and AMBI methods. The environmental quality ratios (EQR) values and EcoQS classification obtained by the Bentix and AMBI did not match expectations, as they were not inversely correlated with the site distances with respect to the Po mouth, whereas the M-AMBI clearly discriminated the most and the least eutrophicated sites. It thus appears that the M-AMBI could be considered to be the most valuable method for the ecological-status assessment of the North-western Adriatic Sea benthic ecosystem.     

In situ experimental study of reed leaf decomposition along a full salinity gradient

An experimental study on Phragmites australis leaf litter decomposition was conducted in the estuarine environment, Ria de Aveiro, Western Portugal, using the leaf-bag technique, with fine- (1 mm) and coarse-mesh (5 mm) bags. The leaf bags were placed in the field sites at day 0, covering a complete salinity gradient, and replicates were collected over time, at days 3 (leaching), 7, 15, 30 and 60. The biomass loss through the leaching phase, about 20% of the initial leaf mass, was independent of both the salinity and the bag mesh size. The biomass decay pattern along the salinity gradient varied through time and presented strong similarities between the two mesh sizes, with the remaining biomass always lower in the 5 mm mesh-size bags. At days 7 and 15, the lowest remaining biomass was observed at the head of the estuary, the preferential distribution area of P. australis. At day 30, the remaining biomass was higher in the marine area and diminished under a direct relationship with salinity, reaching the lowest value in the freshwater environment, with values ranging from 66% to 44% of the initial weight in 5 mm bags, and from 79% to 51% in 1 mm bags. The largest heterogeneity in the remaining biomass among the study areas positioned along the salinity gradient was found close to days 30 (5 mm) and 40 (1 mm). The overall results indicate that the relationship between leaf decay rate and salinity depends on the decay time considered (k₁₅, k₃₀ or k₆₀) and, for the later stages (k₆₀), also on the leaf-bag mesh size. This implies that the use of leaf litter decay rates as a functional indicator in transitional waters will need to take into consideration the factor location in the salinity gradient and leaf litter stage at which the decay rate is determined. The differences between the decay rates with the mesh size acted mainly at the level of the absolute k value and not at the level of the pattern along the salinity gradient. Even so, the data obtained at the mouth of the estuary, in the area closest to a fully marine environment, indicated that after the initial biomass loss through leaching, P. australis decayed either very slowly, in the 5 mm, or not at all, in the 1 mm mesh bags.     

高温下3种壳色虾夷扇贝存活率、代谢率、免疫酶活力及HSP70表达的比较研究

以3种壳色虾夷扇贝(Mizuhopecten yessoensis)(枫叶贝、红贝、白贝)为实验材料,将在15℃暂养的3种壳色虾夷扇贝分别驯化至20,22,24和26℃4个温度梯度(升温幅度为1℃/d),待各处理组达到对应温度梯度后暂养7 d,测定比较3种壳色虾夷扇贝的存活率、耗氧率和排氨率、抗氧化酶活力和热激蛋白HSP70表达等指标。结果表明:随着温度的升高,3种壳色的虾夷扇贝的存活率呈先上升后下降趋势,其中,白壳色虾夷扇贝的存活率在同一处理组中最高;3种壳色的虾夷扇贝耗氧和排氨率均随温度升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,同一温度处理组下白壳色虾夷扇贝的代谢率始终高于红贝和枫叶贝;另外,总抗氧化能力(total-antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、超氧化物歧酶(activity of superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)4种免疫酶的活性随温度升高也呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且同一温度处理组下白壳色虾夷扇贝的免疫酶活力始终高于红贝和枫叶贝;3种壳色虾夷扇贝鳃HSP70的表达模式基本相同,随着温度的逐渐升高,HSP70持续表达,到26℃时表达量最高,且白壳色扇贝HSP70的相对表达量最高为5.07。综上,白壳色虾夷扇贝在高温应激下表现出较强的抵抗和耐受能力,因此,可将其作为后期耐高温型虾夷扇贝新品系的重要培育材料。     

低磷胁迫下翅碱蓬生长特性及脂肪酸含量的变化机制

为了研究低磷条件对盘锦滨海湿地优势物种翅碱蓬的影响,本文探究了不同无机磷酸盐浓度处理下翅碱蓬生理指标、光合色素、丙二醛(MDA)及不同组织脂肪酸含量的变化。结果表明,翅碱蓬株高、茎长、茎粗、叶片数量、株重均与施磷浓度呈显著正相关,MDA含量与施磷浓度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量先降低后升高。低磷条件会影响翅碱蓬根部脂肪酸C18:2n6与C16:0的相互转化;叶片中多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量降低,中长链脂肪酸相对含量升高,茎中脂肪酸则无明显变化。本文分析翅碱蓬植被退化与磷含量的关系为盘锦辽河口湿地修复治理及翅碱蓬保护提供依据。     

山东沂沭断裂带中段地质特征及金矿预测模型

在系统收集资料的基础上,通过阐述沂沭断裂带中段的区域地质特征、地球物理、地球化学等特征,深入剖析了龙泉站金矿区的控矿地质要素.区内金矿体以脉状、透镜状产于沂水—汤头断裂下盘,赋矿岩石为黄铁矿化糜棱岩质碎裂岩、黄铁矿化花岗质碎裂岩.总结了矿区的成矿规律和找矿标志,从地质环境、矿床特征、地球化学特征和地球物理特征等方面建立了沂沭断裂带中段地区的找矿预测模型,为今后进一步在该区开展金矿找矿工作提供了依据和找矿方向.     

霍尔果斯市红提葡萄精细化气候区划

红提葡萄气候区划的制定有助于政府部门科学布局红提葡萄种植区域，提高种植区的红提葡萄品质和产量。还可带动当地种植业结构调整，从而提高霍尔果斯市气候资源利用率。利用霍尔果斯市及周边10个气象站1981-2020年逐日气象资料，采用数理统计和空间插值方法，根据红提葡萄种植的气候生态条件，筛选出≥10℃积温和无霜冻期作为红提葡萄的气候适宜性区划指标，将霍尔果斯市红提葡萄种植区划分为适宜种植区、次适宜种植区和不适宜种植区。适宜种植区分布在海拔720 m以下的南部平原地带；次适宜种植区分布在霍尔果斯市中部海拔720～950 m的山前平原；不适宜种植区位于霍尔果斯市域北部海拔高度950 m以上的天山山区。     

高原夏菜复合气象灾害综合评判与分析

摘 要：河西东部高原夏菜生长过程受多种气象灾害影响，为了解其成灾特征，本文对复合气象灾害进行了定义，基于层次分析法（AHP）赋予不同灾害、不同致灾程度之权重，通过建立评价模型，对2010—2021年复合灾害强度进行评判与分析。结果表明：复合灾害频次高、影响大、极端性强，沿川区、沿沙区高温热害最为典型，加上持续干旱，复合灾害影响将会进一步加剧。从复合灾害强度看，沿沙区与沿川区偏大，春茬中沿沙区复合灾害强度变化显著（倾向率0.029·a-1），已严重威胁到产业发展。通过冷凉山区蒜苗试验，评价结果得到进一步验证。针对复合灾害影响评价及分布特点，高原夏菜生产还需因时因地制宜。     

人工增雨(雪)三要素潜力指标分析及业务应用

对2015—2016年秋冬季4次小雨过程云中液水含量、地面降水量和近地面大气细颗粒物浓度PM_2.5三要素观测资料统计，得到47个数据组个例，根据冷云催化和天气动力学原理，在对47例增雨(雪)潜力定性分析基础上，结合大气污染数值模拟结果对三要素关联性进一步综合分析，探讨和研究了三要素组合的潜力量化指标。即地面未降水时作业潜力指标为：1.5>N>0.1,PM_2.5<78;2.5>N>1.5,PM_2.5<86;N>2.5,PM_2.5<93。地面降水时的作业潜力指标为：1.5>N>0.1,R<1.9,PM_2.5<78;2.5>N>1.5,R<2.6,PM_2.5<86;N>2.5,R<2.8,PM_2.5<93(其中N、R、PM_2.5分别为小时云中液水含量、地面降水量和近地面细颗粒物浓度)。采用C#.net编程技...