Validating RAPFISH sustainability indicators: Focus on multi-disciplinary aspects of Indian marine fisheries

In determining the importance of fisheries sustainability indicators, stakeholders’ interest plays a defining role in the fisheries management practices. The indicator based tools such as RAPFISH have been available for sustainability assessment of fishery resources. In the present study, procedures to validate the pre-selected RAPFISH, which is a multidisciplinary indicator based evaluation tool for measuring the sustainability of fishery resources, are applied. The sustainability indicators were subjected to validation process based on feedback from resource owners, users and experts, using Multi-Criteria Analyses such as Weighted Sum Model and Analytic Hierarchy Process. Based on the validation results, suggestions have been made to improve methodology and its effective application in practice. This paper demonstrates RAPFISH as a potentially effective multidisciplinary tool for evaluation of sustainability of fishery resources.     

Land cover changed object detection in remote sensing data with medium spatial resolution

Land cover change information is crucial to analyse the process and the change patterns of environments and ecological systems. Recent studies have incorporated object-based image analysis for its ability to generate meaningful geographical objects into studies of change detection. In this research, we developed a systematic methodology to realise multi-type land cover changed object detection with medium spatial resolution remote sensing images in Beijing, China. Optimum index factor (OIF) was applied to determine the best change indicators and the chi-square transformation was carried out to determine the change threshold of the 4 classes of changed object. The clustering change vectors in the feature space were proposed to discriminate the change types. According to the accuracy assessment, the overall accuracy of changed/unchanged object detection was approximately 93.9% with an overall kappa of 0.824, and the change type discrimination also achieved an overall accuracy of 81.67%, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

对荒漠化几个理论问题的初步探讨

讨论了荒漠化的概念和内涵,评价指标体系及发生机制等问题,认为联合图《防治荒漠化公约》中的荒漠化定义揭示了各类型荒漠化的共同本质,是较为科学和适用的定义,荒漠化评价指标的“基准”荒漠化气候类型及评价的空间尺度是建立荒漠化评价指标体系的关键,荒漠化的发生机制是荒漠化理论的核心,它涉及到荒漠化的反馈关系,荒漠化的非平衡过程及荒漠化与土地系统复杂性的关系,土地利用／土地覆被变化是荒漠化的驱动因素之一。     

潮汐盐沼环境特点及高分辨率海面变化有孔虫标尺

潮汐盐沼是海洋边缘海环境的最边缘部分,是海陆过渡的真正边界。盐沼环境因素具明显的垂直分带性,各环境参数变化是典型的海洋或陆地不可相比的,盐沼坡度平缓,由海向陆的环境变化在这里分异清楚;沉积中垂向变化平面上得到极大的放大等。据国外研究,盐沼环境控制着有孔虫的特征和分布,利于盐沼有孔虫的垂直分带恢复古海平面变化,精确到±２０ｃｍ,甚至±５ｃｍ,这在海面变化、环境演变、全球变化研究上有重要意义。     

太湖全新世沉积物的古盐度指标及其环境意义

沉积物中的Ｃａ／（Ｆｅ＋Ｃａ）比值和硼含量随水体含盐度的高低而相应增减，它们都是较好的古盐度指标。本文对太湖全新世的沉积物进行了古盐度指标的分析。并与现代湖泊和海洋沉积物作了对比，结果反映东太湖为陆相沉积环境，而西太湖则主要为海相沉积环境。此结论与古生物化石的结论一致，从而证明了太湖地区于全新世期间经历了大规模的海侵，并形成海湾－湖环境。同时也证明了这些古盐度指标是行之有效的。     

基于PSR框架的土地质量指标体系研究进展与展望

基于"压力-状态-响应(Press-State-Response,PSR)"模式的土地质量指标体系是国际土地科学研究的热点问题。我国经济的快速增长和土地退化的严峻形势要求建立能够衡量土地质量变化的指标体系。介绍了基于PSR框架的土地质量指标体系的来源、基本概念、评价框架和研究计划。介绍了国际土地质量指标研究计划中提出的养分平衡、产量差额、农业土地利用强度与利用多样性、土地覆被、土壤质量、土地退化、农业生物多样性、水质量、林地质量、牧草地质量、土地污染等11项土地质量指标。在总结、分析国内外土地质量指标体系研究的最新进展和研究不足基础上,提出未来我国有关部门在土地质量方面的研究趋势与建议。     

Refinement Indicators for Optimal Selection of Geostatistical Realizations Using the Gradual Deformation Method

In the analysis of petroleum reservoirs, one of the most challenging problems is to use inverse theory in the search for an optimal parameterization of the reservoir. Generally, scientists approach this problem by computing a sensitivity matrix and then perform a singular value decomposition in order to determine the number of degrees of freedom i.e. the number of independent parameters necessary to specify the configuration of the system. Here we propose a complementary approach: it uses the concept of refinement indicators to select those degrees which have the greatest sensitivity to an objective function quantifying the mismatch between measured and simulated data. We apply this approach to the problem of data integration for petrophysical reservoir charaterization where geoscientists are currently working with multimillion cell geological models. Data integration may be performed by gradually deforming (by a linear combination) a set of these multimillion grid geostatistical realizations during the optimization process. The inversion parameters are then reduced to the number of coefficients of this linear combination. However, there is an infinity of geostatistical realizations to choose from which may not be efficient regarding operational constraints. Following our new approach, we are able through a single objective function evaluation to compute refinement indicators that indicate which realizations might improve the iterative geological model in a significant way. This computation is extremely fast as it implies a single gradient computation through the adjoint state approach and dot products. Using only the most sensitive realizations from a given set, we are able to resolve quicker the optimization problem case. We applied this methodology to the integration of interference test data into 3D geostatistical models.     

甘肃省迭部刀扎—舟曲憨班一带金矿找矿新认识

迭部刀扎—舟曲憨班一带已发现金矿床(点)与桑坝推覆体构造前缘的采古逆冲断裂具有密切的关系。该断裂不仅控制了含矿地层、岩浆岩的分布,而且是区内重要的控矿、容矿断裂。有规模的金矿体一般产在岩体的接触带上。金矿化与硅化、黄(褐)铁矿化、黄铜矿化关系密切。由此而提出了在该区带进一步找矿的主要地质标志。     

福建福安上后洋叶蜡石矿床地质特征及找矿标志

福建福安上后洋叶蜡石矿呈似层状，赋存于晚侏罗世南园组中部火碎屑岩中，共发现有4个矿体，矿石可分为2种类型。即石英叶蜡石型和伊利石质叶蜡石型，以石英叶蜡石型为主，矿体明显受地层岩性控制，属火山热液顺层交代蚀变的似层状叶蜡石矿床。