地理信息服务概述

地理信息服务由于其提供的是空间型信息这一特点,已成为信息服务业中的一个重要组成部分。鉴于综合论述地理信息服务的文章或论著并不多见,文中归纳总结了地理信息服务研究的总体框架,包括技术体系、信息框架、服务模式、应用分析及产业分析,并对各部分进行了简要的综合论述。     

Comprehensive evaluation on urban sustainable development of Harbin City in Northeast China

It is an effective way in realizing urban coordinated and sustainable development to establish a series of indicators and to evaluate urban environmental and socioeconomic development. According to the characteristics of Harbin City in Northeast China, an indicator system including five subsystems and 37 indicators was established for comprehensive evaluation on urban sustainable development. The development indexes of all urban subsystems and complex system were calculated quantitatively using the comprehensively integrated methods composed of Principle Component Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process and weighed index method, and then the comprehensive level of urban sustainable development and the degree of urban interior coordination were analyzed. The results indicated that 1) the overall urban development presented an uptrend, however, the interior development was not well balanced from 1996 to 2006; 2) the development in each subsystem presented a strong fluctuation; and 3) the development in resources subsystem showed a downtrend. Based on those results, the suggestions of urban sustainable development were put forward at the end.     

Taxonomic distinctness of macrofauna as an ecological indicator in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters

In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tested the robustness and effectiveness of taxonomic distinctness as an ecological indictor by analyzing its correlation with species richness and natural environmental variables and by analyzing other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener H' and W statistics from Abundance Biomass Comparison curve).Results so obtained indicated that the benthic environment of the study waters in general is not under major impact of anthropogenic disturbance, but some stations in Laizhou Bay and along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and even in the central Bohai Sea might be moderately disturbed and showed signs of ecological degradation.The taxonomic distinctness measures △+ and Λ+ were independent of sampling effort and natural environment factors and were compliant to other ecological indicators.Further application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator to assess marine biodiversity and ecosystem health on a larger regional scale with historical data seems promising.     

人地系统耦合下生态系统服务与人类福祉关系研究进展与展望

21世纪以来生态系统服务退化与人类需求提升间的矛盾愈发激烈,如何有效推进生态系统服务与人类福祉的协调平衡成为当前可持续发展的核心主题.论文通过梳理生态系统服务与人类福祉关系研究的阶段演进发现,现有研究主要从服务对福祉的影响与福祉对服务的反馈切人,逐步聚焦到供需关系与空间流动、权衡/协同的利益博弈、文化服务的价值化、生态...     

与国际框架接轨的我国矿产资源/储量分类

回顾了我国现行矿产储量分类分级标准的制订情况,分析了其存在的主要问题。简要介绍了《联合国国际储量／ 资源分类框架》。通过新颁发的《固体矿产资源／ 储量分类》国家标准与我国现行分类及联合国框架的对比,阐述了其主要特点及实施意义。     

Trace‐element signatures of apatites in granitoids from the Mt Isa Inlier,northwestern Queensland

The concentrations of trace elements in apatite from granitoid rocks of the Mt Isa Inlier have been investigated using the laser‐ablation inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) microprobe. The results indicate that the distribution of trace elements (especially rare‐earth elements (REE), Sr, Y, Mn and Th) in apatite strongly reflects the chemical characteristics of the parental rock. The variations in the trace‐element concentrations of apatite are correlated with parameters such as the SiO₂ content, oxidation state of iron, total alkalis and the aluminium saturation index (ASI). The relative enrichment of Y, HREE and Mn and the relative depletion of Sr in the apatites studied reflect the degree of fractionation of the host granite. Apatites from strongly oxidised plutons tend to have higher concentrations of LREE relative to MREE. Manganese concentrations are higher in apatite from reduced granitoids because Mn²⁺substitutes directly for Ca²⁺. The La/Ce ratio of apatite is well‐correlated with the whole‐rock K²O and Na²O contents, as well as with the oxidation state and ASI. Because apatite trace‐element composition reflects the chemistry of the whole rock, it can be a useful indicator mineral for the recognition of mineralised granite suites, where particular mineralisation styles are associated with granitoids that have specific geochemical fingerprints.     

中国南极信息系统总体框架的构想与研究

本文根据现实需求和所面临的国际环境,以系统论、信息论、控制论为基本立足点,探讨了中国南极信息系统(CAIS)总体框架的构想以及如何建立CAIS的若干问题。文中阐述了建设CAIS与南极信息资源管理(AIRM)之间相辅相承的关系;描述了CAIS的概念结构和基本结构的框架模型;研究了总体框架及系统的基本特征;分析了基本结构的层次性和相关性。针对易造成信息系统脆弱性的各种问题,讨论了需采用的技术、研究方法、开发策略、应遵循的基本规律,指出CAIS的第一个实践目标是开发与编写基于ADIF(南极目录交换用格式)的南极数据目录和南极主题词表。     

伊通地堑层序构成及层序地层格架样式

伊通地堑充填白垩系、下第三系、上第三系和第四系碎屑沉积物，厚约２０００～６０００ｍ。地堑内主要发育冲积扇体系、扇三角洲体系和湖泊体系，在地堑不同演化阶段分别构成６种沉积体系域类型．层序地层格架主要受控于构造、物源体系、湖的扩展及萎缩旋回和沉积中心分布。层序地层格架样式显示南北向隆回相间、东缓西陡的不对称式充填特征。     

华南晚三叠世前陆盆地的成因地层格架及演化历史

在详细研究盆地中各类沉积体系的沉积构成和演化过程的基础上,通过成因地层对比,建立了残留海湾—前陆盆地的成因地层格架。根据沉积体系的时空组合及其与相关等时性地层面的配置关系,划分出了3个构造沉积幕,每个构造沉积幕都是盆地基底荷载挠曲变形至弹性回跳过程的沉积响应。海平面升降变化和盆内软沉积物压实沉降虽然不能触发和主控盆地基底的构造挠曲旋回,但对各构造沉积幕的地层构型和持续时间有重要影响。盆地基底荷载挠曲变形与海平面升降或压实沉降过程以不同方式叠加,产生各种类型的构造沉积幕,与前陆盆地共生的还有后陆盆地和残留的弧后盆地。