基于加卸载响应比理论的矿柱动力稳定性分析

利用有限差分程序FLAC建立连续和并排的两类非均质矿柱模型,对矿柱在动力载荷循环作用下的破坏过程进行全时程动力分析。将加卸载响应比(LURR)理论引入矿柱动力稳定性分析中,以施加的动力载荷对矿柱作用的周期性变化作为加载量,以矿柱特征点的位移变化和破坏单元的弹性应变能的演化规律作为响应参数,建立矿柱的加卸载响应比模型,确定矿柱在动力载荷作用期间的加卸载响应比时间序列。计算结果表明,矿柱整体上处于稳定状态和趋于失稳时,其加卸载响应比Y值表现出不同的特征,通过对Y值的分析对矿柱的稳定状态进行评价,预测是否临近峰值承载能力,表明在矿柱动力破裂过程数值模拟分析中引入加卸载响应比是矿柱破坏力学行为研究的一种方便而有效的方法。     

柴达木盆地西部地下卤水水化学特征及其起源演化

柴达木盆地西北角分布有基岩,盆地西部分布山麓堆积及河、湖相沉积地层,新生界发育有多个北西—南东走向的规模不一的背斜,新近系分布有富钾地下卤水。利用统计方法分析卤水中TDS、K+和B2O3的富集情况。结果显示：TDS值出现双峰,卤水样品富K+和B3+的概率分别为628%和6129%。使用Piper图研究地下卤水时,经常出现样品点过于集中而不易反映主要离子含量的变化。本次研究改进了前人的图示方法,绘制适合于表示地下卤水的水化学图。利用钠氯系数、氯溴系数、氯碘系数、钾氯系数、脱硫系数、钙镁系数对研究区卤水水样进行分析,结果显示卤水样品多数未达到石盐沉积,少数达到石盐沉积。研究区水样氢、氧稳定同位素数据显示新近系地下卤水δ18O值和δD值均发生漂移,表明卤水经历长时间的蒸发浓缩。研究区地下卤水起源于早上新世的古大气降水,上新世以后由于青藏高原快速隆升,柴达木盆地抬升和沉降中心东移,接受沉积形成良好的盖层,同时大气环流的改变致使气候变得干燥,地下卤水经历蒸发浓缩封存,形成现今的卤水。     

Residents′Activity-travel Behavior Variation by Communities in Beijing,China

China’s transition from a planned economy to a market economy has resulted in many changes in its urban structure and society and provided an opportunity for a quasi-longitudinal case study on the relationship between the built environment and activity-travel behavior.This paper draws upon data from an activity diary survey conducted in Beijing in 2007.The survey sample comprised 652 residents living in Danwei(work unit),commodity housing,and affordable housing neighborhoods.On the basis of the three-dimensional geo-visualization analysis of the space-time path and statistical multivariate regression models of daily travel and leisure time,it was found that both residential spatial factors and socio-demographics influence residents’ daily behaviors.The findings show that Danwei residents have less daily travel time than those who live in commodity housing,but people living in affordable housing endure the longest travel time.Daily leisure time is associated more with individual attributes.We argue that although China’s transition is currently gradual,the Danwei system may continue to play significant roles in daily life,and it might provide a valuable model for neighborhood spatial planning.     

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基于Xu-White模型横波速度预测的误差分析

在砂泥岩剖面中,基于Gassmann方程和Xu-White岩石物理模型,利用常规测井资料及实验室岩石物理数据进行横波速度估算.模型中考虑了泥质砂岩中基质性质、泥质含量、孔隙度大小和孔隙形状以及孔隙饱含流体性质对岩石速度的影响.综合分析了模型中砂、泥岩和孔隙流体弹性参数以及孔隙纵横比等输入参数的误差对预测横波速度精度的影响.数值模型试验表明,在Xu-White模型中采用变化的孔隙纵横比估算出的横波速度远远比采用固定孔隙纵横比估算出的横波速度准确.     

Dynamic response and optimal design of structures with large mass ratio TMD

This paper investigates the dynamic behavior and the seismic effectiveness of a non‐conventional Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) with large mass ratio. Compared with conventional TMD, the device mass is increased up to be comparable with the mass of the structure to be protected, aiming at a better control performance. In order to avoid the introduction of an excessive additional weight, masses already present on the structure are converted into tuned masses, retaining structural or architectural functions beyond the mere control function. A reduced order model is introduced for design purposes and the optimal design of a large mass ratio TMD for seismic applications is then formulated. The design method is specifically developed to implement High‐Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB) to connect the device mass to the main structure, taking advantage of combining stiffness and noticeable damping characteristics. Ground acceleration is modeled as a Gaussian random process with white noise power spectral density. A numerical searching technique is used to obtain the optimal design parameter, the frequency ratio alpha, which minimizes the root‐mean‐square displacement response of the main structure. The study finally comprises shaking table tests on a 1:5 scale model under a wide selection of accelerograms, both artificial and natural, to assess the seismic effectiveness of the proposed large mass ratio TMD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海南琼海加积井水位对远大震的同震响应特征研究

In this study,we analyze the co-seismic response of water levels in the Jiaji well to strong earthquakes(MS≥7.8) from 2001 to 2010 at an epicentral distance less than 8000km.We investigated the co-seismic variation form of water levels,and analyzed the relationship between the amplitude of water level variation and the magnitude and the epicentral distance.We then checked the seismic wave phases when the changes of water level occurred.It was shown that:(1) the water level’s co-seismic response is mainly characterized by escalation with no oscillation;(2) the amplitude of water level change has a certain connection with epicentral distance and magnitude;(3) co-seismic response of water levels in the Jiaji well shows a certain directivity;(4) most of the co-seismic responses were caused by surface waves,and some by long-period S waves.     

阻尼连体结构地震响应影响参数研究

针对阻尼连体结构,采用串并联质点系层模型,沿连体设置方向施加El Centro1940地震波,讨论了毗邻结构自振周期比与连接体阻尼刚度变化对阻尼连体结构地震响应的影响。研究结果表明:毗邻结构自振周期比与连体阻尼刚度对结构的地震响应影响较大,存在一个使结构地震响应为最优的周期比与阻尼刚度值,为实际工程应用和研究提供一些参考。     

地震动有效幅值不对称性特征研究

利用国内外287次5级以上的实际地震记录,研究了地震动有效幅值的不对称性特征及其规律。分别用有效幅值不对称比和有效幅值作用次数不对称比来描述地震动的不对称性,统计结果具有规律性,并提出了其估计公式。结果表明:地震动有效幅值不对称性和有效幅值作用次数不对称性特征明显,幅值不对称比的平均值不受震级影响,但与截断比呈非线性递增关系,截断比小于1/3时不对称比在1.07～1.20之间,截断比大于1/3时不对称比在1.13～1.96之间;有效幅值作用次数不对称比的平均值不受震级影响,但与截断比呈非线性递增关系,截断比小于1/3时作用次数不对称比在1.04～1.31之间变化,截断比大于1/3时作用次数不对称比在1.22～1.80之间。     

基于推覆分析的RC框架地震倒塌易损性预测

基于倒塌率的结构倒塌易损性分析是目前评价结构抗倒塌能力最合理的方法.但是,目前基于增量动力分析(IDA)的倒塌率分析方法,工作量和实施难度大,很难直接用于工程设计,因此有必要研究便于工程应用的新方法.本文基于18个典型多层RC框架结构的IDA倒塌率分析和静力推覆分析,发现RC框架在大震下的倒塌率及抗倒塌安全储备(CMR)与静力推覆得到的结构位移安全储备之间存在较好的相关关系.依据此关系,建议了保证大震倒塌率的推覆位移安全储备,并通过9个RC框架结构算例进行了验证.本文方法简单易行,可供规则多层RC框架结构抗倒塌设计参考.