The right to infrastructure: a struggle for sanitation in Fresno,California homeless encampments

In 2013, Fresno, California was home to more than 5,000 homeless people, many of whom took refuge in sprawling downtown encampments. Citing unsanitary conditions, Fresno officials implemented a policy of bulldozing the encampments while providing housing vouchers to a small number of residents. Yet homeless Fresnans by and large demanded the provision of sanitation in the encampments as an alternative to eviction. In doing so, they invoked their right to urban infrastructure. Drawing from literature on informal housing in the Global South, this paper argues that individual housing rights present a limited framework through which to understand homeless people’s right to the city, and that a truly radical right to the city should reflect the demand for sanitation infrastructure emerging from the streets.     

Structure of the Wollaston Lake Reflector (Trans-Hudson Orogen, Canada) from reflection AVO analysis: Fractured diabase intrusion, fluids, or silicified shear zone?

A nearly 160-km long Wollaston Lake Reflector (WLR) observed in seismic reflection profile S2b of the 1994 Lithoprobe Trans-Hudson Orogen transect (THOT) in northern Saskatchewan (Canada) is among the most spectacular and well-recorded features imaged within the crystalline crust. Based on modeling of its normal-incidence reflectivity, the observed bright spot reflector was originally interpreted as a series of tabular diabase intrusions. In order to further elucidate its structure, we reprocessed line S2b and analysed the WLR for the Amplitude Variations with Offset (AVO). By contrast to conventional (approximate) AVO analysis, we used the exact Zoeppritz equations and considered a thin-layer (mixed positive and negative polarities) reflectivity. The results suggest two possible interpretations of the WLR: 1) the reflector caused by a massive mafic intrusion as suggested earlier, in which case the intruded rocks should have anomalous Poisson's ratios of σ ≥ 0.33, and 2) the WLR represents a silicified shear zone, with only moderate (e.g.,  5–10%) alteration of the host rock and σ ≈ 0.2. Although both of these models may to some extent co-exist within the WLR, its brightness, sharpness, great lateral extent and smooth shape favour the second interpretation.In both models, a fractured fluid-filled zone within a major crustal detachment should have played a key role in the formation of the WLR. The association of the reflector with laterally- and depth-migrating fluids is also supported by magneto-telluric measurements of crustal conductivity beneath the WLR. Analogies from the studies of the Kola Superdeep Borehole (Russia), where free or metamorphic fluids were found at comparable depths, also suggest that fluids may contribute to WLR structure and formation.     

基于街景图像的厦门本岛环境特征对住宅价格的影响研究

住宅价格的空间分异是城市空间资源配置不均衡的外在表现,理解住宅价格的主导影响因素及其空间分异特征对于住区规划及房价调控政策的制定具有重要意义。既有研究较少考虑环境品质对住宅价格的影响和影响因素的作用尺度差异,针对以上问题,本文引入街景图像,在特征价格模型的基础上拓展环境特征,构建多尺度地理加权回归（MGWR）模型,研究环境特征对住宅价格的影响效用,并通过分析其他控制变量的系数空间格局,总结各变量的空间分异特征规律。主要结论为：① 街景图像测度的环境特征更符合人们对居住环境的真实感知,研究结论可为居住环境品质提升提供更加精细化的设计策略; MGWR模型对变量的空间分异现象具有更接近于真实值的拟合效果,可描述不同变量的作用尺度差异,这有助于为特定地区制定针对性规划策略。② 厦门本岛住宅价格呈现显著的聚类特征,并沿城市核心发展轴呈“带状”结构分布。③ 3个环境特征变量对于住宅价格均为显著的正向影响,且作用接近全局尺度,街景绿视率的影响最强,其次是天空开敞度和相对步行指数。④ 总结各变量的系数空间分异规律,发现不同特征地区住宅价格的主导影响因素不同,核心地区主要受交通、教育因素的影响;老城地区主要为环境品质、建筑质量因素;新城地区则为区位、生活设施因素。     

2017~2018年山东长岛震群双差波速比特征分析

通过限定震群集中区范围,剔除同一台站记录的震中位置相近且具有相同路径的地震波,使用双差波速比两次差分的方法,对2017~2018年长岛地区发生的2个震群的波速比值开展特征分析。通过对震相数据敏感性分析得出,双差波速比方法对Pg波到时较为敏感,资料处理时需要将Pg、Sg波震相误差分别控制在0.02 s和0.20 s以内。最终分析结果显示,长岛震群波速比值在1.69~1.78范围内波动,波速比变化与震群活动过程密切相关;震群几次较大余震发生前,波速比呈现低值状态;主震和余震的波速比变化存在差异,可能反映二者发震机理有所不同。     

中国特有的永瓣藤属植物区系地理性质与特征

永瓣藤是卫矛科的单型属(Monimop etalum Chinese Rehd),为中国特有的珍稀濒危植物,分布于北纬28°30'～30°10'和东经114°30'～118°10'的长江中下游南岸地区。文中研究了永瓣藤的自然地理环境与群落特征,分布区的历史和分布格局的现状,探讨了它起源的时间、地区及区系地理性质。研究结果表明:(1)永瓣藤适应于温暖湿润和偏酸性(pH5.5～6.5)土壤的地理环境;它是群落的伴生成分,其分布受到杉木、马尾松、毛竹、赤杨叶等优势成分的影响。(2)其分布区的地史演变大概为:连续分布(新第三纪)→间断分布(第四纪及以后)→星散分布(现状).通山县的残存为湖北省植物区系地理分布新记录属(种).(3)它分布于我国东部中亚热带向北亚热带过渡区域,是一个具亚热带性质的华东特有属。(4)其起源地可能是扬子古陆的九岭-怀玉联合地体;起源时间大约在新第三纪中新世(或更晚),是被子植物一个起源比较年轻的属,并不是起源古老的地理成分。     

新疆农垦148团农用土地估价研究

在分析农用土地价格特点的基础上,依据投入产出调查资料,采用标准田地价比照法,以参评作物地价和综合地价相结合的方式,建立了研究区包括平均地价和变幅的农用土地基准地价体系,并可据此计算每一宗地的地价。     

城镇土地定级估价成果的应用与更新--以灵宝市为例

探讨了我国城镇土地定级估价成果的应用,并结合实例研究,提出了更新城镇土地定级估价成果的方法。     

泡沫钻进中的腐蚀现象与泡沫发生器

泡沫钻进中有两个问题有待解决。第一是泡沫对钢铁具有明显的腐蚀作用。由于泡沫中有水和大量空气,而空气中含有氧。钢铁的腐蚀主要是水与氧的作用。在氧化锈蚀过程中发泡剂也起着重要作用。为此提出了防腐措施。第二是泡沫的发生。稳定泡沫的产生必须具备两个条件:物质条件和机械条件。没有发泡剂的加入不会产生稳定的泡沫。没有强有力的机械作用,气体进入不了液膜,也不会发泡。相应的措施是设专门的泡沫发生器。      

Production of the Crab Elamenopsis kempiHymenosomatidae in the Garmat-Ali Region, Basrah, Iraq

Abstract. The production of the hymenosomatid crab Elamenopsis kempi was calculated for a period of 18 months from a subtidal area of the Garmat-Ali river, southern Iraq. The highest average individual somatic energy was attained in spring. Maximum population biomass and production were attained by the summer cohort and the minimum values were exhibited by the overwintering cohort. The fluctuations of the average population biomass were followed throughout the sampling period. Average total annual population production was 13.2 g DW · m^-2· a^-1 and the P/B ratio was 5.9. These values were compared with those of the most common crustaceans in the region.