美国国家天基PNT概况

简要介绍美国国家天基PNT推出背景、管理机构、相关政策和PNT体系结构及对GPS系统的影响和GPS的改进活动,并从PNT政策和GPS系统的安全两个角度分析了PNT的安全。     

利用X射线脉冲星进行同步定位/授时的可观性分析

将星载时钟钟差增广为状态向量,根据非线性系统的可观性秩条件判据,从理论上证明了利用X射线脉冲星进行同步定位/授时是可观的,为X射线脉冲星自主导航的工程应用提供了理论依据。     

大兴安岭地区铜钼矿床成矿区带背景及找矿前景分析

本文根据区域构造背景和已知铜钼矿床的分布规律,将大兴安岭地区划分为西拉木伦河钼多金属、大兴安岭南段铜钼、大兴安岭北段铜钼和额尔古纳铜钼4个成矿带.归纳了研究区铜钼矿床的成因类型,主要有斑岩型、热液脉型、矽卡岩型等,并就各成因类型进行了典型矿床的举例.对研究区铜钼矿床的时空分布特征进行了总结,并按照典型矿床形成时间的先后...     

影响罗兰C系统定位定时精度因素的实测分析

以罗兰C覆盖范围内典型区域实测得到的数据为基础,结合罗兰C定位、定时工作原理,通过理论分析和统计计算,量化了相同条件下同一点GPS与罗兰C接收设备、不同种类罗兰C接收设备之间的定时定位差异,剖析归纳出制约罗兰C定时精度提高的主要因素,并提出了解决问题的意见、建议,为有效提升我国罗兰C系统的定时定位精度提供参考与支撑。     

海啸早期预警系统的一种本体式表达

无线传感器通常用于环境监测,如气候变化、水质和监控灾害管理等。目前,灾害管理是一项十分关键和紧迫的工作,在海啸预警和预测系统方面尤为突出。本文在研制区域水文态势地理信息服务系统(RHSGISS)的基础上,为减缓灾害,研究出了海啸早期预警系统的一种本体式表达。该系统由地震监测台站、海底压力记录仪(BPR)和验潮仪等组成,其主要功用是解释复杂的多维数据。该数据由各种传感器、系统间的互操作性以及处理异构数据等生成。目前的核心问题在于将获取自海啸早期预警系统多个组件的异构数据进行融合以及提供基于Web网络的数据服务。面向特定陆表监测与应急响应任务,本文通过使用开放地理空间联盟(OGC)确定的传感器网络赋能实现(SWE)框架,构建了基于"北斗"卫星导航系统的GPNT服务体系,能为所有接入空天地一体化对地感测网环境下的用户共享互操作性和可伸缩性提供便利。本体因其功能上可以提供明确含义的信息,而成为了解决信息异质性问题的手段。本文在传感器网络数据与数据语义方面提出了一种面向服务的架构(SOA)模型,目的是要提供使用本体和Jena规范来表示更有意义的早期海啸预警系统信息。     

Improvement of artificial neural networks to predict daily streamflow in a semi-arid area

ABSTRACT

The application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) has been widely used recently in streamflow forecasting because of their ?exible mathematical structure. However, several researchers have indicated that using ANNs in streamflow forecasting often produces a timing lag between observed and simulated time series. In addition, ANNs under- or overestimate a number of peak flows. In this paper, we proposed three data-processing techniques to improve ANN prediction and deal with its weaknesses. The Wilson-Hilferty transformation (WH) and two methods of baseflow separation (one parameter digital filter, OPDF, and recursive digital filter, RDF) were coupled with ANNs to build three hybrid models: ANN-WH, ANN-OPDF and ANN-RDF. The network behaviour was quantitatively evaluated by examining the differences between model output and observed variables. The results show that even following the guidelines of the Wilson-Hilferty transformation, which significantly reduces the effect of local variations, it was found that the ANN-WH model has shown no significant improvement of peak flow estimation or of timing error. However, combining baseflow with streamflow and rainfall provides important information to ANN models concerning the flow process operating in the aquifer and the watershed systems. The model produced excellent performance in terms of various statistical indices where timing error was totally eradicated and peak flow estimation significantly improved.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor Y. Gyasi-Agyei     

脉冲星测时软件TEMPO2的使用方法

详细介绍了脉冲星测时软件TEMPO2的应用算法和软件的使用方法。内容包括软件的下载、安装、各种程序接口的使用、数据模拟、软件的开发以及该软件预测模式的使用。     

利用自生伊利石激光加热~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar定年技术探讨惠州凹陷新近系油气充注时间

油气成藏年代学是新兴的学科发展方向。烃类充注之后,砂岩储层中自生伊利石停止生长,故可利用自生伊利石的年龄来推断储集层中油气藏形成的最老年龄。砂岩样品中存在的有机质在质谱仪离子源中产生的覆盖40Ar峰的有机碎片离子m/e36-m/e40将导致错误的同位素分析和年龄谱结果。经预处理后的伊利石样品加热后在质谱仪离子源中确实产生了有机碎片离子m/e36-m/e44,为获得可靠的分析结果,必须完全清除有机杂质气体。在攻克了有机杂质气体纯化技术之后,笔者开展了珠江口盆地惠州凹陷内3个富油气二级构造带油气藏砂岩自生伊利石40Ar-39Ar法定年研究,采取样品清洗、循环冷冻—加热法破碎样品、经苯-甲醇混合试剂洗油、采用离心机分离粘土矿物。自生伊利石激光阶段加热40Ar-39Ar定年最初低温阶段综合年龄结果表明,惠州凹陷珠海组和珠江组自生伊利石加权平均年龄分别为(12.1±1.1)Ma和(9.9±1.2)Ma,惠州凹陷新近系油气成藏关键时间为10Ma左右。结合该区断裂发育史、油气成藏组合和流体包裹体均一化温度等资料进一步分析认为,中中新世末—晚中新世末的晚期断层活化加强了新近系油气的成藏。     

松辽盆地大庆长垣形成时间的厘定及其地质意义

大庆长垣位于松辽盆地北部一级构造单元中央坳陷区内,是松辽盆地中隆升幅度最高、规模最大的背斜,由于其含有十分丰富的油气资源,长期以来备受瞩目,但其形成时间一直存在很大争议。通过对大庆长垣二维、三维地震剖面解析,应用生长地层理论,厘定大庆长垣的形成时间,并探讨其地质意义。研究发现:大庆长垣呈近NNE走向,为一个与近NWW—SEE向挤压作用有关的大型背斜。大庆长垣背斜北部嫩江组—明水组(T_1-T_(02))、中部嫩江组四段—明水组(T_(05)-T_(02))、南部四方台组—明水组(T03-T02)自构造高部位向低部位厚度逐渐增大,为与大庆长垣背斜隆升相伴沉积的一套生长地层;下伏地层在大庆长垣背斜顶部、翼部及两侧向斜部位厚度基本相等,具有前生长地层特征。大庆长垣背斜自嫩江组沉积初期受到近NWW—SEE向挤压作用开始隆升,一直持续到明水组沉积末期,但大庆长垣背斜不同构造部位的隆升时间、隆升速率及隆升高度都有所不同。松辽盆地晚白垩世的挤压作用可能与太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关,对油气的运移和聚集成藏有很大的影响。     

Oil charge history of Paleogene–Eocene reservoir in the Termit Basin (Niger)

A total of 73 oils from the sandstone reservoir of Paleocene–Eocene Sokor 1 Formation in the Termit Basin (eastern Niger) were analysed to investigate the distribution characteristics of biomarkers. Most of the oil samples are quite similar in their organic geochemical characteristics and should have been derived from the same source bed/source kitchen. The homogenisation temperatures of aqueous inclusions in Paleocene–Eocene reservoir of the Termit Basin vary with a range of 76–125?°C. By combining the homogenisation temperatures with the burial and geothermal histories reconstructed by 1-dimensional basin modelling, the timing and episode of oil charge can be obtained, i.e. 13 to 0?Ma for Paleocene–Eocene reservoirs in the Termit Basin. Two presentative geochemical parameters, i.e. Ts / (Ts?+?Tm) and 2,4-dibenzothiophene/1,4-dibenzothiophene (2,4-DMDBT/1,4-DMDBT) were applied to trace the oil migration direction and filling pathway. The preferred oil-filling points in the northwest section of the Termit Basin were determined, and the promising exploratory targets were proposed for further oil exploration in this region.