Appraisal of World Reference Base for Soil Resources—from a nordic point of view

During the project “Nordic Reference Soils” 13 different soils from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden were selected in order to represent i) soils covering the main areas of the Nordic area, ii) soils from the different climatic regions, and iii) environmental sensitive soils. The 13 Nordic Reference Soils provided an excellent basis for the evaluation of the WRB (World Reference Base for Soil Resources) performance under Nordic conditions. Classification according to the WRB poses considerable problems. These concern podzolized soils, cultivated soils, and the acid sulfate soils. Only three out of the seven podzolized soils are allocated in taxons reflecting that they were podzolized. Four out of the nine cultivated soils were exposed to substantial anthropogenic impact, resulting in man-made Mollic A-horizons, which is not reflected in the classification. The WRB-classification of the soils is compared with the FAO and Soil Taxonomy classification. This highlighted some of the classification problems. This paper will propose changes to the WRB in order to improve the performance of the system for Nordic soils.

Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 100: 15–26     

The impact of Chinese Shanghai–Nanjing high-speed rail on regional accessibility

In this paper, we develop a new method to calculate regional accessibility with geography information system (GIS), using the Shanghai–Nanjing high-speed rail (SNHR) as an example. We calculated the indexes of normal accessibility, average accessibility and weighted average accessibility before and after SNHR was put into service. We also calculated the changes of the indexes. The results showed that the values of all the indexes decreased and that regional accessibility was improved by SNHR. But, the reduction degrees were not the same in all different places. In addition, we discussed the potential impact of accessibility changes. Accessibility changes will promote sustainable development and regional cooperation. At the same time, as the imbalance of accessibility changes, the gap of competitiveness levels between regions along the line and edge regions will be expanded.     

COMMENTS ON “SPATIAL VARIATION OF HILLSLOPE PROFILES IN THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU,KENTUCKY” BY EDMUND B. WOOOS

Book Reviewed in this article:

Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey.

Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds.

The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer.

Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed.

The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale.

Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds.

Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed.

Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds.

Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds.

Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds.

Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small.

Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds.

The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz.

World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds.

Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken.

Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein.

South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair.

Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed.

Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor.

Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds.

Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig.

The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston.

Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb.

Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer.

China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang.

A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West.

Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed.

Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied.

Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves.

Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor.

Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran.

Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds.

The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada:

Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo.

The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest.

Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke.

Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels.

The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed.

Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen.

The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds.

Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester.

Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman.

Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed.

Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli.     

吉林西部洋沙泡水库高氟水的形成

在调查、分析洋沙泡周边地质、水文地质和氟土壤特征的基础上,结合洋沙泡水库模拟实验结果对吉林西部洋沙泡水库高氟水的形成进行了深入研究。结果表明,吉林西部高氟环境的形成是地表环境长期演化的结果:大兴安岭岩浆岩和松嫩低平原松散沉积物提供了含氟丰富的物质基础,河流及地下水径流提供了氟迁移的动力条件,典型的低平原是高氟形成的地理条件,干旱半干旱的气候条件成为高氟环境的促进条件。洋沙泡的氟主要来源为二龙涛河径流携带,多年平均携带量占年内氟总来源的99%以上;周边径流占0.014%～0.28%;降水携带量占0.012%;蒸发浓缩作用对洋沙泡水库的氟质量浓度也有一定影响。此外,内源底泥的释放也是洋沙泡水库水体氟质量浓度增高的原因之一,并且在引嫩入白工程实施后,依然使洋沙泡水库水体中氟质量浓度增加。在每年引水的情况下,需要5年时间水库水体氟的质量浓度才会降至1.0mg/L以下。风动力和人为活动也对洋沙泡水库的氟质量浓度变化产生影响。     

超高压矿物研究进展

我国超高压矿物研究近十年来取得了重要进展.参与发现了5个超高压新矿物及若干待命名高压相,被国际矿物协会新矿物、命名与分类委员会批准和命名的超高压矿物包括涂氏磷钙石、塞石英、玲根石、谢氏超晶石、阿考寨石等.在冲击变质陨石中发现了后尖晶石结构的超高压相,即谢氏超晶石和CF相,引起了高压地质学及大地构造学界的关注.揭示了从冲击成因二氧化硅熔体中结晶的柯石英,合理地限定了冲击变质成因柯石英的形成压力温度条件,为我国首个地外天体撞击构造——岫岩陨石坑的证实提供了关键的矿物物理证据.     

东营市地热资源综合开发利用分析

东营市地热资源丰富,近年地热资源开采量增加非常迅速。主要开采层位为东营组热储和馆陶组热储,其开发利用方向主要以供暖、洗浴为主。由于综合利用技术不完善,在带来经济效益的同时,不合理开采及尾水的任意排放对当地环境造成一定的负面影响。该文根据当前地热资源开发利用现状及存在的问题,利用梯级开发模式,改善了尾水排放对当地环境的影响,并对东营市地热资源保护与环境治理提出了建议。     

采煤对峰峰矿区黑龙洞泉岩溶水系统影响程度评价

在分析峰峰矿区采煤与黑龙洞泉岩溶水系统关系和矿床水文地质资料基础上,确定开采规模、构造复杂程度和岩溶水水压等9个因素为采煤对黑龙洞泉岩溶水系统水量、水质和环境影响的主要因素,运用基于MAPGIS的层次分析法。就采煤对黑龙洞泉岩溶水系统影响程度进行了评价．将峰峰矿区采煤对黑龙洞泉岩溶水系统影响程度分为强、较强、中等、较小、小五个等级,为矿区煤炭资源科学开采和区域水资源保护提供了依据。     

工业γ射线探伤机辐射环境影响调查及评价

从探伤机工作原理、有关标准规范、辐射环境影响等方面,结合某企业γ射线探伤机周围空气比释动能率实测数据,分析评价了射线探伤机使用过程中对周围环境的辐射影响程度和影响范围,提出相应的辐射安全管理及辐射防护措施。     

四川安谷水电站勘探竖井及试验平硐施工工艺

四川安谷水电站勘探竖井所处地层河床砂卵石层深厚,采用传统的人工挖掘护壁或沉井施工工艺,施工难度大。针对地层的特点,采用冲击钻机成孔的方式施工。同时,在竖井中开挖试验平硐,遵循多炮眼、小进尺、小药量,光面爆破的施工方案,圆满完成试验平硐的开挖。介绍了其施工技术及注意事项。     

冲击作用下饱和土性状的试验研究

在三轴条件下,对饱和土（砂土和黏土）进行排水与不排水条件下的冲击试验及冲击后再固结试验,对比研究了不同渗透性土在不同排水条件下的冲击动力响应和冲击后再固结性状。结果表明：饱和黏土不排水冲击时的孔隙水压力随冲击击数增加而升高并逐渐稳定,排水冲击时的孔隙水压力则是先达到峰值然后有所下降;砂土不排水冲击时的冲击能量对孔隙水压力影响最明显;饱和砂土不排水冲击时的轴向应变与冲击击数呈近似线性关系,饱和黏土冲击及饱和砂土排水冲击则呈近二次曲线关系;饱和砂土不排水冲击后再固结阶段的孔隙水压力立即消散为0,同时体变迅速增大到一定值;饱和黏土在冲击后再固结阶段的孔隙水压力在一定时间内逐渐消散完毕,同时体变逐渐增大;饱和黏土排水冲击时,冲击阶段产生的体变占冲击引起总体变的39%～49%,冲击后再固结阶段产生的体变占51%～61%;砂土和黏土的总体变均表现为排水冲击明显大于不排水冲击,改善冲击时的排水条件有利于提高加固效果。