云南格咱岛弧成矿带铜厂沟铜钼多金属矿床地球化学特征及地质意义

通过对铜厂沟矿区花岗闪长斑岩地球化学元素及矿区地质特征分析研究,区内的花岗闪长斑岩SiO2含量为66.32%~69.60%,Al2O3含量为14.05%~15.55%,MgO含量为1.19%~1.39%,铝饱和指数A/CNK值为0.88~1.05,属于准铝质-弱过铝质,全碱(K2O+Na2O)含量为6.97%~9.11%,相比中酸性岩石碱度较高。岩石中的轻稀土比较富集(LREE/HREE=13.56~16.94),轻重稀土分馏明显(LaN/YbN=25.97~36.73),δEu(0.87~1.01)、δCe(0.89~0.94)均无明显的异常。富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,Rb、K、La、Ba),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE,Nb、Hf、Ti),指示岩石是与板块俯冲相关的造山花岗岩系列。矿床中斑岩型矿体与岩浆侵入成矿作用关系密切,而矽卡岩型-热液脉型矿体与岩浆热液上侵充填-接触交代作用相关,矿区深部工程已揭露出深部存在隐伏花岗闪长斑岩体,找矿潜力巨大。     

海南岛三亚湾海滩研究*

海南岛三亚湾及其周边海滩可分为两种主要类型:一类是岩礁海岸海滩,发育于基岩和珊瑚礁岛波影区或珊瑚礁平台后侧,多为背叠式砂砾滩,滩窄、坡陡,具有数道陡坎,在岛礁背风侧常发育不同阶段的连岛坝,如白排人工岛西南端海滩、鹿回头湾大洲后侧及对岸的海滩、鹿回头湾和小东海海滩;另一类是沙坝海岸海滩,发育于向外海敞开的大沙坝的向海侧,海湾内砂质沉积物丰富,形成滩脊式或背叠式砂质滩,滩面宽坦,物质较细,如三亚湾和大东海海滩。因湾口朝向与湾内岛礁分布发育情况不同,湾内受常浪和台风强浪作用的强度与频率不同,加之现代泥沙补给情况的差异,这一类海滩的形态结构亦不尽相同。如三亚湾西侧近岬角处,波能辐聚,动力强,侵蚀作用突出,滩面呈近直线形倾斜,并形成两道陡坎;三亚湾中部,受岛礁保护,滩面宽阔,波浪消能空间充足,物质丰富,发育滩脊型海滩,滩面呈上凸形,基本稳定;三亚湾东侧,虽有岛礁掩蔽,但由于人为修建的绿地草坪带和水泥碎砖石小径等,建设高度过低, 束狭了激浪带的自由作用宽度,减小了波浪消能范围,破坏了海滩的整体结构,同时阻断了沙坝向海滩的供沙, 使滩面坡度加大,物质粗化,局部与小径相接处形成侵蚀陡坎、椰树等倾斜,呈侵蚀状态。     

硇洲岛海水入侵数值模拟

通过对硇洲岛地质和水文地质条件的综合分析,建立了本研究区三维地下水数值模型,并获取了相关含水层参数。从而建立海水入侵数值模型,对硇洲岛在不同开采条件下的海水入侵趋势进行了模拟预测,结果表明,减少开采量能减缓硇洲岛海水入侵;在满足当地供水需求的前提下,减少浅层水开采量,在远离沿海区域的中部地区适当增加中层水开采量的开采方案优于现状开采条件下的方案。本研究也为减缓海水入侵提供了相关科学依据。     

Geology and petrology of the Hormuz dolomite, Infra-Cambrian: Implications for the formation of the salt-cored Halul and Shraouh islands, Offshore, State of Qatar

Geological investigations of the Halul and the Shraouh islands, offshore Qatar, indicate that most of their calcareous rocks, which display abundant stromatolitic bedding, belong to the Infra-Cambrian Hormuz Series. Mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical analyses show that these calcareous rocks consist dominantly of dolomite and have formed in a reducing depositional environment. Faint laminations and small streaks of organic matter furnish evidence for the involvement of algal mats in their genesis and indicate their formation in an intertidal to supratidal setting. The Halul and Shraouh dolomites experienced extensive recrystallization and sulfatization during the emplacement of the Halul and Shraouh salt domes that form the cores of the islands. During mobilization and ascent of the salt, the dolomite recrystallized, and its Sr initial ratios were abnormally enhanced by the incorporation of ⁸⁷Sr from a source, which is more radiogenic than the attendant seawater at the time of the dolomite formation near the Proterozoic–Cambrian boundary. Geochemical analysis show that Si, Al, Ti Zr, and % of insoluble residue are highly correlative, suggesting the presence of detrital minerals such as rutile and zircon. A paleosabkha model may well agree with this chemical signature. However, the Infra-Cambrian age of the Hormuz rocks and the presence of stromatolitic layers containing organic materials in the studied rocks, suggest that organogenic dolomitization could be an alternative dolomitization model.     

Characteristics of the Bumo Gold Field, Hainan Island, China and Gold Exploration Through Soil Geochemical Surveys

The Bumo gold deposit is a low‐sulfide quartz vein type deposit, situated in the west of Hainan Island, approximately 25 km southeast of Dongfang City (termed Basuo in alias). Tectonically, the SW‐NE‐oriented Gezhen Ductile‐Shearing Zone was largely attenuated in Bumo. It is hosted by gneisses and schists of Proterozoic age (locally called the Baoban Group), but the radiometric age of ores mainly is Jurassic–Cretaceous, being coeval to the regional metallogenesis along the Eurasian margin. The affinity with the Phanerozoic orogenic gold deposits is indicated by low salinity (2.4 wt% NaCl–10.3 wt% NaCl), intermediate temperature (150–300°C) and appropriate δ¹⁸O value (approximately 7–11‰). The gold metal tonnage, proved previously, within an area smaller than 1.0 km² in the gold belt II amounted to 11.59 t, with the average gold grades for the major Au quartz veins (7 and 8) in this belt of 52.7 and 71.1 g/t, respectively. This shows significant enrichment of gold and an unusual “nugget effect”. A ring structure, mainly represented by ridges, valleys, dikes, big bull quartz veins and lithological borders or pertinent faults, marks the gold field, and its origin was linked to a possible magmatic diapir. It was viewed as macroscopic evidence that the dip angles of strata tend to decline gradually from deeper ones in the center area to nearly horizontal in the outskirts, and certain intrusion‐affiliated elements such as Bi, As and W are considerably abundant in soil samples. Two areas, namely the area A (3.06 km²) in the outskirts of the ring structure or in northeastern Bumo and the area B (1.32 km²) in the field center or to the west of the gold belts I and II, were selected for the geochemical survey in a 50 × 50‐m sampling grid. The analytical results of the samples from horizon C and in a ?80 mesh size showed that the average contents of Bi, As and W amounted to 0.55, 19.3 and 3.67 ppm in the area A (1225 samples) and to 0.79, 68.3 and 4.14 ppm in the area B (529 samples), respectively. This geochemical exploration led to the discovery of several Au quartz veins in both areas A and B, which also manifested an Au nugget effect (the average Au grades between 50 and 100 g/t) in spite of their limited scales (from a couple of centimeters to 50 cm wide and from several meters to 15 m long). A mylonite zone in area A was also found by this study. An intimate spatial correlation between a lithological border (gneiss and schist or pegmatite) or the mylonite zone and Au anomalies indicates an important prospect for further gold exploration.     

海南岛东北部木栏头变质杂岩的组成、时代及其区域大地构造意义

新的区域地质调查在海南岛东北部木栏头地区识别出一套从前未知的中级变质杂岩。木栏头变质杂岩主要沿林新—木栏头—虎威岭—赤坡—七星岭—新埠海—铺前海边沿岸呈基岩或不同尺度的无根岩块断续出露，其主体是钙硅酸盐岩和正、副片麻岩，含有少量斜长角闪岩、石英岩和大理岩，并按分布区域可进一步区分出林新片麻岩- 斜长角闪岩组合、木栏头变质火山岩- 钙硅酸盐岩组合、虎威岭- 七星岭片麻岩- 钙硅酸盐岩- 大理岩组合和新埠海- 铺前片麻岩组合等四套岩石组合。对30件变质基性岩、变质中酸性岩、变质碎屑沉积岩、钙硅酸盐岩以及花岗和伟晶岩脉等不同类型岩石的锆石U- Pb定年结果表明，木栏头变质杂岩的原岩主体是一套二叠纪火山- 沉积岩系，其内含有少量二叠纪花岗质侵入岩以及前寒武纪结晶基底的残留。前寒武纪结晶基底主要包括古元古代晚期（1670 Ma）碎屑沉积岩和中元古代早期（1460~1410 Ma）花岗质片麻岩，晚二叠世碱性花岗岩中还存在大量单一的中元古代晚期（1180 Ma）继承锆石。变质沉积岩中的早期碎屑锆石年龄峰值为2550~2490 Ma、1850~1780 Ma、1600~1560 Ma、1450 Ma和1100 Ma，表明其物源主要来自于海南岛中部的抱板群、石碌群和石灰顶组。二叠纪花岗岩的侵入时代主要为280 Ma和260 Ma，与陆缘弧前盆地环境下形成的火山- 沉积岩系的时代基本一致。这些沉积岩中的碎屑锆石除具有395~345 Ma和280~256 Ma两个年龄峰值外，部分样品还含有960~930 Ma和450~410 Ma两个重要年龄峰值，与前人在海南岛晚古生代地层中获得的年代学结果相似。木栏头变质杂岩经历了晚二叠世—中三叠世（254~235 Ma）高角闪岩相区域变质和深熔作用以及花岗和伟晶岩脉的大规模侵入，独居石U- Pb定年表明中侏罗世（159 Ma）花岗岩脉也侵入其中。结合近年发表的研究资料，我们认为海南岛应属于印支陆块的一部分，由中元古代结晶基底和早古生代盖层构成的琼南地体以及该地体演化而来的琼北构造混杂岩带两个次级构造单元组成，邦溪- 晨星构造带或昌江- 琼海断裂不能被视为华南和印支陆块间的构造边界，真正的古特提斯缝合带（即金沙江- 哀牢山- 马江缝合带的东延）应位于木栏头北部，大致相当于现今琼州海峡断裂的位置。华南和印支陆块间古特提斯洋盆的关闭始于石炭纪（340~300 Ma）洋壳的南向俯冲，形成北部的潮滩鼻榴辉岩和南部的邦溪- 晨星弧后盆地，二叠纪时期（280~255 Ma）洋盆持续俯冲形成海南岛主体大陆岛弧以及木栏头弧前盆地，而后洋盆最终关闭并进入到陆- 陆碰撞和碰撞后伸展阶段，从而形成木栏头变质杂岩以及海南岛内部其他三叠纪变质岩和同期花岗质岩石。     

海南岛砖红壤中重金属元素的分布特征及其环境效应

选择海南岛占地面积广、发育典型的砖红壤作为研究对象，探讨砖红壤发育过程中重金属元素的组成特征，分析不同地区砖红壤剖面重金属元素含量的纵向变化规律，厘定不同剖面不同层位重金属元素的富集规律及其成因，并阐述土壤重金属污染的环境效应及其与人类健康之间的相关关系。     

Evolution of the Neoproterozoic Delgo suture zone and crustal growth in Northern Sudan: geochemical and radiogenic isotope constraints

In the Delgo basement area of northern Sudan, low to medium grade metamorphosed volcanic, sedimentary and plutonic rocks are surrounded by high grade gneisses. A NNE-SSW trending suture zone can be defined by the lithological, chemical and structural characteristics of several distinct units. The early Proterozoic gneiss terrain is overlain by metasedimentary units, the metamorphism of which has been dated by the Sm-Nd whole rock-mineral technique (702 ± 27 Ma in the west, 592 ± 16 Ma in the east). In the central part, the Abu Sari volcanic rocks show geochemical signatures of formation at an arc, with a protracted tholeiitic, calc-alkaline and shoshonitic evolution. The overlying El Hamri ophiolite contains chemical features of a back-arc tectonic environments. The ophiolite was dated by the Sm-Nd whole rock method on metagabbros at 752 ± 48 Ma. The further extension of this oceanic basin into the Jebel Rahib in the south-west was dated at 707 ± 54 Ma (Sm-Nd whole rock and minerals).Widespread suite of syn-tectonic granitoid intrusives displays subduction-related characteristics. They where emplaced between 650 to 760 Ma (Pb-zircon evaporation method). Their Nd and Sr isotopic compositions indicate a changing pattern of island arc to active continental margin character along an east-west transect and suggest a west to north-west dipping subduction zone. All units were juxtaposed at the minimum age of 600 Ma and rearranged during an extensional event, which was dated by the Rb-Sr thin slab technique (546 ± 19 Ma) on a migmatite. The Delgo suture provides evidence of a complex terrane pattern in north-east Africa and crustal growth during the Pan-African event by the addition of oceanic material to pre-existing continental crust.     

新疆觉罗塔格地区却勒塔格一带小热泉子组火山岩地球化学特征及构造意义

却勒塔格一带下石炭统小热泉子组为一套滨浅海相火山岩夹少量正常沉积碎屑岩建造,上被上石炭统底格尔组不整合覆盖,火山岩组合以玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩最为发育.火山岩岩石化学、地球化学特征表明,小热泉子组火山岩主要属钙碱性系列,一般以富钠为特征,稀土元素和微量元素分布型式与火山岛弧钙碱性火山岩分布型式基本吻合.     

甘肃金塔南山斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

金塔南山岩带是华北克拉通和塔里木克拉通的分界线。岩带由前寒武纪变质岩系所组成,不同类型的变质地质体之间以逆冲型韧性剪切带接触,主要变质岩斜长角闪岩Sm-Nd等时线年龄为745±59Ma,原岩为玄武岩。Nb/Y<0.7、REE特征及AFM图解显示原岩为拉斑系列和钙碱性系列。稀土元素配分型式为平坦型到富集;相对于N-MORB,低Ti,富集LILE,亏损HFSE,Nb、Ta、Ti表现为明显的负异常(钙碱性系列)到无异常(拉斑系列),Th/Ta>3;I_(Nd)(t)=0.51193±6,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd=0.512878,ξ_(Nd)(t)=+3.88～6.60,均值为5.05,推测斜长角闪岩原岩应为不同程度部分熔融的弧岩浆作用的产物,提示金塔南山岩带是新元古代中期华北克拉通与塔里木克拉通之间的古大洋俯冲消减的结果。