广东省南澳岛东部海域浮游动物群落结构及其影响因素

广东省南澳海域是粤东重要的海产养殖基地, 分析该海域浮游动物群落结构特征对评估其生态环境质量具有重要意义。文章根据2014年9月(秋季)、12月(冬季)、2015年4月(春季)和2016年7月(夏季)在南澳岛东部海域的浮游动物调查, 分析该海域浮游动物的群落结构特征, 探讨环境因素对其时空分布的影响。共鉴定浮游动物206种(包括浮游幼虫), 桡足类种数最多, 达94种; 远岸海域浮游动物的种数高于近岸海域。浮游动物丰度和生物量的季节变化明显, 夏、秋季高于冬、春季; 浮游动物丰度和生物量的分布趋势较一致, 夏季高值区主要出现在近岸, 秋季由近岸向远岸海域递增。浮游动物不同类群和优势种的丰度也存在季节变化, 桡足类是调查期间丰度较高的类群, 秋季水母类和海樽类丰度明显增加; 优势种后圆真浮萤(Euconchoecia maimai)和针刺真浮萤(Euconchoecia aculeata)在夏季丰度高, 小齿海樽(Doliolum denticulatum)在秋季占绝对优势。温度、盐度和浮游植物生物量是影响南澳岛东部海域浮游动物时空变化的主要环境因子, 说明该海域浮游动物群落特征受海流、水团和养殖活动的综合影响。     

滨海体育休闲海域空间适宜性评价--以厦门岛东南部滨海为例

本文以滨海体育休闲对海域空间支撑要求为出发点,以厦门岛东南部滨海为例,从资源条件、自然环境条件和社会条件等3方面,构建滨海运动休闲海域空间适宜性评价指标体系,在专家咨询的基础上采用层次分析法确定指标权重,评价滨海体育休闲海域空间适宜性,研究结果显示:(1)滨海体育休闲海域空间适宜性由南向北逐渐增强,最北部的观音山区较为适宜开展滨海体育休闲活动;(2)自然环境因素是衡量滨海体育休闲海域适宜性的首要因素;(3)决定水上滨海体育休闲海域空间适宜性的重要指标为海水浴场健康指数、海域面积、平均流速、低潮高地暗礁面积比例等,决定沙滩滨海体育休闲海域空间适宜性的重要指标为海滩平均宽度、平均坡度、清洁度等。     

基于时间序列遥感影像的广西南流江口海岛变迁研究

广西南流江口无居民海岛生态系统较为脆弱,自海岛地名普查以来,该区域海岛形态和岛体开发利用变化显著。文章基于2012—2019年共8期遥感影像,开展南流江口海岛形态和开发利用的遥感提取和变化检测,并逐年分析海岛变化情况。遥感监测结果表明：2012—2019年,南流江口10个海岛形态变化显著,面积减少约61.8%,2个海岛岛体新增开发利用变化;重点说明花轿铺、小砖窑岛和小平墩岛3个显著变化海岛的逐年变迁情况,并分析海岛变迁的主要原因,为海岛保护和管理提出若干建议。     

High-resolution records of the response of coastal wetland systems to long-term and short-term sea-level variability

While it is well known that coastal systems respond to long-term sea-level changes, the importance of short-term sea-level dynamics is often overlooked. Year-to-year variability in annual mean sea level along the North American Atlantic coast is part of a regionally consistent pattern that is coupled to low atmospheric pressure and high wind field anomalies persisting over 100s to 1000s of km. These short-term sea-level dynamics, along with long-term sea-level changes are shown to be closely coupled to a set of high resolution excess ²¹⁰Pb geochronologies from four physiographically distinct salt marsh estuaries surrounding Long Island, NY, USA. However, the degree to which a marsh responds to either forcing depends on its physiographic setting. Accretion and mineral deposition rates in marshes situated in embayments with long fetches and low-tidal ranges are shown to respond most to the short-term dynamically driven changes in sea level. On the other hand, accretion and mineral deposition in a marsh in an embayment with a high-tidal range and reduced fetch best track the long-term changes in mean sea level, presumably because the physiography limited the meteorological drivers of short-term sea-level change. The close coupling between marsh accretion, physiographic setting and indices of sea-level change indicates that these coastal system respond both differently and rapidly (2–5 yr) to climate variability.     

滑坡监测系统在北长山岛山后村山体滑坡监测中的应用

为有效地监测海岛山体滑坡,找到滑坡的诱发因素,以达到海岛地区防灾减灾的目的。本文以北长山岛为例,针对采石引起的滑坡,利用GPS、三维激光扫描、无人机遥感、位移传感器4种滑坡监测方法,联合建立了北长山岛山后村山体滑坡监测系统。通过对比分析这4种方法发现,在三维激光扫描点云数据密集的滑坡体中、下部选择三维激光扫描获取的滑坡体形态数据,在点云数据稀疏的滑坡体上部选择无人机遥测获取的滑坡体形态数据,精确获取了不同时期滑坡体的挖方量、滑移量;位移传感器获取的实时位移监测数据可得到滑坡体的实时滑移动态,发现在其监测数据突变时滑坡存在滑动的风险。研究还发现采石和降雨是引起山后村滑坡体滑移的两个最重要因素,采石导致滑坡体体积整体减小,降雨导致滑坡体上部拉张加速并引起碎石滑塌。由于监测区环境条件的限制,该系统只能进行滑坡体的表面变形监测。研究成果可为其他海岛滑坡的监测乃至预警提供借鉴和参考。     

海南西北部近岸海域浮游动物群落结构

为探讨海南西北部近岸海域浮游动物群落结构,根据2016年11月(秋季)、2017年2月(冬季)、2017年5月(春季)和2017年8月(夏季) 4个季节的浮游动物调查数据,对该海域浮游动物的种类组成、优势种及其生态类群、丰度和生物量进行了分析。结果表明:4个季节共鉴定浮游动物7门113属215种(含未定种),秋季最多(134种),冬季(113种)和春季(111种)较为接近,夏季(94种)最少,各季节均以桡足类和水螅水母类占优势。浮游动物种类的空间分布上,秋季和冬季整体呈现近岸和远岸较中间高,而春季和夏季由近岸到远岸呈逐渐增加的变化趋势。浮游动物种类随季节变动不大,但优势种更替较为明显,仅亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)和肥胖箭虫(Sagitta enflata)为4个季节共有优势种。优势种生态类群主要可分为暖温种、广温广盐种、近岸暖水种、热带暖水种及暖水广布种。浮游动物丰度均值秋季(124. 75 ind./m3)与冬季(152. 43ind./m3)相近,春季(64. 76 ind./m3)和夏季(74. 44 ind./m3)相近,春季、夏季的丰度均值要明显低于秋季、冬季,平面分布上秋季和冬季呈现近岸高远岸低,但不同的是水深在大于20 m以上的海域,冬季平均丰度要稍高于秋季,而春季和夏季呈现近岸低远岸高的变化特点。浮游动物生物量冬季(263. 68 mg/m3)最高,秋季(147. 38 mg/m3)次之,春季(59. 13 mg/m3)和夏季(61. 45 mg/m3)相近,平面分布上与丰度分布趋势相似。     

海南岛鹿回头水尾岭海滩岩中的微生物岩

在海南岛的海滩岩中首次发现了微生物岩,这是一种发育在珊瑚(碎屑和砾块)骨骼孔穴中,少量在珊瑚碎块表面的微生物碳酸盐沉积,这些微生物碳酸盐沉积呈叠层或包壳状生长,可黏结细小的生物碎屑,具有独特的发育模式。微生物碳酸盐沉积在南海的发现支持海滩岩的胶结物部分是源于微生物成因的假设,进而肯定了微生物在碳酸盐沉积中所起的重要作用。结合海滩岩组分中微钻孔的发育特征和微生物岩发育模式的描述,在一定程度上填补了我国南方海滩岩中发育微生物碳酸盐沉积物的研究空白。     

台湾以东副热带环流区大中型浮游桡足类的生态特征

根据1995~1997年期间在台湾岛以东副热带环流区进行4个季度月的综合调查资料,分析了该海域浮游桡足类的数量分布及其群落的生态特征,探讨其与环境因素的相关性.结果表明,本区大中型浮游桡足类呈低丰度(4个季度平均为6.75个/m3)、低优势度(Y<0.131)以及季节变化幅度小等特点.所记录的206种浮游桡足类中,5种生态类群共存.不同性质水系在测区间的动态制约着不同生态类群的配比,但丝毫左右不了热带大洋广布类群的主导地位.     

Influence of disturbance and nutrient enrichment on early successional fouling communities in an oligotrophic marine system

Disturbance and productivity are often cited as the main factors determining temporal and spatial patterns in species distribution and the diversity of communities. A field experiment was conducted to test the role of these factors in the structuring of early successional fouling communities in a nutrient limited system at the south coast of Madeira Island. Macro‐benthic sessile communities, established on artificial settlement substrata, were manipulated and surveyed over a 9‐week period. We applied mechanical disturbances of four different frequencies crossed with three levels of inorganic nutrient enrichment. Fertilization enhanced community diversity by favouring the establishment and growth of macroalgae. Disturbance reduced diversity by eliminating species – but only at the highest nutrient level. This is explained by a multiple‐stressor model; species most sensitive to nutrient deficiency (only present in the highest enrichment treatment) were simultaneously the most sensitive to disturbance.     

Flow separation and vertical motions in a tidal flow interacting with a shallow-water island

This paper reports on the case study of Rattray Island (Great Barrier Reef, northeast Australia), lying perpendicular to tidal flow in shallow waters. At ebb and flood, attached (stable) eddies develop in the wake where swirls of turbidity suggest that sediment-laden waters are brought to the surface as a result of vertical transport. Both eddy and tip upwellings are encountered in the tidal flow around Rattray Island but there is currently no clear-cut answer as to which secondary flow generates upwelling with the largest intensity. This paper addresses this specific issue through idealized and realistic high-resolution numerical experiments. The analysis is supported by physical arguments based on the theory of flow separation. Given Rattray's geometry and surrounding bathymetry, the mechanism of flow separation in shallow waters helps explain the asymmetry in size of the eddies and their intensity. The results of idealized numerical experiments also suggest that eddy and tip upwellings may be of similar intensity at Rattray Island.