Late Quaternary deformation on the island on Pantelleria: New constraints for the recent tectonic evolution of the Sicily Channel Rift (southern Italy)

Structural observations carried out on the volcanic Island of Pantelleria show that the tectonic setting is dominated by NNE trending normal faults and by NW-striking right-lateral strike-slip faults with normal component of motion controlled by a ≈N 100°E oriented extension. This mode of deformation also controls the development of the eruptive fissures, dykes and eruptive centres along NNE–SSW belts that may thus represent the surface response to crustal cracking with associated magma intrusions. Magmatic intrusions are also responsible for the impressive vertical deformations that affect during the Late Quaternary the south-eastern segment of the island and producing a large dome within the Pantelleria caldera complex. The results of the structural analysis carried out on the Island of Pantelleria also improves the general knowledge on the Late Quaternary tectonics of the entire Sicily Channel. ESE–WNW directed extension, responsible for both the tectonic and volcano-tectonic features of the Pantelleria Island, also characterizes, at a greater scale, the entire channel as shown by available geodetic and seismological data. This mode of extension reactivates the older NW–SE trending fault segments bounding the tectonic troughs of the Channel as right-lateral strike-slip faults and produces new NNE trending pure extensional features (normal faulting and cracking) that preferentially develop at the tip of the major strike-slip fault zones. We thus relate the Late Quaternary volcanism of the Pelagian Block magmatism to dilatational strain on the NNE-striking extensional features that develop on the pre-existing stretched area and propagate throughout the entire continental crust linking the already up-welled mantle with the surface.     

Response of the Changjiang diluted water around Jeju Island to external forcings: A modeling study of 2002 and 2006

The Changjiang diluted water (CDW) around Jeju Island between 2002 and 2006 in response to external forcings, such as wind, tidal forcing and low river discharge, is studied using a three-dimensional model. The model results suggest that wind largely determines spatial differences of CDW and the freshwater export toward Jeju Island between two years. In 2006, when northwestward wind blows during mid June to mid August, the wind-induced Ekman flow causes a broad northeastward extension of CDW and carries a significant amount of freshwater northeastward Jeju Island in August. On the other hand, in 2002 northward wind during mid July to early August drives the CDW to the southwest of Jeju Island, and thereafter the CDW is mainly advected northeastward along the Cheju Current during mid August when the wind becomes weak. Therefore, the amount of freshwater around Jeju Island increases in September, not in August. The response to tidal forcing shows that tide-induced vertical mixing tends to enhance a meander of CDW around Changjiang Bank and shift the CDW flowing into the Yellow Sea southeastward toward Jeju Island. As a result, the amount of freshwater toward Jeju Island becomes larger than that in no-tides case. The summer low river discharge as a flood control scenario has little influence on the spatial behavior of CDW around Jeju Island although the discharge contributes to the amount of freshwater around Jeju Island.     

Development and setting of the Alcudia Bay beach–dune system (Mallorca, Spain)

The beach–dune system of Alcudia Bay is located in the north of the island of Mallorca. The system includes both simple and compound parabolic dunes formed by N to NNE winds and is made up of two dune areas with different dynamics: 1) the northern area, where, despite the fact that the source of beach sediment is from the south, dunes are formed by northerly winds and develop a narrow and linear barrier which separates a marsh from the bay; and 2) the southern area, where complex parabolic dunes formed by north-northeasterly winds, prograde south-southwest landward extending several kilometers inland. The broad pattern of the dunefield size is limited to the southeast by a mountain range and to the west by the effects of a topographic corridor, oriented north–south, which channels the prevailing northerly wind, causing a southward dune progression and limiting the westward extension of the dunefield.     

海南岛海岸沙丘岩的特征、成因及其环境意义

对海南岛海岸沙丘岩的沉积结构与构造进行了实地调查和实验分析。研究表明,海岸沙丘岩的沉积构造和结构特征有别于其他海岸沉积类型,既有风成特征,也有成岩作用特征。海岸沙丘岩的形成需要具备物源、气候和水分3个条件,并经历初始沉积物堆积、初步胶结和溶解—沉淀3个形成阶段。海岸沙丘岩具有一定的环境指示意义,即海岸沙丘岩形成于冰后期的相对高海面时期,能指示风力较弱、沙丘固定和湿热的气候条件。近1 000多年来,研究区的季风风向与现代盛行风风向基本一致。     

海南岛西部土地利用变化及其景观格局动态分析

利用1986年、1996年和2003年的3期TM数据,在GIS和FRAGSTAT景观格局分析软件支持下,定量地分析海南岛西部的土地利用类型变化及其景观格局动态特征。结果表明：17 a来各种土地类型变化及其相互之间的转化频率十分频繁。没有发生变化的林地占76.88％、耕地占60.38％、建设用地占52.11％、沙地、水体和草地分别仅占32.64％、28.72％和2.7％。岛西各种土地利用类型的空间格局变化显著,景观异质性增强,破碎度降低而连通性增加。近10多年来,岛西土地利用变化及景观格局动态主要是受自然条件和人为活动干扰共同作用的结果。     

Diamictic sediments within high Arctic lake sediment cores: evidence for lake ice rafting along the lateral glacial margin

Sediment cores from six small lake basins in the Canadian high Arctic reveal a gravel‐rich (≤30% by weight) to gravel‐poor (≥2%) diamict facies underlying massive, post‐glacial, clayey silt. Ten other lakes contain a second diamict facies within what are interpreted to be glaciolacustrine sedimentary assemblages. The sedimentology, clast fabrics and fossil remains (diatoms, ostracodes and chironomid head capsules) within both diamict facies suggest that these deposits are not tills. Clast fabrics yielded low S₁ (0·41–0·57) and high S₃ (0·09–0·22) eigenvalues, placing them within the range of ice‐rafted diamictons and glacigenic sediment flows. The high percentage of clast dip angles >45° (15–61%), random clast azimuth and lower diamict contacts conformable to underlying current‐bedded sediment favours an origin as a rain‐out or settling deposit. Samples of the matrix and scrapings of clasts from the diamicts revealed a diatom assemblage dominated by littoral and planktonic forms, such as are found in the littoral regions of the lakes today. This contrasts sharply with the assemblages within the overlying clayey silt, in which benthic forms predominate. Clasts are thus interpreted to have been rafted from the littoral areas of the lake. The process proposed to explain this is rafting by the lake ice cover in a glacial‐marginal environment. Early season meltwater, impounded along the lateral margin of retreating cold‐based glaciers, would buoyantly lift the lake ice cover and any adfrozen lake sediment. Higher lake levels and increased areal extent of seasonal freeze‐on between the lake ice cover and the lake bed would allow the redeposition of littoral sediments to the benthic regions through greater lateral shifting of the ice cover as it broke up. Incision by meltwater streams into the lateral glacial margins would later isolate the lake, allowing seasonal warming of lake water, enough to support the growth and maturation of the ostracode and chironomid species found as fossils within the diamicts.     

辽西地区中元古代变质岩系的初步研究

辽西地区中元古代变质表壳岩包括石英岩、千枚岩-片岩、大理岩及细粒长英质片麻岩和少量阳起石片岩,为中酸性火山活动及钙碱性玄武岩活动之后的海进型沉积旋回,显示出一套较为连续的火山-沉积系列。变质深成岩以斜长花岗质片麻岩为主体。根据同位素测年、微古植物化石分析及与地层的接触关系等,厘定它们为中元古代产物。在中元古代该区经历了大陆边缘岛弧的形成、发展过程。     

西南极利文斯顿岛晚三叠世遗迹化石及其环境意义

西南极利文斯顿岛晚三叠世迈尔斯陡崖组形成于海底浊积扇中扇的上、下部分,发育着许多海相遗迹化石.在采集到的样品中鉴定共有15个遗迹属、16个遗迹种,其中有10个可以鉴定到遗迹种、两个比较种,4个只鉴定到遗迹属,未鉴定到遗迹种;并建立了1个新遗迹属及新遗迹种是文献中从未发现的.除新遗迹属种外,其余14个遗迹属,15个遗迹种都曾经在深海相浊积岩内发现过,Belorhaphe、Glockerichnus、Lophoctenium、Rhabdoglyphus、Paleodictyon、Sublorenzinia、Spirophycus、Strobilorhaphe、Tuberculichnus、Cochlichnus等属于浊流前产生在深海相泥岩内的高度分异的雕画迹(Graphoglyptida),它们产于泥岩却保存为上覆砂岩底面的铸型凸起.Fucusopsis和Neonereites却产生在砂岩内代表浊流后形成的沉积后遗迹组合.这些遗迹化石属深水的Nereites遗迹相,为研究区的沉积环境增添了可靠依据.     

Indian Monsoon Signals Reflected by the Ratio of Cl- to Na+ in Dasuopu Ice Core From Xixiabangma, Himalayas

INDIAN MONSOON SIGNALS REFLECTED BY THE RATIO OF Cl~- TO Na~ IN DASUOPU ICE CORE FROM XIXIABANGMA,HIMALAYAStheChineseNationalBasicResearchProgramme (GrantG19980 4 0 80 0 )andChineseNationalScienceFoun dation (NSFgrant 4 980 10 0 4 )     

海南岛海水鱼类单殖吸虫研究Ⅳ.海盘虫属两新种

对1996年4月采自海南岛万宁之美蝴蝶鱼 Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup 鳃上的海盘虫进行鉴定,发现两新种:(1)海南海盘虫,新种 Haliotrema hainanensis Pan & Zhang,sp.nov.,以其腹中央大钩和支持器结构的不同而区别于 H.annulocirrus Yamaguti,1968;(2)单孔海盘虫,新种 Haliotrema monoporosum Pan & Zhang,sp.nov.,以其腹联结片的结构和交接管长度的差异而不同于 H.canescens Yamaguti,1968.