宏观尺度下基岩海岸岸线分形机制研究--以中国基岩海岸为例

在跟踪国际、国内海岸线分形研究进展的基础上,以中国基岩海岸为例,对宏观尺度下构造对基岩海岸岸线走向、形状与分维大小的影响进行了研究,基本结论为：在宏观尺度下,构造在总体上控制着福建与台湾基岩海岸岸线的基本走向与分维大小,构造分维相对较大则其对该区域海岸线的控制作用相对较强,而区域海岸线分维相对较小;当构造分维相对较小则其对该区域海岸线的控制作用相对较弱,而区域海岸线分维相对较大。     

The Montecristo monzogranite (Northern Tyrrhenian Sea,Italy): a collisional pluton in an extensional setting

The Montecristo monzogranite (MM) is a near-circular peraluminous monzogranite pluton occupying the entire 10 km² of Montecristo Island. Outcrops of country rock are scarce, and are mainly roof pendants of metagabbros and calcsilicate hornfels of the Apenninic ophiolite sequence. Emplacement of the pluton (Rb–Sr age=7·1±0·2 Ma), following the early Miocene onset of continental collision, occurred during an extensional phase which migrated eastward via a combined process of subduction–delamination. The MM rocks are strongly porphyritic, the assemblage being composed of alkali-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase (all occurring as mega- or phenocrysts), biotite and minor cordierite. Accessory minerals include tourmaline, apatite, zircon, ilmenite, allanite, monazite, rutile and hellandite. Reconstructed crystallization histories for the mineral phases reveal a polybaric crystallization starting at about 5 kb. Textural variations of MM occur in sharp contact with each other; darker types often form globular masses containing fewer megacrysts and more abundant mafic microgranular enclaves. Geochemical, isotopic and petrographic data indicate that the MM magma was produced by anatectic melting of an intermediate to deep pelitic crustal source. On the basis of the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the enclaves, modification of their parent magma occurred by crystal fractionation coupled with mixing and mingling of components from the MM magma. The limited geochemical variation in MM is interpreted as due to crystal fractionation processes during the magma's ascent. Younger porphyritic dykes with more potassic and alkaline affinities cut the pluton; these dykes are concentrated in a major fracture zone and are associated with contemporaneous pseudotachylites. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High-latitude dust deposition in snow on the glaciers of James Ross Island,Antarctica

High-latitude dust (HLD) depositions on four glaciers of James Ross Island (the Ulu Peninsula) were analysed. The deposition rate on the selected glaciers varies from 11.8 to 64.0 g m⁻², which is one order of magnitude higher compared to the glaciers in Antarctica or elsewhere in the world. A strong negative relationship between the sediment amount and altitude of a sampling site was found. This is most likely caused by the higher availability of aeolian material in the atmospheric boundary layer. General southerly and south-westerly wind directions over the Ulu Peninsula – with exceptions based on local terrain configuration – help to explain the significantly lower level of sediment deposition on San Jose Glacier and the high level on Triangular Glacier. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrophotometry was used to estimate the relative proportions of the main and trace (lithophile) elements in the sediment samples. Both the sediment amount and the XRF results are analysed in a depth profile at each locality and compared among the glaciers, suggesting long-range transport of fine mineral material from outside James Ross Island. The distribution of aeolian sediment among the glaciers corresponds well with the prevailing wind direction on the Ulu Peninsula. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experiments on Exploration of Shallow Fine Structures and the Construction of the 1-D Velocity Model in the Pingtan Island, Fujian

112 short-period seismographs were set up in the 400km² area of Pingtan Island and its surrounding areas in Fujian. The combined observations of the airgun source and ambient noise source were carried out using a dense array to receive the 387 airgun signals excited around the island and one month of continuous ambient noise recording. The 1-D P-wave and S-wave shallow velocity model of Pingtan Island is obtained by the inversion of the airgun body wave''s first arrival time data, and the reliability of the velocity model is verified by using the surface wave phase velocity dispersion curve, which can provide initial model for subsequent 3-D imaging. The experimental results show that this experiment is a successful demonstration of local scale green non-destructive detection, which can provide basic data for shallow surface structure research and strong vibration simulation of the Pingtan Island.     

南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛几个地层划分命名问题之商榷

本文对菲尔德斯半岛群的划分提出了一个新的方案 ,时代从晚白垩世一直延续到中新世早期 ;新建立的半三角组系湖相沉积 ,孢粉及同位素年龄数据 (71 .3 +0 .3 Ma)均指示属晚白垩世后期 ,是目前所知菲尔德斯半岛出露最早的岩层 ,也是南极仅知的晚白垩世陆相沉积地层 ;据岩层区域分布、岩相及含古生物组分的差别 ,始新统化石山组可进而划分为上、下两部分 ,层型剖面仅代表该组下部地层 ,上部在别林斯高晋站油库附近出露较好 ;文中命名“苏菲尔角火山岩”以表示菲尔德斯半岛更新时代的火山活动 ,但尚需深入研究。     

物联网在海洋相关领域研究与应用进展

随着科学技术的发展,物联网正成为海洋领域的前沿研究内容之一。在海洋观测领域,利用物联网构建海洋环境立体观测体系,对于研究全球气候变化、海上态势感知、海洋灾害预报等具有重大意义;在海岛生态监测领域,利用海岛生态物联网系统可以实现海岛生态的长期实时监测;在海洋牧场监测领域,利用物联网可以实现海洋牧场的环境、生物等要素的实时监测;在智能船舶领域,利用物联网可以实现船舶自身、港口、物流的信息自动感知。文章探讨了物联网在上述4个领域的研究与应用进展,以期进一步促进物联网在我国海洋信息化中的应用与发展。     

我国无居民海岛管理现状、问题及建议

无居民海岛是我国自然资源的重要组成部分。为加快推进生态文明建设,党和国家对我国自然资源的管理提出了新的要求。文章采用问题和目标导向的研究方法,通过对我国无居民海岛管理的历史遗留问题、管理能力、管理体系和信息化建设等方面进行分析,提出了分类处置历史遗留用岛,优化精细化分类管理体系、完善海岛管理制度体系、完善海岛数据更新体系等建议,对提升我国无居民海岛管理水平,实施海洋强国战略具有重要的意义。     

近20 a来海南岛西部土地沙漠化与气候变化关联度研究

 根据生态基准面理论制定了海南岛西部沙漠化土地分级体系,运用遥感、野外调查和数理统计等方法,研究了海南岛西部近20 a来沙漠化时空变化及其与气候变化的关系。近20 a来,海南岛西部土地沙漠化总体缩小、局部反复,年均缩小6.23 km2,沙漠化程度明显降低,降级率为、{-44.84％、};气候呈增温增湿变化,出现多次异常年份。对近20 a来气候变化与沙漠化的因子分析和关联度分析表明, 人为活动的强度加大是海南岛西部沙漠化的主导作用,气候因子与沙漠化的关联序为:年均湿度>年均气温>大风日数>年均风速>年均降水>蒸发量,增温增湿的气候变化趋势对沙漠化逆转具有促进作用。     

Horizontal water trap for measurement of aeolian sand transport

A new type of horizontal trap was developed for measuring the aeolian sand transport rate on a flat surface. The trap consists of an adjustable frame that is embedded level with the sand surface, into which a plastic liner is installed and filled with water to capture the blown sand. The water trap has high efficiency and does not disturb the wind field or induce upwind scour. Deployment on Padre Island, Texas, indicated that this portable and adjustable trap catches and retains all the sand blown into it, even under relatively strong wind. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南极乔治王岛阿德默勒尔蒂湾火山活动时空演化

在乔治王岛中部的阿德默勒尔蒂湾 ,凯勒半岛、于尔曼山嘴和埃内坎角是第三纪火山岩集中分布区。野外地质调查和同位素年代学研究表明 ,凯勒半岛发生了三期火山喷发 (三个火山喷发旋回 ) ,同时伴随着火山活动中心的不断北移 ;在第二期火山喷发之后 ,火口塌陷 ,形成破火山 ,之后在半岛北部又发生火山喷发 ,并向东迁移到于尔曼山嘴。因此凯勒半岛是一复活破火山 ,火山活动具有随时间迁移的特性。埃内坎角火山活动虽与上述两地区大致同时 ,但化学成分上不存在明显演化关系 ,应属另一相对独立的火山活动中心