Distributions of phospholipid and glycolipid fatty acids in two strains of different functional Erythrobacter sp. isolated from South China Sea

The comparison of the fatty acids between aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) and their phylogenetic relatives has been a fascinating but yet enigmatic topic, enhancing our understanding of physiological variations between these evolutionarily related microorganisms. Two strains of marine bacteria, both phylogenetically falling into Erythrobacter sp., were isolated from the South China Sea, and demonstrated, respectively, to be an aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) (JL475) which is capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis via BChl a, and an obligate heterotroph (JL316) with a lack of BChl a, on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and pure culture cultivation. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and glycolipid fatty acids (GLFA) of the two strains were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The PLFA in JL475 AAPB are characterized by C_18:1 C_18:2ω7,13 and C_18:1, with the C_18:2ω7,13 being a specific compound for AAPB and in particular for Erythrobacter longus and some of its phylogenetically closely related relatives. The JL316 strain is characterized in PLFA by the presence of C_18:1, C_16:1 and C_16:0, and in particular C_17:1. GLFA do not show any discrimination between the two strains. Four α,ω-dicarboxylic acids, including 1,8-octanedioic acid, 1,9-nonanedioic acid, 1,10-decanedioic acid and 1,11-undecanedioic acid, are present only in JL316 GLFA, presumably derived from metabolic products. C₁₄-C₁₆ 2-hydroxy fatty acids were found in the two strains, probably assuming a similar function of their LPS in outer membranes.     

示波计时电位法测定矿石中的镓和铟

在ｐＨ５．０的茜素Ｓ－ＫＣ１－ＨＡｃＮａＡｃ－Ｌａ＾３＋溶液中,Ｇａ（Ⅲ）、Ｉｎ（Ⅲ）具有良好的示波图,其切口电位为－１．３８Ｖ和－０．８６Ｖ（ｕｓ．ＳＣＥ）。可分别进行测定。镓的质量浓度在１００～１８００ｕｇ／Ｌ内、铟的质量浓度在５～１４０ｕｇ／Ｌ内与切口高度呈良好的线性关系,检出限Ｇａ为９０ｕｇ／Ｌ及Ｉn为５ｕｇ／ Ｌ。通过萃取与干扰元素分离之后,对闪锌矿、锡石样品中的镓、铟测定,８次测定的ＲＳ     

Multi-Phase Chemistry of C<Subscript>2</Subscript> and C<Subscript>3</Subscript> Organic Compounds in the Marine Atmosphere

A box model is used to explore the detailed chemistry of C₂ and C₃ organic compounds in the marine troposphere by tracing the individual reaction paths resulting from the oxidation of ethane, ethene, acetylene, propane, propene and acetic acid. The mechanisms include chemical reactions in the gas phase and in the aqueous phase of clouds and aerosol particles at cloud level under conditions resembling those in the northern hemisphere. Organic hydroperoxides are found to be important intermediate products, with subsequent reactions leading partly to the formation of mixed hydroxy or carbonyl hydroperoxides that are readily absorbed into cloud water, where they contribute significantly to the formation of multifunctional organic compounds and organic acids. Organic hydroperoxides add little to the oxidation of sulfur dioxide dissolved in the aqueous phase, which is dominated by H₂O₂. Next to acetaldehyde and acetone, glycol aldehyde, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal and hydroxy propanone are prominent oxidation products in the gas and the aqueous phase. Acetaldehyde is not efficiently converted to acetic acid in clouds; the major local sources of acetic acid are gas-phase reactions. Other acids produced include hydroperoxy acetic, glycolic, glyoxylic, oxalic, pyruvic, and lactic acid. The mechanism of Schuchmann et al. (1985), which derives glycolic and glyoxylic acid from the oxidation of acetate, is found unimportant in the marine atmosphere. The principal precursors of glyoxylic acid are glyoxal and glycolic acid. The former derives mainly from acetylene and ethene, the latter from glycolaldehyde, also an oxidation product of ethene. The oxidation of glyoxylic acid leads to oxalic acid, which accumulates and is predicted to reach steady state concentrations in the range 30–90 ng m⁻³. This is greater, yet of the same magnitude, than the concentrations observed over the remote Pacific Ocean.     

Alkyl nitrates and bifunctional nitrates of atmospheric interest: Henry's law constants and their temperature dependencies

Henry's law coefficients of 15 alkyl nitrates, keto-, hydroxy-, and dinitrates of atmospheric interest have been measured, mostly over the temperature range 1–25°C. The compounds are stable in aqueous solution. Where literature data were available, Henry's law coefficients are in very good agreement. It is concluded that dissolution in cloud and rain water is not an important loss process for alkyl mononitrates in the atmosphere. The residence times of the more soluble bifunctional organic nitrates, however, are significantly affected or even controlled by washout and rainout. Gas chromatographic analysis of bifunctional nitrates in preconcentrated atmospheric samples may be adversely affected by the adsorptive properties of these compounds.     

固城湖沉积物中羟基酸和α,ω—二元酸的组成分布及其地球化学意义

对固城湖沉积物中呈不同赋存状态的羟基酸和α,ω－二元酸进行了分析,结果表明,在相对含量上,游离类脂组分中的羟基酸和二元酸低于呈结合态和强结合态存在的对应羟基酸和二元酸,指示了类脂质。尤其是基极性组分在早期成岩作用过程中的稳定性较差。由游离类脂→结合态类脂→强结合太类脂,其中β－羟基酸的业源渐趋于单一化,其生源指示意义更加明确。在固城湖沉积剖面１２．２８ｍ之上和之下,沉积物中的强结合态β－羟在酸的分     

褐藻胶寡糖体外清除自由基活性的研究

采用化学发光法和大肠杆菌法研究了褐藻胶寡糖A1,A2和A3对O2.-,.OH和次氯酸3种自由基的清除作用。结果表明:褐藻胶寡糖A1,A2和A3对3种自由基均有较好的清除作用,而且清除活性随糖浓度的增加而加强。在O2.-体系中,褐藻胶寡糖A1清除效果要好于Vc,IC50为8μg/mL,A2和A3的IC50分别为18μg/mL和0.14mg/mL。在.OH体系中,寡糖A1和A2对.OH的清除效果比寡糖A3显著,IC50分别为0.01mg/mL,0.03mg/mL和0.23mg/mL。在清除次氯酸自由基体系中,大肠杆菌存活率达50%时寡糖的浓度分别为0.8mg/mL,1.3mg/mL和1.7mg/mL。实验表明褐藻胶寡糖A1(MW<1 000)在3种体系中均有很好的清除作用,分子量大小对褐藻胶清除自由基的活性有显著影响。     

低聚合羟基铁离子-蒙脱石复合体吸附磷和氟的实验研究

将提纯的钙蒙脱石与羟基铁离子溶液作用，制备了低聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体。在实际土壤的酸度(pH=4～8)和温度(t=34～50℃)条件下，进行了低聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体吸附P和F的实验，探讨了复合体的P和F吸附能力与pH值、温度、吸附时间、P和F的初始浓度、离子强度间的关系，并与蒙脱石和含水氧化铁的P和F吸附行为进行了对比。研究表明，在实验条件下，低聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体对磷具有明显的亲合力，对氟的亲合力较低，只略高于蒙脱石原样。低聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体对P和F的吸附，特别是对磷的吸附行为对该元素在土壤中的迁移过程有重要影响，成果对土壤学和环境学研究有参考价值。