基于Brown-Forsythe检验的水文序列变异点识别

当前在水文序列变异点识别中常采用的几种统计方法都对数据有较多假设,当假设不满足时,识别结果通常并不理想。本文根据统计学方差分析的原理,建立了基于Brown-For-sythe检验的水文序列变异点识别方法,并采用该方法对新疆开都河大山口站近50年年平均径流序列进行了变异点识别。研究结果表明,该识别方法继承了Brown-Forsythe检验的优点,对数据不做过多假设,且易于进行多变异点识别,在一定程度上具有比当前所用统计方法更优越的性能。     

试论斑岩铀矿成矿系列

本为作多年来在火山岩型铀矿领域的工作总结。章详细论述了斑岩铀矿成矿系列的特征，认为大部分火山岩型铀矿床的形成与火山活动晚期、最晚阶段的岩有着密切的关系。这些斑岩主要是花岗斑岩、霏细斑岩、石英斑岩。     

A natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system in the Qilian Mountain permafrost area,northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Natural gas hydrate, oil and gas were all found together in the Qilian Mountain permafrost area, northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. They are closely associated with each other in space, but whether they are in any genetic relations are unknown yet. In this paper, a hydrocarbon gas-generation series, gas-fluid migration series and hydrocarbon gas-accumulation series are analyzed to probe the spatial, temporal and genetic relationships among natural natural gas hydrate, oil and gas. The subsequent results show that natural gas hydrate, oil and gas actually form a natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system. Based on the Middle Jurassic and the Upper Triassic hydrocarbon gas-generation series, it is divided into four major sub-systems in the study area: (1) A conventional Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system with peak hydrocarbon gas-generation in the late Middle Jurassic; (2) a conventional Middle Jurassic oil-bearing sub-system with low to mature hydrocarbon gas-generation in the late Middle Jurassic; (3) a natural gas hydrate sub-system with main gas source from the Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system and minor gas source from the Middle Jurassic oil-bearing sub-system as well as little gas source from the Middle Jurassic coal-bed gas and the microbial gas; (4) a shallower gas sub-system with microbial alteration of the main gas source from the Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system. This natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system and its sub-systems are not only theoretical but also practical, and thus they will play an important role in the further exploration of natural gas hydrate, oil and gas, even other energy resources in the study area.     

基于电子地图和Dijkstra算法路径规划的实现

随着城市化水平的提高,人们在道路选择问题上可能需要考虑的并非仅仅是"空间距离"的最短,还有"时间最短",本文应用Dijkstra算法解决城市中出行交通道路选择的问题,对距离最短和时间最短路径分别进行讨论,用VB语言实现算法,并且在电子地图上绘制出所求出的路径,以便人们更直接地观看到结果,基本上解决了道路选择问题。     

Development and utilization of a national web-based chronology of hydrological events/Développement et utilisation sur internet d’une chronologie nationale d’événements hydrologiques

Abstract

Abstract The Chronology of British Hydrological Events (CBHE) has been created as an on-line information resource (http://www.dundee.ac.uk/geography/cbhe/) in order to enhance access to and use of historical facts pertaining to British hydrological phenomena. Its scope covers floods, droughts and all other notable historical phenomena of hydrological interest. This paper sets out the technical means by which the CBHE has been created, explains the benefits to hydrologists in creating such a facility, and illustrates its utility with a number of examples. Benefits include hydrological risk assessments, historical studies of individual events and objectives in environmental education. The scope for establishing comparable national chronologies for other countries is identified, along with prospects for enhancing the utility of such systems with additional functionality such as links to on-line gazetteers and maps.     

海斗深渊区十字放炮与POBS精确位置校正

TS03航次创新性地投放了 6台被动源海底地震仪(POBS)到马里亚纳海沟南部"海斗深渊区",实施了万米级水深的天然地震观测,通过十字放炮获得POBS的精确坐底位置是后续研究工作中至关重要的一环.本文首先对POBS的SEG-Y数据进行裁截误差修复,然后采用直达水波走时反演的方法得到这6个POBS的精确坐底位置,并进行精...     

Long‐term effects of revegetation on soil hydrological processes in vegetation‐stabilized desert ecosystems

Planting of sand‐binding vegetation in the Shapotou region on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert began in 1956. The revegetation programme successfully stabilized formerly mobile dunes in northern China, permitting the operation of the Baotou‐Lanzhou railway. Long‐term monitoring has shown that the revegetation programme produced various ecological changes, including the formation of biological soil crusts (BSCs). To gain insight into the role of BSCs in both past ecological change and current ecological evolution at the revegetation sites, we used field measurements and HYDRUS‐1D model simulations to investigate the effects of BSCs on soil hydrological processes at revegetated sites planted in 1956 and 1964 and at an unplanted mobile dune site. The results demonstrate that the formation of BSCs has altered patterns of soil water storage, increasing the moisture content near the surface (0–5 cm) while decreasing the moisture content in deeper layers (5–120 cm). Soil evaporation at BSC sites is elevated relative to unplanted sites during periods when canopy coverage is low. Rainfall infiltration was not affected by BSCs during the very dry period that was studied (30 April to 30 September 2005); during periods with higher rainfall intensity, differences in infiltration may be expected due to runoff at BSC sites. The simulated changes in soil moisture storage and hydrological processes are consistent with ongoing plant community succession at the revegetated sites, from deep‐rooted shrubs to more shallow‐rooted herbaceous species. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东秦岭火山岩的地球化学特征和成因模式

熊耳群为玄武粗安岩-英安流纹岩组合,大红口组为粗面岩组合,属B类的过渡型拉斑玄武岩浆系列,具以太华群为岩浆房的壳幔混染型成因;秦岭群和宽坪群为变拉斑玄武岩建造,属A类拉斑玄武岩浆系列,具幔源型成因;二郎坪群和丹凤群属细碧岩-石英角斑岩建造,C类石英角斑岩浆系列与A类拉斑玄武岩浆系列共存,具壳幔双层混合型成因。     

新余市1959-2005年降水多时间尺度特征

应用一维Morlet小波变换分析方法对新余市降水的多时间尺度进行分析,发现新余市降水除在整个时域中有明显的3—5a的周期变化外,其他尺度周期信号的强弱在时-频域中的分布具有很强的局部特征。但无论是较大时间尺度,还是较小时间尺度,新余市年降水、汛期降水均处于偏少期,且近期偏少趋势仍较明显;伏秋季降水则处于偏少末期,有向偏多转化的趋势。     

藏东南地区早白垩世的安第斯型弧火

首次在藏东南发现一套早白垩世的陆相火山岩, 称雅则火山岩, 全岩 Ｒｂ Ｓｒ 等时线年龄１０７４ Ｍａ。其主体是高钾的安山岩系, 以强亏损高场强元素、富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土、 Ｌａ／ Ｎｂ 比值 ＞ ２ 为特征, 属活动大陆边缘火山岩; 微量元素等指示它产出在安第斯型陆缘环境。其南延即滇西南的腾冲 铁窑山 大松坡消减型花岗岩带 （１００～１１２ Ｍａ）, 反映新特提斯洋在早白垩世有过一次重要的消减过程;晚白垩世的花岗岩具不同的岩石组合和成矿特征,记录了消减后的陆 弧碰撞事件。