三峡工程大江截流的水文技术

鉴于三峡工程大江截流水深大，流量大，工期紧，特别是截流过程中要考虑不断航因素，因此，在大江截流和二期围堰阶段的施工进程中，应充分考虑到各方面的因素，尽可能采取一切减少大江截流和二期围堰施工难度的手段和措施，其中水文测验，水文气象预报，河道观测，水文分析与计算和水力学计算等水文工作则是为顺利实施高质量大江截流的重要条件。     

Geothermal Regime of Meso-Cenozoic Basins and Their Tectonic Background in East China

ＧｅｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌＲｅｇｉｍｅｏｆＭｅｓｏ－ＣｅｎｏｚｏｉｃＢａｓｉｎｓａｎｄＴｈｅｉｒＴｅｃｔｏｎｉｃＢａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄｉｎＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａ＊ＺｈｕａｎｇＸｉｎｇｕｏＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＥａｒｔｈＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔ...     

多年冻土区路桥过渡段的一种新结构

The design of roadbed-abutment transition part is always a challenging problem in transportation engineering, especially in permafrost distribution zone. A new type of roadbed-abutment transition part on permafrost was presented, and long-term observation was conducted for the deformation and the thermal regime of a roadbed-abutment transition part in the constructing Qinghai-Tibet Railway. In this paper, a new structure was presented and the observed settlements both in the subgrade and the base and its dependency with the thermal regime (permafrost table) were analyzed. In conclusion the roadbed-a-butment transition method for permafrost distribution zone was evaluated.     

长白山天池火山地质学研究的若干进展与灾害分析

通过以减轻火山灾害为目的的天池火山锥体顶部地区地质填图工作，发现了天池火山锥体附近不同期次火山泥石流，部分火山泥石流显示的高温定位特征指示了其与千年大喷发的成因联系。这些火山泥石流构成了严重的火山泥石流灾害，天池火山锥体近顶部大型滑坡体的发现则指示了天池火山另一种重要的灾害类型。滑坡体堆积物结构上可分为3种类型。天池火山千年大喷发时不同成分与物性的岩浆混合作用十分发育，指示了天池火山喷发前不同岩浆批的混合与共喷发机理。本文还论述了天池火山近代历史记录喷发物的分布与鉴别特征。     

基于GIS/RS的流域水文过程分布式模拟——Ⅰ模型的原理与结构

面向流域水资源管理,提出了一个基于GIS/RS的流域分布式水文模型,模型主要包括单元水文模型与河网汇流模型两大部分。单元水文模型涉及到冠层截留、融雪、蒸散发、坡面流、非饱和土壤水运动和地下水出流等水文物理过程。产流计算考虑到地形坡度的影响采用基于地形指数的计算方法。汇流演算基于河网结构采用分段马斯京根方法。模型的大部分参数与输入信息可以利用GIS和RS技术获取,能够对气候变化和人类活动对下垫面的改变,做出快速的模拟与响应。     

干旱区内陆河流域水文与水资源问题

阐述了我国水文水资源研究的发展阶段,面临的主要问题,以及当前研究中的热点问题。以新疆地区为例,对干旱区内陆河流域的水文水资源研究方向作了初步探讨。     

Dynamics of an active rock glacier (Ötztal Alps, Austria)

The rock glacier Innere Ölgrube, located in a small side valley of the Kauner Valley (Ötztal Alps, Austria), consists of two separate, tongue-shaped rock glaciers lying next to each other. Investigations indicate that both rock glaciers contain a core of massive ice. During winter, the temperature at the base of the snow cover (BTS) is significantly lower at the active rock glacier than on permafrost-free ground adjacent to the rock glacier. Discharge is characterized by strong seasonal and diurnal variations, and is strongly controlled by the local weather conditions. Water temperature of the rock glacier springs remains constantly low, mostly below 1°C during the whole melt season. The morphology of the rock glaciers and the presence of meltwater lakes in their rooting zones as well as the high surface flow velocities of >1 m/yr point to a glacial origin. The northern rock glacier, which is bounded by lateral moraines, evolved from the debris-covered tongue of a small glacier of the Little Ice Age with its last highstand around A.D. 1850. Due to the global warming in the following decades, the upper parts of the steep and debris-free ice glacier melted, whereas the debris-covered glacier tongue transformed into an active rock glacier. Due to this evolution and due to the downslope movement, the northern rock glacier, although still active, at present is cut off from its ice and debris supply. The southern rock glacier has developed approximately during the same period from a debris-covered cirque glacier at the foot of the Wannetspitze massif.     

合理设计岩屑规程保证正常钻进条件——金刚石钻进技术专题之一

论述了正常钻进的条件，提出了合理岩屑规程是保证正常钻进的关键和设计钻头的主要依据之一，讨论了岩屑规程与金刚石钻头唇面工作状态、孔底表面粗糙度和岩屑粒度的关系，提出了相应的建议。     

Impact of land-cover and climate changes on runoff of the source regions of the Yellow River

After dividing the source regions of the Yellow River into 38 sub-basins, the paper made use of the SWAT model to simulate streamflow with validation and calibration of the observed yearly and monthly runoff data from the Tangnag hydrological station, and simulation results are satisfactory. Five land-cover scenario models and 24 sets of temperature and precipitation combinations were established to simulate annual runoff and runoff depth under different scenarios. The simulation shows that with the increasing of vegetation coverage annual runoff increases and evapotranspiration decreases in the basin. When temperature decreases by 2oC and precipitation increases by 20%, catchment runoff will increase by 39.69%, which is the largest situation among all scenarios.