高放废物地质处置库水文地质条件研究

本文综合国内外有关资料,简要介绍了高放废物地质处置库水文地质条件研究的内容和技术方法,并与常规水文地质勘察进行了比较。     

Mediating stream baseflow response to climate change: The role of basin storage

Inter‐basin differences in streamflow response to changes in regional hydroclimatology may reflect variations in storage characteristics that control the retention and release of water inputs. These aspects of storage could mediate a basin's sensitivity to climate change. The hypothesis that temporal trends in stream baseflow exhibit a more muted reaction to changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration for basins with greater storage was tested on the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) in Southern Ontario, Canada. Long‐term (>25 years) baseflow trends for 16 basins were compared to corresponding trends in precipitation amount and type and in potential evapotranspiration as well as shorter trends in groundwater levels for monitoring wells on the ORM. Inter‐basin differences in storage properties were characterized using physiographic, hydrogeologic, land use/land cover, and streamflow metrics. The latter included the slope of the basin's flow duration curve and basin dynamic storage. Most basins showed temporal increases in baseflow, consistent with limited evidence of increases and decreases in regional precipitation and snowfall: precipitation ratio, respectively, and recent increases in groundwater recharge along the crest of the ORM. Baseflow trend magnitude was uncorrelated to basin physiographic, hydrogeologic, land use/land cover, or flow duration curve characteristics. However, it was positively related to a basin's dynamic storage, particularly for basins with limited coverage of open water and wetlands. The dynamic storage approach assumes that a basin behaves as a first‐order dynamical system, and extensive open water and wetland areas in a basin may invalidate this assumption. Previous work suggested that smaller dynamic storage was linked to greater damping of temporal variations in water inputs and reduced interannual variability in streamflow regime. Storage and release of water inputs to a basin may assist in mediating baseflow response to temporal changes in regional hydroclimatology and may partly account for inter‐basin differences in that response. Such storage characteristics should be considered when forecasting the impacts of climate change on regional streamflow.     

Geochemistry of the Springfield Plateau aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in Arkansas,Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma,USA

Geochemical data indicate that the Springfield Plateau aquifer, a carbonate aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in central USA, has two distinct hydrochemical zones. Within each hydrochemical zone, water from springs is geochemically and isotopically different than water from wells. Geochemical data indicate that spring water generally interacts less with the surrounding rock and has a shorter residence time, probably as a result of flowing along discrete fractures and solution openings, than water from wells. Water type throughout most of the aquifer was calcium bicarbonate, indicating that carbonate‐rock dissolution is the primary geochemical process occurring in the aquifer. Concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate, dissolved oxygen and tritium indicate that most ground water in the aquifer recharged rapidly and is relatively young (less than 40 years). In general, field‐measured properties, concentrations of many chemical constituents, and calcite saturation indices were greater in samples from the northern part of the aquifer (hydrochemical zone A) than in samples from the southern part of the aquifer (hydrochemical zone B). Factors affecting differences in the geochemical composition of ground water between the two zones are difficult to identify, but could be related to differences in chert content and possibly primary porosity, solubility of the limestone, and amount and type of cementation between zone A than in zone B. In addition, specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, concentrations of many chemical constituents and calcite saturation indices were greater in samples from wells than in samples from springs in each hydrochemical zone. In contrast, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nitrite plus nitrate, and chloride generally were greater in samples from springs than in samples from wells. Water from springs generally flows rapidly through large conduits with minimum water–rock interactions. Water from wells flow through small fractures, which restrict flow and increase water–rock interactions. As a result, springs tend to be more susceptible to surface contamination than wells. The results of this study have important implications for the geochemical and hydrogeological processes of similar carbonate aquifers in other geographical locations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山东莱芜盆地碳酸盐岩热液溶蚀特征及水文地质意义

鲁中山区莱芜盆地在燕山期发生大规模岩浆侵入活动,岩浆岩体外围碳酸盐岩区分布有水源地、富水块段等岩溶发育富水区,且靠近岩体含水层多发生大理岩化。富含CO₂、H₂S等酸性成分的岩浆热液流体,能对碳酸盐岩产生明显的溶蚀作用。基于岩石样品化学组分分析、水文地质调查及数据统计分析、热液溶蚀地质点详细观测,构建热液溶蚀模式,对莱芜盆地及外围热液溶蚀特征及机理进行研究。结果表明:高温高压岩浆侵入使得接触带碳酸盐岩发生热液变质大理岩化;沿渗透性断裂、裂缝以及不整合面等运移的热液流体,对碳酸盐岩地层产生酸性热液溶蚀和混合溶蚀作用,形成不同规模溶蚀孔洞,构成地下水富集空间,为寻找城镇地下水后备水源地提供新方向。     

鸡爪沟金矿开采技术条件

鸡爪沟金矿区地下水以孔隙水和构造裂隙水为主,矿坑有水量不大,水文地质和工程地质条件简单,地貌地质条件不易发生地质灾害,环境地质条件较好为简单类型。     

松辽盆地北部姚家组沉积特征及铀成矿条件

从基础地质条件出发,全面分析了松辽盆地北部姚家组铀成矿条件,认为该组广泛发育河流、三角洲相带,为铀成矿流体提供了疏导通道和储存空间.环绕盆地西、北、东缘的3条富铀花岗岩山脉,是良好的铀源.受燕山运动和喜马拉雅运动的影响,在挤压应力体制下形成的构造剥蚀天窗附近,是铀富集的有利区域.盆地水文地质条件较好,具备渗入型自流水盆地特征.姚家组沉积时,主要为干旱、半干旱或温热的古气候环境,有利于地层中铀的预富集或同生沉积成矿.     

Groundwater potential zones using a combination of geospatial technology and geophysical approach: case study in Dehradun,India

ABSTRACT

A combination of geospatial, geophysical and statistical models using satellite data, the weighted index overlay (WIO) method and two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) is applied to generate the highest potential groundwater area and to further explore the groundwater in Dehradun, India. The results show that of 19.7 km² total basin area, 0.26% falls under the “poor” category as a prospect zone for groundwater, 4.3% is “moderate”, 10.10% “moderately good”, 4.9% “good” and 0.17% “very good”. In addition, the demonstration of the geophysical survey is presented, in which Purkal Youth Society Division (PYSD) site is categorized as a shallow aquifer zone and the Guru Nanak Fifth Centenary School (GNFCS) site is a deeper aquifer zone. Our study emphasizes remote sensing and geographic information system integrated with a geophysical survey to support prospecting the most probable area and confirm the existence of groundwater.     

郑庄区块煤层气赋存特征及控气地质因素

沁水盆地南部郑庄区块煤层气资源条件良好,勘探开发潜力大。通过对郑庄区块煤层气地质条件和储层条件的深入分析,认为本区煤层气赋存条件良好,含气量较高,储层吸附/解吸能力较好,但储层渗透率相对较低;郑庄区块煤层气藏主要受3类地质因素控制:构造对煤层气含量和赋存规律具有明显的控制作用;水文地质条件对煤层气具明显的水力封闭作用,该区地下水径流较弱,为典型的等势面扇状缓流型,有利于区块内煤层气的富集;燕山晚期岩浆活动和高异常地热场对煤层热演化和煤层气生成有显著的控制作用。      

安徽省公益性水工环地质工作需求分析

水工环地质是与国民经济和社会发展紧密结合并为它服务的一项工作,社会需求是水工环地质工作存在和发展的前提条件。由于种种原因,安徽省围绕社会需要开展的水工环地质工作前瞻性和战略性仍显不足,至今没有完全摆脱紧跟追随的被动局面。本文在总结安徽省水工环以往工作成果的基础上,分析了存在的问题,并结合经济社会发展的需求,对水工环地质工作的布署和发展方向提出建议。     

新生界松散含水层抽水试验止水方法的研究——以祁东煤矿南部采区水文地质探查工程为例

两淮煤田绝大部分是被厚数百米的新生界松散层掩盖,其中含有若干个含水层,为掌握这些含水层的富水性和水文地质特征,需要对含水层进行抽水试验.新生界松散含水层抽水试验止水方法有多种,通过对祁东煤矿南部采区水文地质探查工程SQ9孔新生界底部“四含”抽水试验止水方法的研究,提出了一种简便而有效的止水方法.