高峰100号矿体的氢、氧同位素特征

为了查明 10 0号矿体成矿溶液的性质 ,我们测定了样品中锡石和石英的氢、氧同位素组成 :δD石英 =- 11.8‰～ - 73.1‰ ,δ1 8O石英 =13.6‰～ 16 .2‰ ;δD锡石 =- 5 5 .8‰～ - 132 .3‰ ,δ1 8O锡石 =4.9‰～ 6 .6‰。综合分析相关的数据表明 ,10 0号矿体的成矿溶液是以岩浆水为主 ,加入了大气降水等其它混合水。     

氢氧同位素扩散动力学的实验研究

本文概述了氢氧同位素扩散交换动力学参数的两种研究方法 :1采用积分性质扩散方程的常规质谱分析方法 ;2采用微分性质扩散方程的离子探针分析方法。并对同位素交换实验设备、样品制备及实验技术等作了介绍。     

依兰-伊通断裂方正-萝北段氢气特征研究

为研究断裂与断层氢气间的关系，围绕依兰-伊通断裂方正-萝北段开展断层氢气浓度流动观测工作，得到该段断裂氢气浓度变化特征。结果表明:在时间尺度上，氢气浓度存在年变规律特征，主要受温度、湿度和微生物活动的影响，一年中夏季氢气浓度最高，春秋季最低；在空间尺度上，依兰-伊通断裂北段呈南低北高的分段性特征，氢气浓度高值地区对应地震活动较强的地区，低值地区对应地震活动较弱的地区，这与当前地震活动特征相符，说明断层氢气浓度与当前地震构造活动具有较好的耦合关系。     

Comparison of Ozone Fluxes over a Maize Field Measured with Gradient Methods and the Eddy Covariance Technique

Ozone(O_3) fluxes were measured over a maize field using the eddy covariance(EC) technique and gradient methods.The main objective was to evaluate the performance of the gradient methods for measuring the O_3 flux by comparing them with the EC O_3 flux.In this study,turbulent exchange coefficients(K) calculated with three methods were compared.These methods were the aerodynamic gradient(AG) method(in which K is calculated by using wind speed and temperature gradients),the aerodynamic gradient combined with EC(AGEC) method,in which the friction velocity and other variables are based on EC measurements,and the modified Bowen ratio using the EC sensible heat flux and temperature gradient(MBR) method.Meanwhile,the effects of the measurement and calculation methods of the O_3 concentration gradient were analyzed.The results showed that:(1) on average,the transfer coefficient computed by the MBR method was 40% lower,and the coefficient determined with the AG method was 25% higher,than that determined with the AGEC method.(2) The gradient method's O_3 fluxes with the MBR,AGEC,and AG methods were 30.4% lower,11.7% higher,and 45.6% higher than the EC O_3 flux,respectively.(3) The effect of asynchronous O_3 concentration measurements on the O_3 gradient must be eliminated when using one analyzer to cyclically measure two-level O_3 concentrations.The accuracy of gradient methods for O_3 flux is related to the exchange coefficient calculation method,and its precision mainly depends on the quality of the O_3 gradient.     

Concentration of Peroxides and Formaldehyde in Air and Rain and Gas-Rain Partitioning

Rain and air of Florence have been collected in a continuous way andanalysed by flow analysis spectrofluorimetric methods for formaldehydeand hydrogen peroxide. Diurnal and seasonal variations were observed;the mean/maximum concentrations of all data (as gm^–3) are 3.3/23.4 for HCHO and 0.4/4.93 forH₂O₂. The effect of external sources and ofphotochemical reactions produces periods of positive and negativecorrelations for these compounds. The mean/maximum rain concentration ofall data are 98/443 g l^–1 for HCHO and 84/685 g l^–1 for H₂O₂. Concentrationratios rain/air and discrepancies to Henry's Law equilibrium arediscussed.     

延边地区浅成低温热液-斑岩型金矿成矿系列的氢、氧同位素特征

延边地区浅成低温热液-斑岩型金成矿系列的氢、氧同位素研究表明,δ(18O)=-10×10-3～+5×10-3,δ(D)=-120×10-3～-40×10-3。小西南岔金(铜)矿床早期成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,成矿晚期有少量大气降水的加入,为典型的斑岩型金铜矿床;刺猬沟、五凤金矿床成矿流体主要以大气降水为主,水岩作用比值W/R=0.2～2,为浅成低温热液型矿床;闹枝金矿床的成矿流体是介于上述两种类型之间的过渡型。     

金刚石中晶格氢的UHF法计算分析

对金刚石中晶格氢进行了UHF法计算，结果表明，空穴吸引1～4个氢原子均可以稳定存在。空穴具有吸引较多氢原子在其周围的倾向，最多可以达到4个氢原子。当空穴吸引1个氢原子时，氢原子倾向于直接存在于碳晶格空穴中，不改变化学键的键长，即以顺磁性氢的状态存在时更为稳定。     

钻井现场有机地球化学录井与油气识别评价技术

在现场钻进过程中，尤其是在油基泥浆及各种添加剂烃类污染、地质录井难以确定真假油气显示的情况下，有机地球化学录井对确定油气显示有独特的作用。但由于其烃类污染对岩屑罐顶气、岩石冷溶烃、岩石热解等常规地球化学录井技术有不同程度的影响，其检测数据通过校正污染后才能用于含油气性评价。为此，在现场开展了钻井泥浆及各种添加剂中烃类有机地化检测试验，对泥浆中轻烃（C1－C12）、萃取烃（C1－C35）和岩石冷溶烃进行动态检测，研究其烃类组成及变化特征，对钻进中真假油气显示、油气层质量及产能大小、油气烃类母质类型、储油层确定等及时作出解释与评价，为油气勘探与开发快速提供地球化学依据。     

块石的热扩散系数和导热系数确定方法

采用块石路堤、护坡有利于冻土地区路基的稳定性.基于气温波动条件下块石内部的温度波动幅度按指数规律衰减, 介绍了块石的热扩散系数和导热系数测量方法.实验中, 采用封闭的块石试样筒, 通过顶板温度波动的控制来模拟气温的周期性变化, 整个试样筒用绝热性能良好的海棉包扎, 使其侧向、底板绝热. 对粒径为6～8 cm, 4～6 cm, 2～4 cm的3种块石试样进行了具体测量, 由曲线拟合所得的结果具有较好的一致性.分析显示粒径较小的块石其热扩散系数和导热系数也较小.     

Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopic Signatures of Large Atmospheric Ice Conglomerations

Specific studies about the stable isotope composition (¹⁸O/¹⁶O and D/H) of atmospheric icy conglomerations are still scarce. The present work offers, for the first time, a very detailed analysis of oxygen and hydrogen isotopic signatures of unusually large ice conglomerations, or “megacryometeors”, that fell to the ground in Spain during January 2000. The hydrochemical analysis is based on the bulk isotopic composition and systematic selective sampling (deuterium isotopic mapping) of eleven selected specimens. δ¹⁸O and δD (V-SMOW) of all samples fall into the Meteoric Water Line matching well with typical tropospheric values. The distribution of the samples on Craig's line suggests either a variation in condensation temperature and/or different residual fractions of water vapour (Rayleigh processes). Three of the largest megacryometeors exhibited unequivocally distinctive negative values (δ¹⁸O = −17.2%₀ and δD = −127 %₀ V-SMOW), (δ¹⁸O = −15.6%₀ and δD = −112%₀ V-SMOW) and (δ¹⁸O = −14.4%₀ and δD = −100%₀ V-SMOW), suggesting an atmospheric origin typical of the upper troposphere. Theoretical calculations indicate that the vertical trajectory of growth was lower than 3.2 km. During the period in which the fall of megacryometeors occurred, anomalous atmospheric conditions were observed to exist: a substantial lowering of the tropopause with a deep layer of saturated air below, ozone depression and strong wind shear. Moreover, these large ice conglomerations occurred during non-thunderstorm conditions, suggesting an alternative process of ice growth was responsible for their formation.