The structure of Galactic gas at high latitudes: The southern polar cap

We analyze the angular structure of the 21-cm interstellar neutral hydrogen emission at six and seven declinations in the northern (published previously) and southern polar caps of the Galaxy (Galactic latitudes from ?40° to ?90°), respectively, with an extent of 90° in right ascension. The RATAN-600 radio telescope has a beam width averaged over these regions of 2.′0×30′. One-dimensional power spectra for the angular distribution of interstellar neutral hydrogen emission were computed in each 6.3-km s^?1-wide spectral channel by using the standard Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) code and were smoothed over 1^h in right ascension. The Galactic latitude dependence of the mean parameters for the sky distribution of H I line emission at high latitudes was found to correspond to the distribution of gas in the form of a flat layer only in the northern region, while in the southern cap, the gas distribution is much less regular. In addition, the mean H I radial velocities are negative everywhere (?3.7±3.0 km s^?1 in the north and ?6.0±2.4 km s^?1 in the south). The power spectra of the angular fluctuations in the range of angular periods from 10′ to 6° appear as power laws. However, the spectral indices change greatly over the sky: from ?3 to ?1.2; on average, as the Galactic latitude increases and the H I column density decreases, the fluctuation spectrum of the interstellar gas emission becomes flatter. In the northern polar region, this behavior is much more pronounced, which probably stems from the fact that the gas column density in the south is generally a factor of 2 or 3 higher than that in the north. Therefore, the spectra are, on average, also steeper in the south, but the dependence on Galactic latitude is weaker. Using simulations, we show that the observed power-law spectrum of the H I emission distribution can be obtained in terms of not only a turbulent, but also a cloud model of interstellar gas if we use our previous spectra of the diameters and masses of H I clouds.     

阿克苏断层氢气浓度动态特征及其映震效能

首先对阿克苏断层氢气浓度观测资料的周期成分进行了时频分析,然后分别利用线性回归和互相关方法分析了气温、气压与氢气浓度年周期成分的关系,并利用Molchan图表法对阿克苏断层氢气的映震效能进行了定量检验。结果显示:① 阿克苏断层氢气浓度具有清晰的年周期和半日周期成分;② 阿克苏断层氢气浓度的年周期动态变化与气温具有显著的正相关性,与气压的相关性一般,表明其年周期变化主要受气温影响;③ 阿克苏断层氢气浓度异常对观测点周边中强以上地震的反应较灵敏,映震效果较好。      

黄河水氢、氧同位素组成的空间变化特征及其环境意义

2005年7月从黄河源头到渤海人海口沿黄河干流系统采集了24个水样,对水的氢氧同位素组成进行了分析.黄河水δD和δ18O值的变化范围分别为-91‰～-44‰和-12.4‰～-4.2‰,并且二者都表现出从上游到下游整体逐渐上升的趋势,但青海玛多样品除外.黄河水δ18O和δD的线性关系方程为δD=5.69×δ18O-15....     

蜀南纳溪-合地区嘉陵江组天然气地球化学特征及其气源

通过分析纳溪—合江地区嘉陵江组天然气组分,碳、氢同位素组成以及该区烃源岩发育特征,认为嘉陵江组天然气为混源气,主要为下二叠统栖霞组—茅口组碳酸盐岩烃源岩生成的油型干气,混有下二叠统梁山组和上二叠统龙潭组生成的煤成气,下志留统龙马溪组泥质源岩可能也有贡献.研究区嘉陵江组烷烃气的氢同位素组成较重.纳溪气田烷烃气具有正常的碳...     

Fractionation of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of gypsum hydration water and assessment of its geochemical indications

Fundamental knowledge of the isotopic fractionation between the hydration water and the mother solution and whether the primary information recorded in hydration water can be preserved or not in deposits or mines have long been unclear. In order to calculate the accurate hydrogen and oxygen isotopic fractionation factors between gypsum hydration water and its mother solution with new methods, to understand the mechanism of fractionation and synthetically assess the record-keeping abilities of the isotopic composition of hydration water during the process of diagenesis after deposition, experiments on the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of gypsum hydration water and its mother solution at different isothermal temperatures from 5 to 50°C were systematically conducted. In addition, samples from two typical gypsum deposits formed in different environmental conditions were also determined. Results show that during gypsum crystallisation, both hydrogen and oxygen isotopes show significant fractionation between the hydration water and the mother solution. The calculated hydrogen isotopic fractionation factors are <1, while the oxygen isotopic fractionation factors are >1 at temperatures from 5 to 50°C. The fractionation factors show no functional relationships with temperature. Isotopic compositions of gypsum hydration water in arid lake sediments can be used to trace the source of water and primary deposit environmental information. However, the isotopic composition of the gypsum hydration water can easily be altered by dissolution and secondary precipitation of gypsum during later diagenesis, particularly in areas with humid climate and abundant groundwater. A very careful assessment on record-keeping abilities of the primary isotopic composition of hydration water in gypsum during later diagenesis must be considered before application.     

氢气还原针铁矿紫外光协同催化双氧水氧化气体中甲醛

甲醛作为一种致畸、致癌的高毒性有机污染物,对人体健康构成威胁,如何有效去除气体中的甲醛是关注的热点问题之一。采用粒径0.84～3.35 mm的天然针铁矿矿石于300℃氢还原转化为磁铁矿纳米材料,将纳米磁铁矿固定床非均相Fenton氧化反应器与紫外光催化双氧水氧化反应器串接,对比研究了双氧水、双氧水-紫外光、磁铁矿-双氧水、磁铁矿-双氧水-紫外光4种不同反应体系中双氧水投加量、甲醛初始浓度、载气流量对甲醛净化效率的影响。通过小型质谱仪对甲醛Fenton光催化氧化产物进行在线监测及TOC碳平衡分析,探讨甲醛净化的机理。结果显示制备的磁铁矿作为催化剂去除甲醛气体效果明显,在紫外光-10%双氧水-磁铁矿协同作用下,最高去除率可达98%,且在不同气速下对气体中不同浓度的甲醛都有很好的净化效果。研究结果表明,制备的磁铁矿纳米材料催化剂在去除甲醛气体过程中起着重要作用,经紫外光均相催化的双氧水协同作用可以在常温下很好地把气体中的甲醛氧化为CO₂,是一种低成本的有机废气净化技术方法。     

云南麻栗坡南秧田白钨矿床流体包裹体、稳定同位素特征及其成矿意义

对南秧田层状矽卡岩型白钨矿石中石榴石及电气石石英脉型白钨矿石中石英流体包裹体岩相学特征研究表明,与成矿有关的包裹体主要有富液相、富气相和含子晶的流体包裹体3种类型.矽卡岩型矿石中石榴石及共生石英的包裹体均一温度为128～250℃,盐度w(NaCl) =0.7％ ～8.1％;电气石石英脉型白钨矿石中石英的流体包裹体均一温度范围为181～ 325℃,盐度w(NaCl)=1.57％ ～ 15.76％.两种类型矿石成矿溶液密度为0.75～0.95g/cm3,表明形成这两种类型矿石的成矿流体均属于中温、中-低盐度、低密度的流体.氢氧同位素结果显示其主要来源于地层水(变质水),后期受到了岩浆水的叠加改造作用.硫同位素落入沉积岩、变质岩及蒸发硫酸盐的硫同位素组成范围内.     

Formation and transport of intermediate water masses in a model of the Pacific Ocean

A basin-wide ocean general circulation model of the Pacific Ocean was used to investigate how the interior restoration in the Okhotsk Sea and the isopycnal diffusion affect the circulation and intermediate water masses. Four numerical experiments were conducted, including a run with the same isopycnal and thickness diffusivity of 1.0×103 m2/s, a run employing the interior restoration of temperature and salinity in the Okhotsk Sea with a time scale of 3 months, a run that is the same as the first run except for the enhanced isopycnal mixing, and a final run with the combination of the restoration in the Okhotsk Sea and large isopycnal diffusivity. Simulated results show that the intermediate water masses reproduced in the first run are relatively weak. An increase in isopycnal diffusivity can improve the simulation of both Antarctic and North Pacific intermediate waters, mainly increasing the transport in the interior ocean, but inhibiting the outflow from the Okhotsk Sea. The interior restoration generates the reverse current from the observation in the Okhotsk Sea, whereas the simulation of the temperature and salinity is improved in the high latitude region of the Northern Hemisphere because of the reasonable source of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. A comparison of vertical profiles of temperature and salinity along 50°N between the simulation and observations demonstrates that the vertical mixing in the source region of intermediate water masses is very important.     

Convective plan-form of two-scale dynamos in a plane layer

We study generation of magnetic fields, involving large spatial scales, by convective plan-forms in a horizontal layer. Magnetic modes and their growth rates are expanded in power series in the scale ratio, and the magnetic eddy diffusivity (MED) tensor is derived for flows, symmetric about the vertical axis in a layer. For convective rolls we demonstrate that MED is never below molecular magnetic diffusivity. For cell patterns possessing the symmetries of a rectangle, critical values of molecular magnetic diffusivity for the onset of small- and large-scale magnetic field generation are the same. No instances of negative MED in hexagonal cells have been detected. A family of plan-forms has been found numerically, where MED is negative for molecular magnetic diffusivity over the threshold for the onset of small-scale magnetic field generation. However, the region in the parameter space, where large-scale dynamo action is observed, is small.     

Mean-field equations for weakly nonlinear two-scale perturbations of forced hydromagnetic convection in a rotating layer

We consider stability of regimes of hydromagnetic thermal convection in a rotating horizontal layer with free electrically-conducting boundaries, to perturbations involving large spatial and temporal scales. Equations governing the evolution of weakly nonlinear mean perturbations are derived under the assumption that the α-effect is insignificant in the leading-order (e.g. due to a symmetry of the system). The mean-field equations generalise the standard equations of hydromagnetic convection: New terms emerge – a second-order linear operator representing the combined eddy diffusivity and quadratic terms associated with the eddy advection. If the perturbed CHM regime is nonsteady and insignificance of the α-effect in the system does not rely on the presence of a spatial symmetry, the combined eddy diffusivity operator also involves a nonlocal pseudodifferential operator. If the perturbed CHM state is almost symmetric, α-effect terms appear in the mean-field equations as well. Near a point of a symmetry-breaking bifurcation, cubic nonlinearity emerges in the equations. All the new terms are in general anisotropic. A method for evaluation of their coefficients is presented; it requires solution of a significantly smaller number of auxiliary problems than in a straightforward approach.