Ground Based FTIR Measurements of Stratospheric Species from Harestua, Norway During Sesame and Comparison with Models

Vertical columns of HF, HCl, HNO3, ClONO2, N2O, ClO and COF2 were measured at Harestua, Norway (60.22° N, 10.75° E, Elevation 600 a.s.l.) beginning on 24 November 1994 and concluding on 1 May 1995 during Phase-III of the SESAME (Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Mid-latitude Experiment) measurement campaign. The vertical columns of HCl, HNO3 and ClONO2 measured on 81 days were compared with columns calculated by the 3-D Cambridge model SLIMCAT. In addition the results were also interpreted by comparison with a photochemical trajectory model. Good agreement was seen for HCl while the nitrogen compounds showed larger discrepancies, especially for ClONO2. Evidence for chlorine activation was seen with 65% reduction of the chlorine reservoirs (HCl + ClONO2) while the levels of ClO were greatly enhanced. Interpretation of the loss with the trajectory model indicated condensation of chlorine on PSCs. The vertical column ratio of COF2 and HF was measured to 0.21 outside the vortex and a factor of two lower inside. The recovery of ClONO2 was seen to be much faster than that of HCl in the early spring.     

棉田土壤热通量的计算

本文在两年棉花田间试验观测的基础上,利用土壤中热传导方程模拟5cm层土壤温度的时间变化,进而推算出其它层次的土壤温度,与实测值相比,模拟均方误最大为0．14,最大温度绝对误差为0．7℃．通过对温度方程求深度上的偏导数获得土壤热通量的计算公式,计算值与实测值比较,均方误最大为0．006,效果较好。本文还通过2cm层土壤热通量与棉花冠层净辐射之间的关系,结果表明土壤热通量与冠层净辐射有着很好的相关性。     

Pyrolysis-GC characterization of whole rock and kerogen-concentrate samples of immature Jurassic source rocks from NW-Germany

Nine rock samples from three Jurassic stratigraphic units of a shallow core from NW Germany were analyzed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography. The units contain a mixed Type-II/III kerogen (Dogger-α), a hydrogen-rich Type-II kerogen (Lias-), and a hydrogen-poor Type-III kerogen (Lias-δ). All of the kerogen was immature (R_o = 0.5%). Two sets of kerogen concentrates (“AD”: HCl/HF followed by a density separation, and “A”: only acid treatment) prepared from the rock samples were also analyzed to make a detailed comparison of the pyrolysates of rock and corresponding kerogen-concentrates.Hydrogen-index (HI) values of the kerogen concentrates prepared from organic-carbon poor rock were nearly 200% higher than HI values of the rock samples. Changes in HI were minimal for the samples containing Type-II kerogen. The A and AD samples from the C_org-poor rock yielded pyrolysates with n-alkane series of very different molecular lengths. Pyrograms of the rock samples had n-alkane series extending to n-C₁₄; the chromatograms of the A samples reached the n-C₁₄-nC₂₀ range. The AD samples from C_org-poor rock and all three sample types from the C_org-rich rock had n-alkane series up to n-C₂₉. The benzene/hexane and toluene/heptane ratios for the C_org-poor rock and A samples were far higher than for the AD samples, which had ratios similar to those of all three sample types from the C_org-rich rocks. These results indicate that choice of kerogen preparation method is critical when C_org-poor samples are analyzed.     

湘西下寒武统含铀磷块岩中钛铀矿和晶质铀矿的发现及其成因分析

对湘西下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩系中的含铀多金属磷块岩,笔者通过α径迹法示踪,先后采用电子探针、扫描电镜及透射电镜进行成分和结构分析,首次在其中发现了微晶状的晶质铀矿、斜方钛铀矿和钛铀矿。这3种铀矿物密切共生,也与钼、镍、铅、锌、铜、钒、铁等的硫化物共生,主要赋存于多金属磷块岩的雏晶石墨中,与碳的关系密切;其次也赋存于石英和先期形成的碳硫钼矿碎片中。斜方钛铀矿呈长柱状,钛铀矿呈短柱状和粒状,晶质铀矿多呈它形粒状,少数呈八边形自形、半自形晶。矿物粒径多在1~5μm,集合体可达10~20μm。进一步的成因研究表明,钛铀矿和晶质铀矿由高温铀氢化合物海底气相喷出凝聚所形成。     

山东高青县沉积盆地型地热流体地球化学特征及成因探讨

高青县地热资源类型为沉积盆地型,主要热储层为古近系东营组孔隙 裂隙型砂岩热储,井口出水温度在53～768℃,水化学类型为Na Cl型。地温场受构造控制影响,为传导型地热系统。根据水化学主要离子组分特征及相关关系、氢氧同位素特征研究,证实高青热田地热水水源为晚更新世大气降水补给,其成因类型为沉积水,且滞留时间较长,水岩作用强烈。     

新疆乔尕山金矿床氢、氧同位素特征及其地质意义

乔尕山金矿床赋存于中天山脆韧性剪切带中 ,两个主要成矿阶段成矿流体氢、氧同位素变化范围小 ,δ1 8OH2 O =5 .2 5‰～ 10 .95‰ ,δDH2 O=- 70 .9‰～ - 42 .0‰ ,成矿流体并非独立的岩浆流体与变质流体的混合。受剪切岩石组成矿物中流体包裹体可能是剪切带成矿流体的主要来源之一 ,沉积岩中的同生水以及岩浆岩中的粒间溶液等者可能在剪切变质作用过程中演化为成矿流体 ,剪切作用使流体产生均一化作用形成均一的剪切带成矿流体。     

银川平原承压水氢氧同位素组成与~(14)C年龄分布特征

利用地下水氢氧同位素(2H、3H和18O)和碳同位素(14C)方法,分析银川平原承压水的补给更新能力。在平原区采集承压水氢、氧、碳同位素样品45组,测试其氢氧同位素含量和14C年龄。据测试结果分析,地下水氢、氧、碳环境同位素分布特征存在较好的一致性,揭示了该区承压水的补给、流动的区域规律和局部变化特征。地下水14C测年结果显示,承压水年龄大多介于3000~22290 a之间,同时采用Tamers和Gonfiantinie模型对14C年龄校正进行了对比分析。沿同位素水文地质剖面计算得出:银川以北贺兰山前向平原中部地下水的流动速率为2.22~0.63 m/a,呈现由南向北递减的特征;从青铜峡冲洪积区向平原中部地下水由每年流动十余米减少至2 m。综合分析认为,银川平原承压水流动缓慢,水交替循环时间长,局部与潜水水力联系较密切,在承压水开采区,潜水越流补给量可达45%,适量开采存在一定程度的可更新性。     

德兴朱砂红斑岩铜(金)矿床蚀变-矿化系统流体演化——来自H_O同位素的制约

为查明朱砂红矿床成矿流体来源及矿床蚀变-矿化流体演化过程,在已厘定的朱砂红矿床脉体类型基础之上,选取了不同蚀变阶段的蚀变矿物,进行了系统的H_O同位素测试。研究发现:早期A脉[无矿团块状石英脉(A1脉)、石英-钾长石脉(A3脉)]石英中包裹体δ18O值介于+6.0‰~+11.2‰,δD值介于-90‰~-101‰之间,在δ18O-δD图解中,A脉样品的H_O值组成整体位于去气作用后的残余岩浆水范围,表明引起早期钾硅酸盐化的流体性质为一套高温、高盐度岩浆热液;绿帘石-石英脉(B1脉)的δ18O值和δD值(+6.6‰和-101‰)显示青磐岩化蚀变形成与高温岩浆流体相分离后的低密度气相流体有关;而斑岩中的石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿(B3脉)形成时,流体δ18O值(+4.1‰~+6.0‰)开始朝雨水线方向发生轻微的氧漂移,表明开始有少量大气降水的加入;晚期D脉形成时的成矿流体δ18O值(+2.8‰~+4.9‰)具有明显朝雨水线发生漂移的趋势,表明引起石英-绢云母化及泥化蚀变的成矿热液为岩浆热液和大气降水的混合流体。总之,朱砂红矿床钾硅酸盐化、青磐岩化蚀变,以及该蚀变阶段形成的A脉和早期B脉,均由岩浆热液作用引起,大气降水在钾硅酸盐化向长石分解蚀变转变的阶段开始进入蚀变-矿化系统,而长石分解蚀变为大气降水与岩浆热液共同作用的产物。     

咸水湖泊沉积物中正构烷烃及其氢同位素组成与成因

青海湖是我国最大的内陆咸水湖泊,对这种湖泊沉积物中正构烷烃及其氢同位素进行了分析,研究了沉积物中正构烷烃及其同位素组成,并且与青海湖水生植物及其周围陆生植物的研究结果进行了对比,研究了它们的成因.结果显示了青海湖表层和柱状沉积物中正构烷烃分布都是类似的,其特征反映了它们起源于湖泊周围陆生草本植物.青海湖表层沉积物中正构...