三株海洋酵母的生化营养成分分析

海洋酵母是一种重要的水产生物饵料.实验对3株海洋酵母菌德巴利酵母Debaryomyces sp.、克鲁维酵母Kluyveromyces sp. 和虫道酵母Ambrosiozyma sp.的基础营养成分进行了研究和分析.3株海洋酵母菌的粗蛋白含量分别为56.87%、46.75%、51.80%;脂肪分别为4.67%、6.35%、6.35%;碳水化合物分别为31.28%、41.55%、35.96%;灰分分别为7.18%、5.35%、6.37%.3株海洋酵母菌具有较高的蛋白含量水平以及优良的氨基酸和脂肪酸组成,表明该3株海洋酵母菌具有用作水产饵料生物的营养价值.但是,3株海洋酵母菌均缺乏多不饱和脂肪酸EPA和DHA,用其作为水产饲料源料,需要在配合饲料中添加多不饱和脂肪酸或与富含多不饱和脂肪酸的藻类一起使用.     

Seasonal biochemical changes in composition of body wall tissues of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Seasonal variation in proximate,amino acid and fatty acid composition of the body wall of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was evaluated.The proximate composition,except for ash content,changed significantly among seasons(P,0.05).Alanine,glycine,glutamic acid and asparagic acid were the most abundant amino acids.Total amino acid and essential amino acid contents both varied clearly with seasons(P,0.05).16:0 and 16:1n7 were the primary saturated fatty acid(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) respect...     

极谱络合吸附波测定岩石矿物中痕量铅

试样经酸溶分解后,采用三正辛胺—氢溴酸体系反相萃取色层法分离富集铅。在硝酸解脱液中直接加入铜铁试剂、甘氨酸、抗坏血酸等试剂,在 pH=8的碱性介质中测定铅的络合吸附波。峰电位为-0.5V,铅量在0—10μg/25ml 呈线性。该法可用于矿物、岩石等复杂样品中痕量铅的测定。     

PHYSIOLOGICAL INHIBITORY EFFECT OF OCS IN ARACHIDONIC ACID-RICH PARIETOCHLORIS INCISA (TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA)

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｒｏｌｅｏｆａｌｇａｌｅｘｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｔｅａｓａｂｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｔｏｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｍｉ ｃｒｏａｌｇａｌｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈａｄｌｏｎｇｂｅｅｎｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄ (ＭａｓｔａｎｄＰａｃｅ,1 93 8;ＰｒａｔｔａｎｄＦｏｎｇ,1 940 ) .Ｓｏｍｅｍｉｃｒｏａｌｇａｅ,ｌｉｋｅＣｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ,Ｃｈｌａｍｙｄｏｍｏｎａｓｒｅｉｎｈａｒｄｔｉｉ,Ｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｅｍａｃｏｓｔａｔｕｍ ,ｅｘｃ…     

金枪鱼油的精炼工艺对脂肪酸组成的影响

粗鱼油通过精炼可以除去非甘油三酯杂质成分,研究表明黄鳍金枪鱼鱼油精炼的工艺参数为:800 g/L的H3PO4脱胶,添加量为油量的1%(体积分数);300 g/L的NaOH脱酸,添加量为油量的2%(体积分数);活性土脱色,添加量为油量的10%(质量分数);85℃下减压蒸馏脱臭15 min。经过精炼,鱼油呈淡黄色,澄清透明,有淡鱼腥味,理化指标达到鱼油SC/T3502-2000标准的精制鱼油一级要求,精制鱼油中PUFA的总含量(w)达37.06%,DHA和EPA含量(w)分别为25.10%和4.45%。     

Acute toxicity of organochlorine insecticide endosulfan to the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrochium rosenbergii

Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, is highly toxic and effective at controlling pests in agriculture, horticulture, and public health programs. In this study, static bioassays were used to evaluate the toxicity of endosulfan to freshwater prawns( Macrobrachium rosenbergii) of various lengths(1.5±0.03,4±0.08, and 7±0.06 cm). Additionally, the activities of peroxidase(POD), acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase(AChE), and Na + /K +-ATPase were analyzed to refl ect the effects of endosulfan exposure. The 96 h LC 50 of endosulfan for prawns 1.5, 4, and 7 cm long were 1.86, 4.53,and 6.09μg/L, respectively, improved tolerance to endosulfan with growth. The POD activities of test organisms exposed to low concentrations of endosulfan were inhibited, indicating the presence of oxygen damaged tissue. Moreover, a notable decrease in AChE activity was observed due to overstimulation of neurotransmission, which might result in abnormal behavior. The effect caused by endosulfan on phosphatase production in the hepatopancreas of prawns 1.5, 4, and 7 cm long was different because the ability of nonspecifi c immune regulation increased with growth. The 96 h LC 50 values obtained in this study could be used in the formulation of water-quality criteria in China. Moreover, the changes in enzymes activities of M. rosenbergii under stress of endosulfan could be applied in the establishment of early warning indicators for bio-safety.     

三丁基锡对罗氏沼虾血清中免疫酶活力的影响

将罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)在含0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/L三丁基锡(TBT)的水体中浸浴48 h,检测TBT对罗氏沼虾血清中部分免疫酶活力的影响。结果表明:12 h内高剂量(0.4 mg/L)可诱导超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),酶活力差异有统计学意义(P0.01),至48 h时,诱导作用逐步解除;12 h内各剂量组血清中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力均表现抑制效应,酶活力差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而高剂量组在48 h时TBT对ACP表现为诱导效应,酶活力高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);低剂量组(0.1 mg/L)TBT对罗氏沼虾血清中AKP活力的影响无统计学意义(P0.05),而中剂量组(0.2 mg/L)和高剂量组(0.4 mg/L)AKP活力表现为先抑制后逐渐转为诱导的效应,。     

Inhibition of norsolorinic acid accumulation to Aspergillus parasiticus by marine actinomycetes

Thirty-six strains of marine actinomycetes were isolated from a sample of marine sediment collected from the Yellow Sea and evaluated in terms of their inhibitory activity on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and the production of norsolorinic acid using dual culture plate assay and agar diffusion methods. Among them, three strains showed strong antifungal activity and were subsequently identified as Streptomyces sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The supernatant from the fermentation of the MA01 strain was extracted sequentially with chloroform and ethyl acetate, and the activities of the extracts were determined by tip culture assay. The assay results show that both extracts inhibited mycelium growth and toxin production, and the inhibitory activities of the extracts increased as their concentrations increased. The results of this study suggest that marine actinomycetes are biologically important for the control of mycotoxins, and that these bacteria could be used as novel biopesticides against mycotoxins.